iiiiiiiv ch. 6 & 7 - chemical bonding i. introduction to bonding (p. 161 – 163)
TRANSCRIPT
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I II III IV
Ch. 6 & 7 - Chemical Bonding
I. Introduction toBonding
(p. 161 – 163)
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A. Vocabulary
Chemical Bond
attractive force between atoms or ions that binds them together as a unit
bonds form in order to…decrease potential energy (PE)increase stability
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A. Vocabulary
CHEMICAL FORMULA
MolecularFormula
FormulaUnit
IONIC COVALENT
COCO22NaClNaCl
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A. Vocabulary
COMPOUND
TernaryCompound
BinaryCompound
2 elementsmore than 2
elements
NaNONaNO33NaClNaCl
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A. Vocabulary
ION
PolyatomicIon
MonatomicIon
1 atom 2 or more atoms
NONO33--NaNa++
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IONIC COVALENTBond Formation
Type of Structure
Solubility in Water
Electrical Conductivity
OtherProperties
e- are transferred from metal to nonmetal
high
yes (solution or liquid)
yes
e- are shared between two nonmetals
low
no
usually not
MeltingPoint
crystal lattice true molecules
B. Types of Bonds
Physical State solid liquid or gas
odorous
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“electron sea”
METALLICBond Formation
Type of Structure
Solubility in Water
Electrical Conductivity
OtherProperties
MeltingPoint
B. Types of Bonds
Physical State
e- are delocalized among metal atoms
very high
yes (any form)
no
malleable, ductile, lustrous
solid
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C. Bond Polarity
Most bonds are a blend of ionic and covalent characteristics
Difference in electronegativity determines bond type
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C. Bond Polarity
Electronegativity – Remember this? Attraction an atom has for a shared pair
of electrons. higher e-neg atom -
lower e-neg atom +
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C. Bond Polarity
Electronegativity Trend (p. 151) Increases up and to the right.
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Nonpolar Covalent Bond e- are shared equally symmetrical e- density usually identical atoms
C. Bond Polarity
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+ -
C. Bond Polarity
Polar Covalent Bond e- are shared unequally asymmetrical e- density results in partial charges (dipole)
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Nonpolar
Polar
Ionic
View Bonding Animations.
C. Bond Polarity
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C. Bond Polarity
Examples:
Cl2
HCl
NaCl
3.0-3.0=0.0Nonpolar
3.0-2.1=0.9Polar
3.0-0.9=2.1Ionic