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IIMT UNIVERSITY MEERUT

SYLLABUS FOR ENTRANCE TEST FOR ADMISSION TO Ph.D PROGRAMME INCOMPUTER SCIENCE/ INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

There will be questions from the following topics.

Mathematical Techniques Computer Science and Engineering

Mathematical TechniquesLinear Algebra Calculus Continuity and Differentiability Mean value Theorems Evaluation of Definite and Improper Integrals Surface and Volume Integrals Gauss and Green’s Theorems

Differential equations Higher Order Linear Differential Equations with Constant Coefficients Laplace and Fourier Transforms Solutions of one Dimensional Diffusion Wave Equations Laplace Equation

Complex variables Cauchy’s Integral Theorem Residue Theorem Analytic Functions Taylor and Laurent Series

Probability and Statistics Definitions of Probability and Sampling Theorems Normal and Binomial Distributions

Numerical Methods Finite Differences Numerical Integration

Numerical Solutions of Linear and Non-Linear Algebraic Equations

Computer Science and EngineeringData Structures Advanced Sorting Methods Algorithm Design Paradigm Complexity of Algorithm Depth-first and Breadth-first Algorithms Kinetic Data Structures

Algorithms Asymptotic analysis Asymptotic notation Basic concepts of complexity classes Connected components Dynamic programming Notions of space and time complexity Tree and graph traversals Worst and average case analysis Computational Geometry Growth of Functions Heuristic Methods

Computation Theory Regular Languages and Finite Automata Languages and Pushdown Automata Recursively Enumerable sets and Turing Machines

Operating Systems Agreement Protocols for handling Processor Failures Comparative Performance Analysis Distributed Mutual Exclusion Distributed Operating Systems Local and Global states Process Deadlocks Resource Models Synchronization Mechanisms Coordination of Processes and related Algorithms Failure Handling and Recovery Mechanisms Multiprocessor Operating Systems and related Thread Handlings

Token and Non-token based Algorithms

Database Systems Database design Indexing and Hashing Relational model Storage and File Structures Extended Relational Model Mobile Databases and Web-enabled Database Systems Transactions and Concurrency control

Computer Organization and Architecture Cache and main memory CPU control design Design and synthesis of combinational and sequential circuits Instruction pipelining Machine instructions and addressing modes Number representation and computer arithmetic Secondary storage Structured Memory Design for Parallel Systems

Software Engineering Team Software Process Systems Modeling Language Requirement and feasibility analysis Process Models- Iterative Planning and managing the project Personal Software Process Domain specific modeling Software architecture and design patterns Software reliability and Advanced testing techniques Aspect oriented programming

Computer Networks LAN technologies Application layer protocols Flow and error control techniques Introduction to intelligent networking Performance analysis of networks


SYLLABUS FOR ENTRANCE TEST FOR ADMISSION TO Ph.D PROGRAMME INMECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Engineering Mechanics: Free-body diagrams and equilibrium; trusses and frames; virtual work;kinematics and dynamics of particles and of rigid bodies in plane motion; impulse andmomentum (linear and angular) and energy formulations, collisions.

Mechanics of Materials: Stress and strain, elastic constants, Poisson's ratio; Mohr’s circle forplane stress and plane strain; thin cylinders; shear force and bending moment diagrams; bendingand shear stresses; deflection of beams; torsion of circular shafts; Euler’s theory of columns;energy methods; thermal stresses; strain gauges and rosettes; testing of materials with universaltesting machine; testing of hardness and impact strength.

Theory of Machines: Displacement, velocity and acceleration analysis of plane mechanisms;dynamic analysis of linkages; cams; gears and gear trains; flywheels and governors; balancing ofreciprocating and rotating masses; gyroscope.

Vibrations: Free and forced vibration of single degree of freedom systems, effect of damping;vibration isolation; resonance; critical speeds of shafts.

Machine Design: Design for static and dynamic loading; failure theories; fatigue strength andthe S-N diagram; principles of the design of machine elements such as bolted, riveted andwelded joints; shafts, gears, rolling and sliding contact bearings, brakes and clutches, springs.

Fluid Mechanics: Fluid properties; fluid statics, manometry, buoyancy, forces on Sub mergedbodies, stability of floating bodies; control-volume analysis of mass, momentum and energy;fluid acceleration; differential equations of continuity and momentum; Bernoulli’s equation;dimensional analysis; viscous flow of incompressible fluids, boundary layer, elementaryturbulent flow, flow through pipes, head losses in pipes, bends and fittings.

Heat-Transfer: Modes of heat transfer; one dimensional heat conduction, resistance concept andelectrical analogy, heat transfer through fins; unsteady heat conduction, lumped parametersystem, Heisler's charts; thermal boundary layer, dimensionless parameters in free and forcedconvective heat transfer, heat transfer correlations for flow over flat plates and through pipes,effect of turbulence; heat exchanger performance, LMTD and NTU methods; radiative heattransfer, Stefan- Boltzmann law, Wien's displacement law, black and grey surfaces, view factors,radiation network analysis.

Thermodynamics: Thermodynamic systems and processes; properties of pure substances,behaviour of ideal and real gases; zeroth and first laws of thermodynamics, calculation of workand heat in various processes; second law of thermodynamics; thermodynamic property chartsand tables, availability and irreversibility; thermodynamic relations.

Applications: Power Engineering: Air and gas compressors; vapour and gas power cycles,concepts of regeneration and reheat. I.C. Engines: Air-standard Otto, Diesel and dual cycles.Refrigeration and air-conditioning: Vapour and gas refrigeration and heat pump cycles;

properties of moist air, psychrometric chart, basic psychrometric processes. Turbomachinery:Impulse and reaction principles, velocity diagrams, Pelton-wheel, Francis and Kaplan turbines.

Engineering Materials: Structure and properties of engineering materials, phase diagrams, heattreatment, stress-strain diagrams for engineering materials. Casting, Forming and JoiningProcesses: Different types of castings, design of patterns, moulds and cores; solidification andcooling; riser and gating design. Plastic deformation and yield criteria; fundamentals of hot andcold working processes; load estimation for bulk (forging, rolling, extrusion, drawing) and sheet(shearing, deep drawing, bending) metal forming processes; principles of powder metallurgy.Principles of welding, brazing, soldering and adhesive bonding. Machining and Machine ToolOperations: Mechanics of machining; basic machine tools; single and multi-point cutting tools,tool geometry and materials, tool life and wear; economics of machining; principles of non-traditional machining processes; principles of work holding, design of jigs and fixtures.

Metrology and Inspection: Limits, fits and tolerances; linear and angular measurements;comparators; gauge design; interferometry; form and finish measurement; alignment and testingmethods; tolerance analysis in manufacturing and assembly.

Computer Integrated Manufacturing: Basic concepts of CAD/CAM and their integrationtools. Production Planning and Control: Forecasting models, aggregate production planning,scheduling, materials requirement planning.

Inventory Control: Deterministic models; safety stock inventory control systems. OperationsResearch: Linear programming, simplex method, transportation, assignment, network flowmodels, simple queuing models, PERT and CPM.

IIMT UNIVERSITY MEERUTSYLLABUS FOR ENTRANCE TEST FOR ADMISSION TO Ph.D PROGRAMME IN

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Engineering Mathematics: Linear Algebra: Vector space, basis, linear dependence andindependence, matrix algebra, eigen values and eigen vectors, rank, solution of linear equations –existence and uniqueness.

Calculus: Mean value theorems, theorems of integral calculus, evaluation of definite andimproper integrals, partial derivatives, maxima and minima, multiple integrals, line, surface andvolume integrals, Taylor series.

Differential Equations: First order equations (linear and nonlinear), higher order lineardifferential equations, Cauchy's and Euler's equations, methods of solution using variation ofparameters, complementary function and particular integral, partial differential equations,variable separable method, initial and boundary value problems.

Vector Analysis: Vectors in plane and space, vector operations, gradient, divergence and curl,Gauss's, Green's and Stoke's theorems.

Complex Analysis: Analytic functions, Cauchy's integral theorem, Cauchy's integral formula;Taylor's and Laurent's series, residue theorem.

Numerical Methods: Solution of nonlinear equations, single and multi- step methods fordifferential equations, convergence criteria.

Probability and Statistics: Mean, median, mode and standard deviation; combinatorialprobability, probability distribution functions - binomial, Poisson, exponential and normal; Jointand conditional probability; Correlation and regression analysis.

Networks, Signals and Systems: Network solution methods: nodal and mesh analysis; Networktheorems: superposition, Thevenin and Norton’s, maximum power transfer; Wye‐Deltatransformation; Steady state, sinusoidal analysis using phasors; Timed domain analysis of simplelinear circuits; Solution of network equations using Laplace transform; Frequency domainanalysis of RLC circuits; Linear 2‐port network parameters: driving point and transfer functions;State equations for networks. Continuous-time signals: Fourier series and Fourier transformrepresentations, sampling theorem and applications; Discrete-time signals: discrete-time Fouriertransform (DTFT), DFT, FT, Z-transform, interpolation of discrete-time signals; LTI systems:definition and properties, causality, stability, impulse response, convolution, poles and zeros,parallel and cascade structure, equency response, group delay, phase delay, digital filter designtechniques.

Electronic Devices: Energy bands in intrinsic and extrinsic silicon; Carrier transport: diffusioncurrent, drift current, mobility and resistivity; Generation and recombination of carriers; Poisson

and continuity equations; P-N unction, Zener diode, BJT, MOS capacitor, MOSFET, LED, photodiode and solar cell; Integrated circuit fabrication process: oxidation, diffusion, ion implantation,photolithography and twin-tub CMOS process.

Analog Circuits: Small signal equivalent circuits of diodes, BJTs and MOSFETs; Simple diodecircuits: clipping, clamping and rectifiers; Single -stage BJT and MOSFET amplifiers: biasing,bias stability, mid-frequency small signal analysis and frequency response; BJT and MOSFETamplifiers: multi-stage, differential, feedback, power and operational; Simple op-amp circuits;Active filters; Sinusoidal oscillators: criterion for oscillation, single-transistor and op-ampconfigurations; Function generators, wave-shaping circuits and 555 timers; Voltage referencecircuits; Power supplies: ripple removal and regulation.

Digital Circuits: Number systems; Combinatorial circuits: Boolean algebra, minimization offunctions using Boolean identities and Karnaugh map, logic gates and their static CMOSimplementations, arithmetic circuits, code converters, multiplexers, decoders and PLAs;Sequential circuits: latches and flip‐ flops, counters,shift‐registers and finite state machines; Dataconverters: sample and hold circuits, ADCs and DACs; Semiconductor memories: ROM,SRAM, DRAM; 8-bit microprocessor (8085): architecture, programming, memory and I/Ointerfacing.

Control Systems: Basic control system components; Feedback principle; Transfer function;Block diagram representation; Signal flow graph; Transient and steady-state analysis of LTIsystems; Frequency response; Routh-Hurwitz and Nyquist stability criteria; Bode and root-locusplots; Lag, lead and lag-lead compensation; State variable model and solution of state equationof LTI systems.

Communications: Random processes: auto correlation and power spectral density, properties ofwhite noise, filtering of random signals through LTI systems; Analog communications:amplitude modulation and demodulation, angle modulation and demodulation, spectra of AMand FM, super hetero dyne receivers, circuits for analog communications; Information theory:entropy, mutual information and channel capacity theorem; Digital communications: PCM,DPCM, digital modulation schemes, amplitude, phase and frequency shift keying (ASK, PSK,FSK), QAM, MAP and ML decoding, matched filter receiver, calculation of bandwidth, SNRand BER for digital modulation; Fundamentals of error correction, Hamming codes; Timing andfrequency synchronization, inter-symbol interference and its mitigation; Basics of TDMA,FDMA and CDMA.

Electromagnetics: Electrostatics; Maxwell’s equations: differential and integral forms and theirinterpretation, boundary conditions, wave equation, Pointing vector; Plane waves and properties:reflection and refraction, polarization, phase and group velocity, propagation through variousmedia, skin depth; Transmission lines: equations, characteristic impedance, impedance matching,impedance transformation, S-parameters, Smith chart; waveguides: modes, boundary conditions,cut-off frequencies, dispersion relations; Antennas: antenna types, radiation pattern, gain anddirectivity, return loss, antenna arrays; Basics of radar; Light propagation in optical fibers.


SYLLABUS FOR ENTRANCE TEST FOR ADMISSION TO Ph.D PROGRAMME INPHYSICS

Classical Mechanics: Newtonian Mechanics, Variational Principles & Lagrange's Equations, theCentral Force Problem, Kinematics and Dynamics of Rigid Bodies, Small Oscillations,Hamilton's Equations, Canonical Transformations, Hamilton-Jacobi Theory, Special Relativity.

Quantum Mechanics: Physical Basis of Quantum Mechanics, Schrodinger Equation, Operators,Eigen functions, Eigen values, Wave packets, One Dimensional Bound State and ScatteringProblems, Harmonic Oscillator, Angular Momentum, Hydrogen Atom, Collisions in ThreeDimensions, Scattering from Spherically Symmetric Potentials, Matrix Formulation of QuantumMechanics, Symmetry in Quantum Mechanics, Identical Particles and Spin, StationaryPerturbation Theory (Degenerate and Non-degenerate cases), Variational Method, WKBApproximation, Time-dependent Perturbation Theory, Green's functions, Scattering Matrix,Born Approximation and Partial Wave Analysis.

Electrodynamics: Electrostatics, Electric Field in Matter, Conductors, Di-electrics,Magnetostatics, Magnetic Fields in Matter, Electrodynamics, Maxwell's Equations, ConservationLaws, Electromagnetic Waves, Potentials and Fields, Radiation, Special Relativity.

Electronics: Types operation and characteristics, Ebers-Moll model, CE, CB and CCconfiguration input, output characteristics and graphical analysis of basic amplifier circuits,Biasing and Bias stability, Low frequency, h-parameter model, Analysis and Design of transistoramplifier circuits using h-parameters. High frequency hybrid – pi model, analysis and design oftransistor amplifier circuits at high frequencies, Multistage amplifiers, phototransistors,Transistor as a switch, SCR’s and Thyistors, Operation and characteristics, model Application atlow and high frequency, amplifiers, switching circuits, MOSFET TYPES, Operation andcharacteristics.

Semiconductor Devices, Amplifiers and Oscillators: p-n junction diodes: tunnel diode,Schottky barrier diode – Microwave diodes: varactor diode, p-i-n diode – Optoelectronicdevices: solar cell, photodetector, LED, semiconductor laser – basic principles, biasing andcharacteristics of BJT and JFET – MOSFET: enhancement and depletion modes of operation –basic idea of charge coupled devices.

Low frequency and high frequency amplifiers – power amplifiers – oscillator principle –oscillator types – frequency stability, response – phase shift oscillator – Wein bridge oscillator –LC tunable oscillators – multivibrators – monostable and astable – sine wave and triangle wavegeneration – clamping and clipping – crystal oscillators and their applications.

Statistical Mechanics: Thermodynamics and Kinetic Theory: Laws of Thermo-dynamics andApplications, Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution, Transport Phenomena, Conservation Laws,Hydrodynamics; Classical and Quantum Statistical Mechanics: Microcanonical, Canonical, and

Grand Canonical Ensembles, Density Matrix, Ideal Gases, Partition Function, Ideal Fermi Gas,Ideal Bose Gas, Phase Transitions.


SYLLABUS FOR ENTRANCE TEST FOR ADMISSION TO Ph.DPROGRAMME IN MATHEMATICS

Basic Concepts of Real and Complex Analysis: Limits, Continuity, Uniform Continuity,Differentiability, Riemann Integral, Metric space, Sequence and series, Algebra of complexnumbers, Analytic functions, Power series, Taylor’s and Laurent’s series, Conformal mapping.

Basic Concepts of Linear Algebra: Vector space, Subspace, Linear dependence, Basis, Lineartransformation, Algebra of matrices, Rank of matrix, Determinants, Linear equations, eigenvalues and eigen vectors, Quadratic forms.

Discrete Mathematics: Partially ordered sets, Lattices, Complete Lattices, Distributive lattices,Complements, Boolean algebra, Elements of Graph Theory, Eulerian and Hamiltonian graphs,Planar Graphs, Directed graphs, Trees, Spanning trees, Fuzzy set theory

Differential Equations: First order ODE, singular solutions, initial value problem of first orderODE, and general theory of homogeneous and non homogeneous linear ODE, variation ofparameters.

Basic concepts of probability: Sample space, discrete probability, simple theorems onprobability, independence of events, Bayes Theorem. Discrete and continuous random variables,Binomial, Poisson, Uniform, Exponential, Weibull and Normal distributions; Expectation andmoments, independence of random variables.

Linear/Non-Linear Programming Basic Concepts: Convex sets. Linear ProgrammingProblem (LPP). Examples of LPP, Hyperplane, open and closed half – spaces. Feasible, basicfeasible and optimal solutions, Extreme point and graphical method, K-T conditions.

Operational Research Modelling: Definition and scope of Operational Research, Differenttypes of models, Replacement models and sequencing theory, inventory problems and theiranalytical structure. Simple deterministic and stochastic models of inventory control, Basiccharacteristics of queuing system, different performance measures. Steady state solution of Markovian queuing models: M/M/1, WW1 with limited waiting space MWC, M/M/C with limitedwaiting space.


SYLLABUS FOR ENTRANCE TEST FOR ADMISSION TO Ph.D PROGRAMME INSTATISTICS

Probability: Probability Distribution: Binomial, Poisson and Normal Test of significance :Large sample tests ,small sample tests : t-test, F-test and Chi-square test, Correlation andRegression: Simple , rank, Partial, Multiple correlation and regression, Sampling and Design ofExperiments: Random Sampling Stratified Sampling , RBD, CRD, LSD, Linear Programming :simplex method, Methods of findings BFS for the transportation problems, Inference : Testing ofhypothesis , simple against simple, properties of good estimators, Time Series: Methods ofmeasuring : linear trend , seasonal variations , Vital Statistics: Measures of fertility andMortality, Queues and Stochastic Processes : Basics of queues : Markovchain ; Markov Process .

Borel-contelli Lemma, Tchebycheff’s and Kolmogorov’s inequalities, Various modes ofconvergence: in probability, almost sure, in distribution and in mean square and their inter-relationship. Properties of a good estimator, Concept of likelihood function, Cramer-Raoinequality, Bhattacharya Bounds, Minimum mean square estimation, Rao-Black well theorem.

Probability sampling: Sampling with equal and unequal probabilities: pps sampling withreplacement and without replacement sampling. Stratified sampling. Proportional allocation,optimum allocation. Basic principles of experimental design. Construction and analysis ofcompletely randomized, randomized blocks and Latin-square designs. Factorial experiments:symmetrical factorials. Factorial experiment with each factor at two levels

Multivariate normal distribution, Marginal and Conditional distributions. Estimation of the meanvector and covariance matrix, maximum likelihood estimator of the parameters of multivariatenormal distribution. The distribution of the sample mean vector and sample dispersion matrix.Hotteling’s T2 and Mahalanobis-D2 Statistic; distribution and uses. Principal components andCanonical correlation in the population.


SYLLABUS FOR ENTRANCE TEST FOR ADMISSION TO Ph.D PROGRAMME INBOTANY

Plant Systematics: Major systems of classification, plant groups, phylogenetic relationships andmolecular systematics.

Plant Anatomy: Plant cell structure and its components; cell wall and membranes; organization,organelles, cytoskeleton, anatomy of root, stem and leaves, floral parts, embryo and youngseedlings, meristems, vascular system, their ontogeny, structure and functions, secondary growthin plants and stellar organization.

Morphogenesis & Development: Cell cycle, cell division, life cycle of an angiosperm,pollination, fertilization, embryogenesis, seed formation, seed storage proteins, seed dormancyand germination.Concept of cellular totipotency, clonal propagation; organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis,artificial seed, somaclonal variation, secondary metabolism in plant cell culture, embryo culture,in vitrofertilization.

Physiology and Biochemistry: Plant water relations, transport of minerals and solutes, stressphysiology, stomatal physiology, signal transduction, photosynthesis, photorespiration;respiration, Flowering: photoperiodism and vernalization, biochemical mechanisms involved inflowering; molecular mechanism of senencensce and aging,biosynthesis, mechanism of action and physiological effects of plant growth regulators, structureand function of biomolecules, (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acid), enzyme kinetics.

Genetics: Principles of Mendelian inheritance, linkage, recombination, genetic mapping;extrachromosomal inheritance; prokaryotic and eukaryotic genome organization, regulation ofgene expression, gene mutation and repair, chromosomal aberrations (numerical and structural),transposons.

Plant Breeding and Genetic Modification: Principles, methods – selection, hybridization,heterosis; male sterility, genetic maps and molecular markers, sporophytic and gametophytic selfincompability, haploidy, triploidy, somatic cell hybridization, marke-assisted selection, genetransfer methods viz. direct and vector -mediated, plastid transformation, transgenic plants andtheir application in agriculture, molecular pharming, plantibodies.

Economic Botany: A general account of economically and medicinally important plants-cereals, pulses, plants yielding fibers, timber, sugar, beverages, oils, rubber, pigments, dyes,gums, drugs and narcotics, Economic importance of algae, fungi, lichen and bacteria.

Plant Pathology: Nature and classification of plant diseases,diseases of important crops causedby fungi, bacteria,nematodes and viruses, and their control measures, mechanism(s) pathogenesisand resistance, molecular detection of pathogens;plant-microbe beneficial interactions.

Ecology and Environment: Ecosystems – types, dynamics, degradation, ecological succession;food chains and energy flow; vegetation types of the world, pollution and global warming,speciation and extinction, conservation strategies, cryopreservation, phytoremediation.

IIMT University MEERUTSYLLABUS FOR ENTRANCE TEST FOR ADMISSION TO Ph.D PROGRAMME IN

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

Environmental Chemistry: Air pollution, sources of air pollutants, CFC’sphotochemical smog,effect of air pollution on vegetation, animals and human beings, Air pollution control measurescarcinogens in the air. Global warming, Green house effect, Ozone depletion and its impact, acidrain. Water pollution –sources, heavy metal pollution, noise pollutions, effect of noise pollution,prevention and control of noise pollution.Principles and applications of UV-Visible spectroscopyAAS, FES, IR, Nephelomchy, Polarography, GC and HPLC.

Environmental Earth Science: Interior of earth; Earth systems and its interaction. Earth’sMaterials – Minerals and their definition, Definition of resources and reserve. Earthquakes:causes, intensity and magnitude of earthquakes; geographic distribution of earthquake zones,volcanism: nature, extent and causes of volcanism, geographic distribution of volcanoes. Thehydrological cycle, and its balance, Factors influencing the surface water and characteristics ofstream flow, sub-surface water.

Environmental Microbiology: Classification, microbes as bioindicators of pollution, role ofmicroorganisms in environmental pollution and management, microbes of extreme environment.Bioaccumulation and Biomagnification. Advanced techniques in detection of microbes in air,water and soil.

Environmental Biotechnology: Role of biotechnology in energy production, role ofenvironmental biotechnology in field of prevention, deduction and monitoring and geneticengineering. Application of biotechnology to environmental problems. Biosensors – Types ofbiosensors. Applications of biosensors, Composting – types of composting. GMO’sBioremediation, Applications, biofilters, microchips.

Solid waste Management: Sources, characteristics, classification, collection, storage,segregation, transportation and disposal methods–sanitary landfilling, waste prevention andrecycling, commonly recycling material and processes, recovery of biological conversionproducts, biogasification, energy recovery, energy and hazardous waste managementclassification of hazardous waste, characteristics listing criteria, hazardous waste management,hazardous waste management in India, municipals solid waste management rules 2000,biomedical waste management and handling rules 1998, pyrolysis, incineration. Hospital waste –characteristics and Management.

Occupational Health: Hazards: Occupational Environment, Physical, Chemical, Biologicalagent. Occupational Hazards–physical hazards, chemical hazards, Biological hazards.Occupational diseases-Pneumoconiosis-silicosis, Anthracosis, Byssinosis, Bagassosis,Asbestosis, Farmers lung, Lead poisoning, Occupational cancer, Occupational Dermatitis,Radiation hazards.

Environmental Biology: Ecosystem, Homeostasis, energy flow in a lake ecosystem, Lindemenmodel climatic factors, influence of light on morphology and physiology of plants,characteristics of heliophytes and sciophytes, effect of low and high temperature on plants,mechanical and physiological effects of wind, characteristics of populations, biologicalinteraction.

Remote Sensing GIS and Disaster Management: Principle of Remote Sensing and itsapplications to Environment, types of sensors spectral reflectance and their characteristics,products used in Remote sensing, GIS and their use for environmental monitoring.Environmental Disaster Types of Hazards, Hazard mitigation. Earthquake, volcanic, seismicHazards nature of destruction, ground subsidence, protection of earthquake and volcanic hazards,Landslides and mudflows floods and flood management, nature and frequency of flooding,manmade disaster and Hazards.

Biodiversity: Genetic diversity, Species diversity and ecosystem diversity, alpha, beta, andgamma diversity, endemism, significance of the endemism, Hot spots of Biodiversity, Red databook and IUCN categories, endangered species, vulnerable species. Rare species. Ecologicalconsequences of reduction in biodiversity. Deforestation and its impact. Causes for depletion ofbiodiversity in India, Sacred grooves. Biosphere Reserves –A new concept of conservationobjectives and management.

EIA and Environmental Laws: Framework of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA),simple methods of identification of impacts, matrices network, checklists. Methods of impactanalysis, public participation in Environmental decision making, EIA in project planning. Legalcontrol of Environmental pollution in India with special reference to:

1. The Wildlife protection Act –19722. The Water prevention and control of pollution Act, 1974.3. The Forest Conservation Act, 1980.4. The Air prevention and control of pollution Act, 1981.5. The Environment protection Act. 1986.6. Hazardous waste management rules-1989.7. Biological Diversity Act of India, 2002.


SYLLABUS FOR ENTRANCE TEST FOR ADMISSION TO Ph.D. PROGRAMME INPHARMACY

Pharmaceutics: Development, manufacturing standards Q.C. limits, labeling, as per thepharmacopoeial requirements. Storage of different dosage forms and new drug delivery systemsBiopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics and their importance in formulation. Formulation andpreparation of cosmetics – lipstick, shampoo, creams, nail preparations and dentifrices.Pharmaceutical calculations.

Pharmacology: General pharmacological principles including Toxicology. Drug interaction.Pharmacology of drugs acting on Central nervous system, Cardiovascular system, Autonomicnervous system, Gastro intestinal system and Respiratory system. Pharmacology of Autocoids,Hormones, Hormone antagonists, chemotherapeutic agents including anticancer drugs.Bioassays, Immuno Pharmacology. Drugs acting on the blood & blood forming organs. Drugsacting on the renal system.

Medicinal Chemistry: Structure, nomenclature, classification, synthesis, SAR and metabolismof the following category of drugs, which are official in Indian Pharmacopoeia and BritishPharmacopoeia. Introduction to drug design. Stereochemistry of drug molecules. Hypnotics andSedatives, Analgesics, NSAIDS, Neuroleptics, Antidepressants, Anxiolytics, Anticonvulsants,Antihistaminics, Local Anaesthetics, Cardio Vascular drugs – Antianginal agents Vasodilators,Adrenergic & Cholinergic drugs, Cardiotonic agents, Diuretics, Anti-hypertensive drugs,Hypoglycemic agents, Antilipedmic agents, Coagulants, Anticoagulants, Antiplatelet agents.Chemotherapeutic agents – Antibiotics, Antibacterials, Sulphadrugs. Antiprotozoal drugs,Antiviral, Antitubercular, Antimalarial, Anticancer, Antiamoebic drugs. Diagnostic agents.Preparation and storage and uses of official Radiopharmaceuticals, Vitamins and Hormones.Eicosanoids and their application.

Pharmaceutical Analysis: Principles, instrumentation and applications of the following:Absorption spectroscopy (UV, visible & IR). Fluorimetry, Flame photometry, Potentiometry.Conductometry and Polarography. Pharmacopoeial assays. Principles of NMR, ESR, Massspectroscopy. X-ray diffraction analysis and different chromatographic methods.

Biochemistry: Biochemical role of hormones, Vitamins, Enzymes, Nucleic acids, Bioenergetics.General principles of immunology. Immunological. Metabolism of carbohydrate, lipids, proteins.Methods to determine, kidney & liver function. Lipid profiles.

Natural Products: Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry – Chemistry, tests, isolation,characterization and estimation of phytopharmaceuticals belonging to the group of Alkaloids,Glycosides, Terpenoids, Ster oids, Bioflavanoids, Purines, Guggul lipids. Pharmacognosy ofcrude drugs that contain the above constituents. Standardization of raw materials and herbalproducts. WHO guidelines. Quantitative microscopy including modern techniques used forevaluation. Biotechnological principles and techniques for plant development, Tissue culture.

Pharmaceutical Jurisprudence: Drugs and cosmetics Act and rules with respect tomanufacture, sales and storage. Pharmacy Act. Pharmaceutical ethics.

Microbiology: Principles and methods of microbiological assays of the Pharmacopoeia.Methods of preparation of official sera and vaccines. Serological and diagnostics tests.Applications of microorganisms in Bio Conversions and in Pharmaceutical industry.

Clinical Pharmacy: Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Dosage regimen in Pregnancy and Lactation,Pediatrics and Geriatrics. Renal and hepatic impairment. Drug – Drug interactions and Drug –food interactions, Adverse Drug reactions. Medication History, interview and Patient counseling.

IIMT UNIVERSITY, MEERUT

SYLLABUS FOR ENTRANCE TEST FOR ADMISSION TO Ph.D PROGRAMME INBIOTECHNOLOGY/MICROBIOLOGY

Molecules and Cellular Organization: Structure of atoms, molecules and chemical bonds,composition, structure and function of biomolecules, Principles of catalysis, enzymes andenzyme kinetics, enzyme regulation, mechanism of enzyme catalysis, isozymes, stability ofproteins and nucleo acids, acids, Metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids nucleotidesand vitamins. Structural organization and function of intracellular organelles, organization ofgens and chromosomes, repetitive DNA, interrupted genes, gene families, structure and celldivision and cell cycle.

FUNDAMENTAL PROCESS IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS: DNA replication, repair andrecombination, RNA synthesis and processing, Protein synthesis and processing, Control of geneexpression at transcription and translation level. Host parasite interaction recognition and entryprocesses of different pathogens, pathogen-induced diseases in animals and plants, cell-cellfusion in both normal and abnormal cells.

CELL SIGNALING: Cell signaling hormones and their receptors, cell surface receptor,signaling through G-protein coupled receptors, signal transduction pathways, Cancer, oncogens,tumor suppressor genes.

DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY: Basic concepts of development, Gametogenesis,fertilization and development, production of gametes, embryogenesis, organogenesis, sexdetermination. Morphogenesis and organogenesis in animals & plants, Programmed cell death,aging and senescence.

SYSTEMS PHYSIOLOGY OF PLANT: Photosynthesis, Respiration and photorespiration,citric acid cycle, Nitrogen metabolism, Plant hormones, sensory photobiology, solute transportand photo assimilate translocation, secondary metabolites.

SYSTEMS PHYSIOLOGY OF ANIMALS: Blood and circulation, Blood corpuscles,haemopoiesis, blood group hemoglobin, cardiovascular system, respiratory system, nervous,sense organs, excretory Thermoregulation, stress and adaptation, Digestive system,endocrinology and reproduction.

INHERITANCE BIOLOGY: Mendelian principles, allele, multiple alleles, pseudoallele,complementation tests,: codominance , incomplete dominance, gene interactions, pleiotropy,genomic imprinting, penetrance and expressivity, phenocopy, linkage and crossing over, sex

linkage, sex limited and sex influenced, characters, gene mapping methods, extra chromosomalinheritance, microbial genetics, human genetics, quantitative genetics and recombination.

DIVERSITY OF LIFE FORMS AND ECOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES: Principles andmethods of taxonomy, outline classification of plants, animals & microorganisms, organisms ofhealth & agricultural importance the environment, population ecology, community ecologyecosystem ecology, applied ecology.

EVOLUTION AND BEHAVIOUR: Emergence of evolutionary thoughts, molecular evolutionmolecular tools in phylogeny, classification and identification, protein and nucleotide sequenceanalysis, origin of new genes and proteins; gene duplication and divergence. Population genetics-populations, gene pool, gene frequency; hardy-Weinberg law; concepts and rate of change ingene frequency.

APPLIED BIOLOGY AND METHODS IN BIOLOGY: Microbial fermentation andproduction of small and macro molecules, application of immunological principles, vaccines,diagnostics, tissue and cell culture methods for plants and animals, transgenic animals and plants,molecular approaches to diagnosis and strain identification, genomics and its application tohealth and agriculture, including gene therapy, bioresource and uses of biodiversity, Breeding inplants and animals, including marker-assisted selection bioremediation, phytoremediation andbiosensors.

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND VARIOUS METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY :Recombinant DNA methods: isolation and purification of RNA, DNA (genomic and plasmid)and proteins, different separation methods. Analysis of RNA, DNA and proteins by one and twodimensional gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing gels. Molecular cloning of DNA or RNAfragments in bacterial and eukaryotic systems. Expression of recombinant proteins usingbacterial, animals and plant vectors. Isolation of cosmid, BAC and YAC vectors. In vitromutagenesis and deletion techniques, gene knock out in bacterial and eukaryotic organisms.Protein sequencing methods, detection of post translation modification of proteins. DNAsequencing methods, strategies for genome sequencing.

TECHNIQUES IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY: Methods for analysis of gene expression atRNA and protein level, large scale expression, such as micro array based techniques isolation,separation and analysis of carbohydrate and lipid molecules RFLP, RAPD and AFLP techniques,Histochemical and immunotechniques, Biophysical, statistical method, antibody generation,detection of molecules using ELISA, RIA, western blot, immunoprecipitation, fluocytometryaand immunofluorescence microscopy, detection of molecules in living cell, in situ localization bytechniques such as FISH and GISH, molecular analysis using UV/visible, fluorescence, circulardichroism, NMR and ESR spectroscopy molecular structure determination using X-raydiffraction and NMR, Radiolabeling techniques, microscopic techniques.

MICROBIAL PHYSIOLOGY, METABOLISM & BIOCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES:Measurement of growth, Growth Physiology, Growth Kinetics, Steady State Growth andContinuous Growth, Primary and Secondary transport, Drug export systems, Amino acidtransport, Lipid composition of microorganisms, Biosynthesis and degradation of lipids, EnzymeKinetics, Enzyme Inhibition, Models and types of Inhibition, Rapid Equilibrium.

MICROBIAL GENETICS: Genetic analysis of bacteria and phase, mutation, selection ofmutants, analysis by complementation and recombination tests, gene replacements Gene transferby conjugation, Self Transmissible and mobilizable plasmids, Mechanism of conjugation,Mapping bacterial genomes using Hfr stains, chromosomal DNA transfer by plasmids, Naturaltransduction, DNA uptake systems in bacteria, Bacterial transposons, Molecular mechanisms andeffects of transportation, Site specific recomobination.

INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY: Types of fermentation and fermentor, Recent developmentin fermentation technology, Microbial strain improvement, Optimization, Single cell protein,Microbial Polyesters, Bio surfactants, Recombinant product, Downstream processing ofmicrobial products.

IMMUNOLOGY: Organization of immune system, structure and organization of spleen lymph,Nodes, Gut associated Lymphocytes, tissue, Major histocompatibility systems and its functions,Hybridoma technology, Monoclonal antibodies system, Humural immune system, Cell mediatedimmune system, Natural Killer cells. innate and adaptive immune system cells and moleculesinvolved in innate and adaptive immunity, antigens, antigenicity and immunogenicity. B and Tcell epitopes, antigen-antibody interactions, antigen, processing and presentation,hypersensitivity and autoimmunity, immune response during bacterial (tuberculosis), parasitic(malaria) and viral (HIV) infections, vaccines.

MICROBIAL PATHOGENICITY: Normal microbial flora of the human body, pathogenicityand virulence, Nosocomial infections, Opportunistic infections, General Methods of Microbialinfections, Symptoms, Pathogenesis and Control of common bacterial, Viral and fungalinfections.

VIROLOGY: Virus infections, Cycle, Cultivation of Viruses, Assay of Viruses, Structure ofvirus, Viral Genomes, Virus attachment and entry, Synthesis of RNA from Viral DNA templates,Replication of DNA Virus, Virus translation Strategies, Intracellular trafficking of viruses,Mechanism of Virus, Pathogenesis, Viral Vaccines, Antiviral drugs, Virus evolution, Emergingviruses.

ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY: Microbial diversity in extreme environmentsoligotrophs, Thermophilus, Psychophiles, Global Warming, Liquid waste, Management,

Treatment of sewage, Bioremediation of environmental pollutants, Isolation of microbial florafrom water, air and soil.

FOOD MICROBIOLOGY: Microbial spoilage of foods and various types of foodpreservation,Microbial toxins, Afflotoxin, Food borne diseases, Storage of food materials,Fermented Food, Beverages, Probiotics, water borne Diseases, Significance of Lactobacillusacidophilus, Membrane Process drying and crystallisation, Transport of food materials, Variousmethods of freezing/ cooling of food materials.


SYLLABUS FOR ENTRANCE TEST FOR ADMISSION TO Ph.D. PROGRAMME IN

COMMERCE

Business Environment: Meaning and Elements of Business Environment. Economicenvironment, Economic Policies, Economic Planning. Legal environment of Business in India,Competition policy, Consumer protection, Environment protection. Policy Environment:Liberalization Privatisation and globalisation, Second generation reforms, Industrial policy andimplementation. Industrial growth and structural changes.

Financial & Management Accounting: Basic Accounting concepts, Capital and Revenue,Financial statements. Partnership Accounts: Admission, Retirement, Death, Dissolution andCash Distribution. Advanced Company Accounts: Issue, forfeiture, Purchase of Business,Liquidation, Valuation of shares, Amalgamation, Absorption and Reconstruction, HoldingCompany Accounts. Cost and Management Accounting: Ratio Analysis, Funds Flow Analysis,Cash Flow Analysis, Marginal costing and Break-even analysis, Standard costing, Budgetarycontrol, Costing for decision-making Responsibility accounting.

Business Economics: Nature and uses of Business Economics, Concept of Profit and Wealthmaximization. Demand Analysis and Elasticity of Demand, Indifference Curve Analysis, Law.Utility Analysis and Laws of Returns and Law of variable proportions. Cost, Revenue, Pricedetermination in different market situations: Perfect competition, Monopolistic competition,Monopoly, Price discrimination and Oligopoly, Pricing strategies.

Business Statistics & Data Processing: Data types, Data collection and analysis, sampling,need, errors and methods of sampling, Normal distribution, Hypothesis testing, Analysis andInterpretation of Data. Correlation and Regression, small sample tests: t-test, F-test and chi-square test. Data processing: Elements, Data entry, Data processing and Computer applications.Computer Application to Functional Areas: Accounting, Inventory control, Marketing.

Business Management: Principles of Management Planning: Objectives, Strategies, Planningprocess, Decision-making. Organising, Organisational structure, Formal and Informalorganisations, Organisational culture. Staffing Leading: Motivation, Leadership, Committees,Communication. Controlling Corporate Governance and Business Ethics.

Marketing Management: The evolution of marketing, Concepts of marketing, Marketing mix,Marketing environment, Consumer behaviour, Market segmentation. Product decisions Pricingdecisions Distribution decisions Promotion decisions Marketing planning, Organising andControl. Unit-VII Financial Management: Capital Structure, Financial and Operating leverage.Cost of capital, Capital budgeting. Working capital management Dividend Policy

Human Resources Management: Concepts, Role and Functions of Human Resourcemanagement, Human Resource Planning, Recruitment and Selection. Training and Development,Succession Planning. Compensation: Wage and Salary Administration, Incentive and Fringe

benefits, Morale and Productivity. Performance Appraisal Industrial Relations in India, Health,Safety, Welfare and Social security, Workers'Participation in Management.

Banking and Financial Institution: Importance of Banking to Business, Types of Banks andTheir Functions, Reserve Bank of India, NABARD and Rural Banking. Banking Sector Reformin India, NPA, Capital adequacy norms, E-banking Development Banking: IDBI, IFCI, SFCs,UTI, SIDBI. Unit-X International Business: Theoretical foundations of international business,Balance of Payments. International liquidity, International Economic Institutions: IMF, WorldBank IFC, IDA, ADB. World Trade Organisation-its functions and policies. Structure of India'sforeign trade: Composition and direction, EXIM Bank, EXIM Policy of India, Regulation andpromotion of Foreign Trade.

Elective or Optional Units

Accounting and Finance: Accounting standards in India, Inflation Accounting, HumanResource Accounting, Responsibility Accounting, Social Accounting. Money and Capitalmarket, working of stock exchanges in India, NSE, OTCEI, NASDAQ, Derivatives and Options.Regulatory Authorities: SEBI, Rating Agencies; New Instruments; GDRs, ADRs. VentureCapital Funds, Mergers and Acquisitions, Mutual Funds, Lease Financing, Factoring,Measurement of risk and returns securities and portfolios. Computer Application in Accountingand Finance.

Marketing: Marketing Tasks, Concepts and Tools, Marketing Environment. ConsumerBehaviour and Market Segmentation. Product decisions Pricing decisions Distribution decisionsPromotion decisions Marketing Researchs On-line marketing Direct Marketing; Social, ethicaland legal aspects of marketing in India.

Human Resource Management: Concept; Role and Functions of Human ResourceManagement. Human Resource Planning, Job analysis, Job description and specifications, Use ofJob analysis information, Recruitment and Selection. Training and Development, SuccessionPlanning. Compensation: Wage and Salary administration, Incentives and Fringe benefits,Morale and Productivity. Appraisal Performance Industrial Relations in India, Health, Safety,Welfare and Social Security, Workers participation in Management.

International Business: Foreign Direct Investment and Multinational Corporations-MNCsCulture, MNCs and LDCs, Joint Ventures. Regional Economic Integration: SAARC, ASEAN,EC, NAFTA. India and WTO, Intellectual Property Rights. Foreign Exchange: Exchange rate,Mechanism, Risk management, Transfer of international payments, Convertibility of Rupee,Current and Capital Accounts; Issues and Perceptions, Derivatives and Futures. Foreigninvestment Institutions; Instruments: GDRs, ADRs, FIIs-their role in Indian Capital Market.

Income-tax Law and Tax Planning: Basic concepts, Residential status and tax incidence,exempted incomes, computation of taxable income under various heads. Computation of taxableincome of individuals and firms. Deduction of tax, filing of returns, different types ofassessment; Defaults and penalties. Tax Planning: Concept, significance and problems of taxplanning, Tax evasion and tax avoidance, methods of tax planning. Tax considerations in specific

business decisions, viz. make or buy; own or lease, retain or replace; export or domestic sales;shut-down or closure; expand or contract; invest or disinvest. Computer Application in Incometax and Tax planning.


SYLLABUS FOR ENTRANCE TEST FOR ADMISSION TO Ph.D PROGRAMME IN

MANAGEMENT

Unit I: Managerial Economics, Demand Analysis, Production Function, Cost-output relations, Marketstructures, Pricing theories, Advertising, Macro-economics, National Income concepts,Infrastructure-Management and Policy, Business Environment, Capital Budgeting

Unit II: The concept and significance of organisational behaviour-Skills and roles in an organisation-Classical, Neo-classical and modern theories of organisational structure—Organisational design—Understanding and Managing individual behavior. Personality—Perception—Values—Attitudes—Learning—Motivation.Understanding and managing group behaviour, Processes—lnter-personal and group dynamics-Communication—Leadership - Managing change-Managing conflicts.Organisational development

Unit III: Concepts and perspectives in HRM; HRM in changing environment, Human resourceplanning-Objectives, Process and Techniques, Job analysis-Job description, Selecting humanresources, Induction, Training and Development Exit policy and implications Performanceappraisal and evaluation Potential assessment, Job evaluation, Wage determination, IndustrialRelations and Trade Unions, Dispute resolution and Grievance management, Labour Welfare andSocial security measures

Unit IV: Financial management-Nature and Scope, Valuation concepts and valuation ofsecurities, Capital budgeting decisions-Risk analysis, Capital Structure and Cost of capital,Dividend policy-Determinants, Long-term and short-term financing instruments, Mergers andAcquisitions

Unit V: Marketing environment and Environment scanning; Marketing Information Systems andMarketing research; Understanding consumer and industrial markets; Demand Measurement andForecasting; Market Segmentation –Targeting and Positioning; Product decisions, Product mix.Product Life Cycle; New product development; Branding and Packaging; Pricing methods andstrategies.

Promotion decisions- Promotion mix; Advertising; Personal selling; Channel management;Vertical marketing systems; Evaluation and control of marketing effort; Marketing of services;Customer relation management;

Uses of internet as a marketing medium-other related issues like branding, market development,Advertising and retailing on the net.

Unit VI: Role and scope of production management; Facility location; Layout planning andanalysis; Production planning and control-production process analysis; Demand forecasting foroperations; Determinants of product mix; Production scheduling; Work measurement; Time andmotion study; Statistical Quality Control.

Role and scope of Operations Research; Linear Programming; Sensitivity analysis; Duality;Transportation model; Inventory control; Queuing theory; Decision theory; Markov analysis;PERT/CPM.

Unit VII: Probability theory, Probability distributions-Binomial, Poisson, Normal andExponential; Correlation and Regression analysis; Sampling theory; Sampling distributions;Tests of hypothesis; Large and small samples; t, z, F, Chi-square tests.

Use of Computers in Managerial applications; Technology issues and Data processing inorganizations; Information systems; MIS and Decision making; System analysis and design;Trends in Information Technology; Internet and Internet-based applications.

Unit VIII: Concept of corporate strategy; Components of strategy formulation; Ansoff’s growthvector; BCG Model; Porter’s generic strategies; Competitor analysis; Strategic dimensions andgroup mapping; Industry analysis; Strategies in industry evolution, fragmentation, maturity, anddecline; Competitive strategy and corporate strategy; Trans nationalization of world economy;Managing cultural diversity; Global Entry strategies; Globalisation of financial system andservices; Managing international business; Competitive advantage of nations; RTP and WTO.

Unit IX: Concepts-Types, Characteristics; Motivation; Competencies and its development;Innovation and Entrepreneurship; Small business-Concepts, Government policy for promotion ofsmall and tiny enterprises; Process of business opportunity identification; Detailed business planpreparation; Managing small enterprises; Planning for growth; Sickness in Small Enterprises;Rehabilitation of sick enterprises; Intrapreneurship (organisational entrepreneurship).

Unit X: Ethics and Management system; Ethical issues and analysis in management; Valuebased organizations; Personal framework for ethical choices; Ethical pressure on individual inorganizations; Gender issues; Ecological Consciousness Environmental ethics; Socialresponsibilities of business; corporate governance and ethics.


SYLLABUS FOR ENTRANCE TEST FOR ADMISSION TO Ph.D PROGRAMME INLAW

1. Constitutional Law of India(a) Preamble(b) Fundamental Rights and Duties(c) Directive Principles of State Policy(d) Judiciary(e) Emergency Provisions(f) Amendment of the Constitution(g) Writ Jurisdiction

2. Jurisprudence and Legal Theory(a) Natural Law theory(b) Positivism, Natural Law Theory, Sociological & Analytical School of Jurisprudence(d) Rights & Duties(e) Doctrine of Precedent in India(c) Nature & sources of law(d) Rights & Duties(e) Concepts of Possession and Ownership

3. Law of Contracts(a) Essentials of a valid contract(b) Offer, acceptance and consideration(c) Capacity to Contract- Minor’s contract(d) Elements vitiating contract- mistake, fraud, misrepresentation, public policy,coercion, undue influence, frustration of contract(e) Remedies for breach of contract- Damages.

4. Law of Torts(a) Foundation of Tortuous Liability(b) General Defenses to an action of Tort(c) Vicarious Liability(d) Remoteness of Damages(e) Contributory Negligence(f) Absolute and Strict Liability

5. Law of Crimes(a) Good Faith(b) General Exceptions(c) Common Intention and Common Object(d) Abetment, Conspiracy & Criminal Attempt

(e) Crimes against Human Body & Property(f) Defamation

6. Family Law(a) Concepts in Family law(b) Sources of family law in India(c) Marriage & Dissolution of marriage

7. Labour law(a) Concepts: Industry, Industrial Dispute & Workman(b) Trade Unions-Rights and Immunities of registered Trade Union, Registration and its

advantage(c) Methods for settlement of Industrial Disputes under ID Act, 1947(d) Strike & lockout as instruments of collective bargaining(e) Retrenchment, Lay-off and Closure

8. Environmental Law(a) Environmental Pollution-Meaning of Environment & Environmental pollution, Kinds

of pollution(b) Legislative measures for prevention & control of Environmental pollution in India-

Air, Water and Noise pollution, and General protection of Environment(c) Remedies for Environmental protection- Civil, Criminal and Constitutional(d) Importance of Forest & Wildlife in protecting Environment(e) Environmental Impact Assessment & Control of Hazardous wastes

9. Administrative Law(a) Nature, Scope & Importance of Administrative Law(b) Principles of Natural Justice(c) Administrative Discretion & its control(d) Judicial review of Administrative action- Writ jurisdiction(e) Lokpal & Lokayukta

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