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CIRCLE 4 ON READER SER\TCE CARD

IvlacFiordable: $449The \lacintoshl'fbr all its sophi$ication, hru

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the trlrtcl.arger'" l'icleo svstenr tiom Pou,er R, thefirst low-cost solution to magnif ing and rnultiplv-ing Xlacintosh displars.

Images get 70'); larger lvith Xlacl.arger butretain the llacintrish's flicker-fiee 511 x 312 resolu-tion. So lrn can actualll'.rae the r.l.onderful bLrt pre-viouslv pint-size things the Xlacintosh cloes.

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CIRCLE 7 ON READER SERVICE CARD

Volume 4. Number 12December 1987

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On the CoverCompoct discs move beyondmusic, The informotion storoge

technology for the l99O s,Cover photo by Mike Urbon

Mocintosh Horzons (ISSN8755-4909) is publishedmonthly by Apple Puget-Sound Progrom Librory Ex-chonge, 290 S W 43rd Street.Renton, Woshington 98055,Q06) 251-5222. Bosic srrbscript ion price is 521 per yeorM e m h e r s h i n i n A P P l F C o -op, which includes mogozinesubscript ion, is 526 per yeorplus o one-t ime S23 opprico-l ion fee Adcl i t iortoi postoge isrequired for First Closs orforeign del ivery,Second-closs postoge poidot Renton, Woshington, ondot oddit ionol moil ing off ices,POSTMASTER: Send oddresschonges to

Mocinlosh HorizonsAddresschonge,290 S,W, 43rd St.,

Renton. WA 98055,

EATURES

puge l0

' I-./'7r i /

page I8

The PlutoniumFinishing Plant

page 2 I

page 36

CD-ROMTimlvnn Bobitskv ond Jim SolmonsCD's put the whole world in your hands.

Hypermedio ond CD-ROMCro ig Rog londAn electronic maniage of convenience wil ltransfbrm the information world.

Kowosoki lnterviewFormer Apple software impresario enl ists in a

NewspopersJovce ThomosonMacintoshes invade the news world: scoops.deadlines. ci ty desks. and MacDraw.

DTP Cose HistoryJonine WestMacintosh Horizons bares i ts soul: How weput out a magazine using Mac technology.

MulliFinderJeff MeyerLeaming the art of appl icat ion juggl ing withApple's new Systenr sofiware.

HyperTolk TutoriolJeff StoddordLearn how to make your stacks talk.

Roikes TolkJeff RoikesMicrosoft 's marketing ace talks about the impactand future of the Mac II .

LUMNSpomdel 14Anorew HrmesThe world's biggest computer show hits LasVegas.

Out of My TreePhil l ip C, Russel lTips. quirks. rumors and tr icks.

Across the DesklopBil l KoyeA new version of Microsofi Works lands in the stores.

Rondom AccessKeith TolemonAn open letter to Microsott.

EPARTMENTSThe Zoom Box 5A.P.P.L.E. Co-op New Producls ond Speciols 25The Moc Morketploce 46A.P.P.L.E. Consullonls 45Member Services 45Adverliser Index 27

PRESIDENT: Bob HuelsdonkVICE PRESIDENTT Merle H, DovisTREASURER: DoveDeGrootSECRETARY: Dovid F, VonBerkemDIRECTORS: Michqel D, Bronhqm

Jock Conn ickDon Wil l ioms

EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR: Dick HubertGENERAL MANAGER: Don SteelePUBLISHER: Chor lesSt i l lmonAPDA DIRECTOR: Dove LingwoodMARKETINGT RichKnopton

EDITOR: Andrew HimesASSISTANI EDITOR: Jonine L. WestART DIRECTORT Michoel GilmoreEDITORIAL ASSISTANT: Kqrlo LondsverkCONTRIBUTORS:

Croig Roglond rMick O Neil .KeithTolemon oPhil Russel l .Jovce Thomoson

Jim Solmons .Timlynn Bobitsky oJeffMeyer .Douglos S. Froser oBil l Koye

TECHNICAL CONSU LTANTS:Shori Cornohon r Chorles Sti l lmon

CONTRIBUIING ARTISTS:Som DoY . Robert Wil l iomson

NATIONAL ADVERTISING MANAGER:Dovid Morton (206) 251-5222

PUBLIC RELATIONS MANAGERFronk Cotolono

Mocintosh Horizons is published monlhly by Apple Puget-Sound Llbrory Exchonge. 290 SW 43rd Slreet. Renton.Woshington 98055, (206) 251-5222 Bosic subscriptjonprice is 52l per yeor Membership in A.P P L.E Co-op.which includes mogoz ne subscription, is S26 per yeor p uso one-t me S23 opplicotion fee Addltiono postoge isrequired for Flrst Closs or Foreign dellvery

Entlre conlents copyrght o 1987 by Apple PugetsoundProgrom Librory Exchonge. All rghts reserued Authorsond odvert sers ore responsible for the occurocy of theirsubmitied moteria Opinions expressed do not necessar-ly represent those of A P.P.L E Co op App e users groupsmoy reprinl editoriol motler contoined heren for noncommercio purposes, provided outhor, t it le, ond publcotlon credits ore given, ond writ ien notice is sent to oureditorioi otfice

A P.P.L E. Co-op is on independenl suppod group ofApple product users. ond is noi offi l ioled wiih AppteComputer, Inc The following ore trodemorks of AppleComputer . inc . , i App ie . App le l l , App le l l+ . Appe le ,Apple l lc. Apple lGS, N/ocintosh, Mociniosh Plus, Mocin-tosh XL, Liso. lmogewriter. Loserwriter Plus, MocPotnt,Mocwriie. DOS 3.3. ProDOS, Applewriter. Appleworks.Applesofi. ond UniDisk 3 5

P r i n l e d i n U S A

Compact Disc - Read Only Memory:Science Future from the '40sTimlynn Babitsky and Jim Salmons

ompuler p ioneer Vunne-r a r Bush . i n h i r l i ) +5Atlantic Monthl;- artrcle"As We May' Think."envis ioned something hee a l l ed a "memer . " u h re h

he definedand library

as a "mechanized private fi le

Whi le Bush couldn ' t have predictedthe exact shape his vision of the futurewould take - a Macintosh running a hy-pertext application l ike HvperCard. fbrexample - he wouldn ' t have been sur-prised at how fast it is taking shape.'Developments in the optical publishingworld are bringing each of us our own"intimate supplements to memory." Thepace of change is astounding.

CD-ROM is a powerful breakthroughin intbrmation storage technology. and anexciting new educational tool that couldchange the way we think and learn. It is atthe center of an exploding revolution inelectronic publishing and one corner-stone ofa new age ofadvanced computercapabil it ies. (For a good overview of thelatest advances in computer technologysee the October 1987 issue of Scientif icAmencan.)

All this power is not just for a f 'eu fblksw ith bi-e monev and even bigger computerbudgets. CD-ROM products can be pro-duced and sold b1' nearll ' an1' compan)'and directl l used bv almost an1' buyer.allow'ing instant access by' manY to very

physical CD music discs apply to CD-ROM discs as wel l . CD-A and CD-ROMdiscs cost about the same to produce andpurchase. and they need no more specialhandling than that given by a l4 year old tohis/her Michael Jackson disc collection.

CD-ROM is apowerful breakthroughin information storagetechnology, andan exciting neweducational tool thatcould change the waywe think and learn.

large digital databases.Much of the excitement about CD-

ROM can be attributed to the CD-A(compact audio disc) revolution in thedistribution of music. Many of the samestandards governing production of the

M a c i n t o s h H o r i z o n s

What's So GreatAbout CD-ROM?

Although data stored on the CD-ROMis in digital fbrm - so retrieving andprocessing by computer is a natural -

CD-ROM technology is not an outgrowthof computer technology. It comes directlyout of LaserVision developments in theconsumer electronics industry nearlytwenty years ago. And it is the marriage oflaser optics data storage and computergenerated search and retrieval capabil it iesthat make this technology so powerful.

Even the Kitchen SinkEach CD-ROM disc can carry at least

550 megabytes of digital data-enough tohandle the contents of 1,200-1,500 stan-dard -5.25" wimp disks or almost 700

double s ided Mac d isks. A s ingle t l imsyfloppy can store 5 real-lif-e images or 3seconds of high quality audio data but aCD-ROM disc can store 5000 such im-ages or over an hour of quality music.

There is enough room on a single CD-ROM disc to hold 150.000 text pa-qes.l-5,000 sharp image documents, combi-nations of monochrome and/or color.moving and/or sti l l images and stereosound tracks. On the same disc can becombinations of word processor andspreadsheet program fi les as well as docu-ments, records and catalogs.

The extremely high density of a CD-ROM disc means compact. low-cost stor-age and, with laser technology. compara-tively fast retrieval.

Speed ThrillsUsing the Mac-tamiliar constant l in-

ear velocity (CLV) formar. the CD-ROMdisc spins at a speed inversely propor-tional to the radius being read, on theaverage, over 3,-500 rpm. A microscopicoptical head. f lying swift ly from track tot rack on a cushion of a i r l0 mi l l ionths ofan inch th ick. sk ims the d isc at near ly 100mph and positions itself unerringly overthe requested track on the disc. Any pieceof the vast array of infbrmation stored ona CD-ROM disc can be retrieved withinone second of when you ask fbr it.

Frisbee Anyone?CD-ROM discs are durable. Data is

stored as three-dimensional pits or "chan-

nels." burned into the master by a laserbeam. surrounded by f-lat surt'aces or" lands." Repl icat ion copies of th is chan-nelland surface are sandwiched betweena l ransparenl uppercoal ing and pro lect iveundercoating of polycarbonate plastic -the stutf used to make bullet proof shieldsand race dr ivers 'crash helmets.

Durin-e readout. a weaker. polarizedlaser beam is fbcused on the disc surlhce.When light strikes a pit it is dittracted.when it strikes the flat land between pits itis reflected. The modulated signal prcl-duced by reflected/diffracted l ight ismeasured by an objective lens. Decodedinformation derived I 'rom vlriutions inthe reflected l ight signal is converted todigital data which can then be used by acomputer.

Do not equate l ight sensi t iv i ty wi thCD-ROM fiagil ity. Since the objectivelens is several mil l imeters from the intbr-mation suriace, warped disks or improperpositioning in the drive won't cause

"crashes." Surface dirt and scratches onthe disc are ignored by the relatively widelaser beam sent through the disc by theCD-ROM drive to read infbrmation. And.since nothing in the read mechanism actu-ally touches the surf'ace of the disc. thereis no signal degradation over use. TheCD-ROM disc is every bit as teen-proofas is its musical CD-A counterpart. Andthat 's not the only s imi lar i ty .

Roll Over BeethovenTo get yourself started in the CD-

ROM revolut ion. vou' l l need to buy aCD-ROM peripheral drive to read yourcommerciallv prepared CD-ROM discs.

Analogous to a floppy disk drive. theCD-ROM c'lr ive is a rnodified version ofthc compact music disc player. one of themosl successfu l consumer e lect ronicproducts ever introciucecl. The CD-ROMdrive is thus based on a large. solid tech-nology that has increased in v is ib i l i ty and

There is enough room ona single CD-ROM disc tohold 150,000 text pages,15,000 sharp image docu-ments, combinations ofmonochrome andlorcolor, moving andlor stillimages and stereo soundtracks.

decreasecl in price by 8-5% over the pastthree years.

I f '1ou i r l re ldy oun a microcomputer .a l lyou need to buy is the CD-ROM dr ive.a controller interface board. CD-ROMsofiware and CD-ROM database ref'er-ence discs. An RS-232 serial port inter-face is inadequate fbr rapid data transferof large fi les between a CD-ROM andmicrocomputer. If your micro happens tobe a Macintosh. its SCSI bus interf 'acewill save you from having to spendmoney on a controller interfhce board andyou can put monev aside tbr the expectedrelease of the Mac version of MicrosotiBookshelfr\r or other commercial MacCD-ROM t i t les.

For a modest total cost of between$1000 to $ l -500. depending on the CD-ROM system you select. you can have theequivalent of a small city l ibrary on yourdesktop. This is assuming that you onlywant to find and read data - the technol-ogy ofl 'ered by a CD-ROM system. Towrite. erase or writeover data. be preparedto pay more serious dollars fbr one of theother L-OM (laser-optical media) tech-nologies.

What's Not So Great?Although the deck seems stacked in

tavor of CD-ROM. there are a number o1'issues to consider befbre you rush out andbuy a CD-ROM disc dr ive.

Let Them Use PencilsCD-ROM technology is Read Only

Memory. You cannot write, erase, write

D e c e m b e r 1 9 8 7

over, corect errors, add data or edit a disconce it has been mastered and reproduced.For unchanging or historical data basesCD-ROM is an inexpensive, reliablevehicle to use for information storage andretrieval. But for quickly aging databases,it 's not the best alternative

Encyclopedias, dictionaries, legalcasebooks, medical references, zip codedirectories and whole libraries of litera-ture, graphics and video or audio informa-tion are most suitable for storage on a CD-ROM disc. Business and market informa-tion. with its quickly changing catalogsand documents. works bet ter wi thWORM (Write Once Read Many),DRAW (Direct Read After Write) andEDOD (Erasable Digital Optical Disk)optical publishing systems.

Because you cannot copy, backup orpersonally reproduce copies of a CD-ROM disc. every disc must be commer-cially purchased unless produced with in-house equipment - not as easy a task asyou might assume. Production of just oneCD-ROM database can cost from $ 10,000to $30,000 depending upon the complex-ity involved. so CD-ROM technology isnot for those who need a few archivecopies of a large database. And, if youwant to produce anything other than anASCII fbrmatted CD-ROM database youmay quickly run into disc capacity l imits.

Still Hungry?A formatted CD-ROM disc holds over

550 mill ion bytes of data stored in ASCIIformat. Impressive as this is, capacityshrinks if you want to store high resolu-tion bit-mapped images (about 500.000bytes of storage space per standard pageimage). A CD-ROM disc can hold onlyabout I 000 such images, and this excludessharing that disc with text. indexes, oper-ating systems and post retrieval process-ing programs. If you want a high volumecombination of text and image, CD-ROMstorage limits become real and restrictive.And don't be fooled by clever advertising.

A manufacturer may claim that its CD-ROM disc holds 600 megabyte, not theusual 550 megabyte of data. Befbre youplunk down more money for the increasedstorage capabil it ies, you need to knowabout industry standards.

The Compact Disc Standard specifiesdata formats. basic channel and errorcorrection coding schemes (ECC) as wellas the physical structure of the disc itself.No variations in track pitch, block struc-ture, ECC, or any physical attribute of aCD-ROM are permitted.

The standardized lavout of the CD-

ROM disc provides for about 74 minutesworth of sequential data (the amount oftime it takes to read the CD-ROM spiral ofdata from first to last byte - just as youwould time the play of a phonograph rec-ord from beginning to end). Most produc-ers l imit the disc to 60 minutes (about 553megabyte) of data spiral because the outer5 mm of the disc. the last 14 minutes ofplay time, are the hardest to make well andkeep clean. The 553 megabyte of storageavailable at 60 minutes jumps to 682megabyte at 74 minutes, but there arefewer guarantees in that final stretch.

Don't be fooled. Advertised disc ca-pacity above or below the typical 550megabyte reflects the length of the dataspiral in use, not the quality ofthe disc orthe technology used to produce it. If yourneed exceeds CD-ROM megabyte l imits,or if speed alone is your purchase bench-mark, you may have to accept the mag-disk trade-off.

The Hare and the TortoiseRevisited

Although CD-ROM offers longer av-erage shelf lif'e. greater durability andlarger storage capacity than magneticdisks. there is the issue of speed. Currentoptical drives offer considerably less per-fbrmance than magnetic drives in terms ofthroughput.

CD-ROM throughput. a combinationof access time and retrieval t ime. is"modest." Access time includes the microinstants needed to position (radial t ime)then stabil ize (settl ing time) the head overthe requested data track and the time spentwaiting for the desired sector to spinunderneath the head (latency). Accesstime is where the storage capacity andthroughput trade-off really occurs.

By recording CD-ROM discs in CLVmode, data can be densely packed allalong the data spiral. This requires pro-portional shifts in disc rotation speed asthe optical head races from the inner coreto the outer edge to find requested tracks.To get from any one point on the dataspiral to any other, the optical head musttraverse the entire data track. And opticalheads have a larger mass than magneticheads so they cannot be rapidly movedfrom track to track.

On the other hand, magnetic disks re-corded at a Constant Angular Velocity(CAV) spread out the data proportion-ately in concentric rings divided intoequal-sized sectors. The floppy disk read-head can rapidly skip from one location toanother reducing throughput. The bottom

M a c i n t o s h H o r i z o n s

line is less data fits on a floppy disk butyou can access it more quickly.

How fast is slow? Typical radial ac-cess times are 500 mill iseconds for CD-ROM drives and between 40 to 70 mill i-seconds for Winchester magnetic drives.Data transfer rates of CD-ROM are about1.3 megabits per second. This speed putsCD-ROMs between Winchester harddrives. at about 5 megabits/sec andfloppy disks, at 250 kilobits/sec. Ifspeedoverr ides your g igant ic-capaci ty-on-a-durable-medium wish l ist. what can Isay?

Taking a BiteFrom the CD-ROM Apple

Speed be hanged. you'l l go for gigan-tic capacity? You have a data base justbegging for CD-ROM publication?Great! But it 's not as easy as you think.

There is a great tendency to underes-timate the task difficulties involved in

Speed be hanged, you'llgo for gigantic capacity.You have a data base just

begging for CD-ROMpublication? Great ! Butit's not as easy as youthink.

creating a CD-ROM database. Unlike pro-duction ofthe physical disc itself, there arenot yet recognized standards in databaseproduction. So where do we begin?

Let's assume you have an existing dataset, perhaps stored on paper. microfilm ormicrofiche. The first step is to convert thedata to a magnetic, computer-readablestorage medium, probably a nine-trackmagnetic tape. Each of the usual methodsto do this - keyboard entry, optical charac-ter recognition and raster scanning - hasproblems and pitfalls related to human er-ror in the preparation of an unalterabledatabase.

Once the data is stored on magnetictape, the next step is data cleanup andconversion. Text embedded fomattingcodes, duplicate or extraneous data, incon-sistencies in both style sheets and embed-ded codes and operating system anomaliesoften combine to harry even the moststraightforward database conversion.

Once the data is cleaned. the CD-ROM

database is extracted by organizing theraw di l tu in to the pre l iminary st ructurethat wil l be used on the disc. The most fre-quently used data must be identif ied andplaced in an optimum location on the discto take full advantage of the technology.Access and retrieval t imes can be si-cnifi-cantly atfected by data layout and design.Equally important is the database index.

Although database standards are notyet determined in this nascent technol-ogy, two most commonly used indexingtechniques have enterged - free textindexing (FTI) and the indexed sequent ia laccess method ( ISAM). FTI is typ ical lvused fbr encyclopedias and other textualdata bases. The ISAM system is ntoresuitable fbr numerical and other types ol'structured data.

A number of vendurs otfer the do-it-yoursel f CD-ROM publ isher indexingsystems and the tools tbr building appli-cat ions that use them. But don' t underes-timate the complexity. t ime and expenserequired to index a CD-ROM database.

There are other data preparation stepsthat may involve your database. Somedata must be compressed to fit on a CD-ROM. then decompressed befbre it can beused. The data fi les createcl during data-base extraction and indexing must beturned into a CD-ROM accessible fi lesystem.

The help ofan experienced data prepa-ration vendor or an in-house system ana-lyst is cruc ia l a t th is s tep in the process. es-pecially if your database runs signifi-cantly larger than 20 to 210 MB.

Designing and creating a fi iendly userappl ication is vital to the financial successof a CD-ROM project. But one of the ntostimportant budget concerns involves cre-ating the disc image to be sent to the CD-ROM manufaclurer . The magnet ic tapedelivered to the CD-ROM manuf'acturerwil l be put onto masters then plastic rep-licas without too many checks along theway. Mistakes here wi l l be cost ly , usual lya minimum of several thousand dollars.and time consuming.

Finalizing the premastered disc fbrmaster ing and repl icat ion again requi resspecialized expertise. The laser burnedglass master disc must mirror the premas-ter disc befbre a metal plate stamper isproduced to create positive disc replica-tions. Verif ication of the accuracy of themaster wil l only be as good as the manu-f'acturing tacil i ty handling the process.

Finally. the master is ready to be rep-licated. Although most CD-ROM manu-facturers presently use injection moldreplication methods, photo polymeriza-

tion and continuous printing and emboss-ing methods are potentially cost-effectivealternatives.

In in ject ion mold ing. d isc molds f i l ledwith a hot polycarbonate plastic arestamped with the image fiom the master.Then. retlective aluminum and protectivelacquer are applied befbre labeling theCD-ROM disc. And the product is readyto roll out to rnarket.

Sound like a piece of cake'l The exper-t ise of a CD-ROM specia l is t who under-stands the power and sophistication of thetechnolo-ef is invaluable in a CD-ROMpublication project. This "systems inte--qrator" wil l select. develop and integratethe hardware and software necessary forthe project. determine the fi le structure.d isc lavout and index fbr the CD-ROM.create and test the premaster tape andoversee the project through the finalmanufacturing process.

A CD-ROM can be produced withoutthe help of a systems integrator. but youwon't necessarily save money by doingso. In-house costs run high for new tech-nical personnel. production hardware andspace. and especially for the trial and errorprocess of producing a CD-ROM prod-uct. Since manv svstems integrators workcooperatively with CD-ROM manufac-turer \ . lhe\ are in l r posi t ion to guaranleefhst turnarounds tbr product developmentthat small CD-ROM entrepreneurs can-not easi lv match.

The December. 1987 issue of CD-ROM reviei 'u' offers an extensive l istingfbr data preparation services and domes-tic mastering and replication f 'acil i t ies.This issue a lso has a comprehensive d i -rectorv ol ' cunently available CD-ROMdisc t i t les.

Microsoti Press publications cited atthe end ofthis article devote several chao-ter \ lo the u hole area o l CD-ROM oub-l ish ing. There l re issues of copyr ights.marketing and distribution to consider.The polit ics of infbrmation access wil l bethe topic of debate fbr years to come

Riding the Bottom LineWe are on the verge of a major techno-

logical shift in the way we handle intbr-mat ion. CD-ROM. WORM. EDOD.magnetic devices. optical devices. mag-neto-optical technologyl Some writershave called CD-ROM and its laser-ootic\ is ter tcchnologies a regenesis in the i ie ldof publ ish ing.

CD-ROM conferences right now arebeing scheduled a l l over the U.S. for 1988

D e c e m b e r 1 9 8 7

- "the year of the CD-ROM" by numer-ous industry analysts. Library scienceprograms are doing comparative CD-ROM database studies at major universi-t ies here and in Great Britain.

Commercial CD-ROM products arerapidly appearing for libraries and ar-chive houses as well as medical, legal andgeographic markets. Database standardsare being argued out in board rooms atmajor publishing houses here and abroad.And Microsofi Press has just publishedtwo classic ref'erence volumes on CD-ROM cal l ing th is technology " the newpapyrus."

CD-ROM is a tar-reaching innovationthat promises much in data storage tech-nologies for advanced computing. Yer itmay be only the tip of the iceberg in whatthe future holds. Should you rush to investyour time and monev in a CD-ROM sys-tem now or wait and see'l Only you andyour pocketbook can answer that one.

About the authorsTintlyntt Babitsky and .l int Sulnutns

are Vice Presidertt und President,respe(-tiveb. ol . lFS Consulting of Tustin CA. aresettrch, hrokerage, tlevelopntent andcrtntnturtit'utittns.firnt speL iaIi:ing in mi-( roc onq) ute r so I uti 0 n s.f or tou g h re se arc hand business problents.

References:CD-ROM. The Neu' Papt'nts. and CD

Ront 2.. S. Lambert & S. Ropiequet.Opt ica l Publ ish ing, 1987Microsoft Press.

CD-ROM ancl Optical Publishin,q S,-s-rents, T. Hendley, (Cimtech Publ i -cat ion 26) 1987. avai lable f rom Meck-ler Publishing Corp. Westport CT.

C D - RO M R eyi ev'. November,December1987. CW Communicat ions.Peterborough NH.

S ci e ntif i t ' Ameri ca n, October I 987,New York NY.

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Hypermedia, CD-ROM andDisctop PublishingHyperCard and CD TechnologY:A Perted Match

Craig Ragland

he vast majority of cur-rently available CD-ROMproducts are relatively bor-ing, text-only data sets.almost exclusively foundwi th in the domain of

MSDOS compatible computers. They in-clude imrnense amounts of f inancial data,bibliographic catalogs, and a variety ofother database-like reference works. Us-ing these products is similar to using on-line. dial-up services.

wi l l Macintosh-based CD-ROMproducts follow this path'l I think not. Anumber of text-only data sets wil l be suc-cessfully marketed for the Mac, but Iexpect their overall impact to be slight incontrast to the much richer graphic andsound hypermedia information worldswhich are possible on the Mac.

This article considers recent (or soonto be announced) developments whichgive Mac owners reason to really be ex-cited about the coming HyPermediaMacintosh CD-ROM Products. I alsospeculate a bit about the long-term evolu-tion of hypermedia. I do not considerother forms of CD-ROM Publishing,some of which are currently available forthe Mac.

Desktop Publishing, DisctoPPublishing

Just as page laYout Programs allowMac users to produce attractive and well-designed paper-based publications, hy-permedia software (l ike Apple's Hyper-Card and OWL's Guide) allows Macusers to produce attractive and well-de-signed digital publications. Most of thehardware requirements fbr serious desk-top publishers and serious disctop pub-lishers (if you wil l) are very similar.These include Macintoshes, hard drives,

scanners and/or video digit izers. Thedisctop publisher wil l additionally useaudio digit izing equipment for addingcustom sounds.

Both types of publishers require a dis-tribution media. This is typically paperfbr the desktop publisher and some formof digital media for the disctop publisher.Desktop publishers often use laser print-ers and/or Linotronic typesetters to pro-duce their paper-based publications.

M a c i n t o s h H o r i z o n s

Disctop publishers have fbur basic mediaaltematives (with some variations). Theseinclude floppy disks, hard drives, onlinedistribution. and CD-ROM discs. Themedia you choose will depend principallyon the size of yourhypermedia applicationand the economics of distribution (a topicbeyond the scope of this article).

Desktop publishing and disctop pub-lishing also share several of the elementsrequired for successful authoring. While

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anyone (with the proper equipment andsoftware) can publish using either plat-form, successful authoring requires skil lsand knowledge. Some of the elementsrequired for successful authoring include:. Knowledge of the subject matter.. Understanding of the audience's

needs.. Abil ity to communicate clearly using

the reader/user' s language.. Strong sense of visual design.. Close attention to detail.. Good organizational skil ls.

Multi-media Publishing on theDisctop

Like desktop publishing. it is fairlyeasy to create the disctop equivalent of asingle page flyer or resum6 - check outany public domain collection to see amultitude of l i tt le, relatively insignificantHypercard stacks (though there are manypearls out there too). Creating significantdisctop publications requires the samelevel of dedication, stamina, and creativ-ity as writ ing a book.

There are more dift'erences than simi-larit ies between these two fbrms of pub-lishing, though. The process ofdesigningand creating hypermedia is a much richerexperience than designing graphics andtext for l inear. paper-based publishing.Paper is inherently two-dimensional.while hypermedia has no dimensionality.s ince l inks betueen an) two points arepossible and the l inks can even changeover time.

Since hypermedia can do new thingsbased on the input of the user (instead ofjust passively sitt ing there). it has muchgreater f lexibil i ty and is more adaptableto the needs of the end user. Disctoppublications have the potential for pre-senting information using a multitude offormats and/or organizations based on theuser's request.

Desktop publications impose theauthor's fbrmat or organization on thereader. Some hypermedia programs. likeHyperCard, can present the same data setusing a multitude of fbrmats. Unlikedesktop publishing, disctop publishingreally is true WYSIWYC (What You SeeIs What You Get). With disctop publish-ing, what you see on the screen is the finalproduct, instead of a digital emulation ofpaper. In my opinion, the differencesbetween the two media make paper lookp r e t t y t h i n ( s e e m y A u g u s t ' 8 1MacA.P.P.L.E. article fbrother aspects ofpaper vs. digital publishing).

Perhaps the most important similarity

between desktop and disctop publishing,is that neither endeavor requires specialprogramming expertise. By contrast withtypical computer applications, hyperme-dia CD-ROM products wil l be inibrma-tion-based. and require the more tradi-tional knowledge of authors rather thanprogrammers.

However. just as there are manybooks. articles. and brochures publishedwhich take poor advantage of the printmedium, there wil l manv hvpermedia

A number of text-onlydata sets will besuccessfully marketedfor the Mac, but Iexpect their overallimpact to be slight in

contrast to the muchricher graphic andsound hypermediainformation worldswhich are possible onthe Mac.

CD-ROM products which would greatlybenefit f iom better design. When thecomplexities of a non-linear structure areadded to a publishin_e media. the potentialfbr design problems increases by severalorders of magnitude. I expect hypermediaCD-ROM products to generally be thebrainchildren of experts or enthusiasts inparticular f ields of knowledge.

When such experts combine theirknowledge with good hypermedia de-sign. the result wil l be magic. As theremarkable success of desktop publishinghas proven. there are a great many peoplewho want to publish infbrmation -disctop publishing just provides a betterplatform.

Hallelujah for HyperCard !The most noteworthy recent develop-

ment tbr would-be disctop publishers wasApple's August I lth release of Hyper-Card. HyperCard is a superb developmentplatfbrm fbr CD-ROM-based hypeme-dia projects. It takes excellent advantageof the Mac's graphics capabil it ies andsound production, and lets the author eas-ily define non-sequential access to this

D e c e m b e r 1 9 8 7

envlronment.Macintosh H orizon's continuing cov-

erage of HyperCard is appropriate. sinceHyperCard is a most important product ina genre of sofiware which wil l have amajor impact.

The appropriateness of CD-ROM fbrthe HyperCard developer quickly be-comes obvious when you create Hyper-Card stacks dealing with large or complexinfbrmation sets. It is very easy to buildvery large HyperCard infbrmation sys-tems. particularly if you bring data from anexist ing dalu set or u\e memory- intensiveresources l ike digit ized sounds or graph-ics. This is not really a l imitation of theHyperCard system. which performs quitewell with large data sets (unless you aredoing multiple record calculations thatinvolve number-crunching).

It rather points out the l imitation ofcurrent storage media when dealing withricher types of information. Largeamounts of bitmapped graphics, sound,and text require large amounts of storage.Shipping products on multiple 800K flop-pies becomes impractical rather quickly asthe size of information systems spanmegabytes. A complex HyperCard SalesSupport system which I 'm developing fora major corporation presently consists ofabout 30 stacks and so far consumes about2 megs of disk space. This system is onlypartially complete. and only a minisculesample (l-2c/o) of the final data set hasbeen loaded. In addition. some of the train-ing modules which wil l make heavy use ofsound resources are only conceptualized.

You Gotta Put lt Some PlaceRich data sets require large storage

capacities.If you (l ike me) are among the many

Mac users who started on an Apple II, youmay recall how big and vast the 400 or800K floppy disks seemed when you madethe change. Perhaps you (l ike me) thenpurchased a vast 20 Meg hard drive, then a40, then. . . Well. the 550 Megs a CD-ROMdrive can access seem vast right now, butI predict that even CD-ROMs will begin tolook pretty small as we start to manipulateand control ever richer data types, like full-motion video (even video compressionschemes like RCA's DVI technology onlypartially reduce the problem).

If you have wondered why Apple isbundling HyperCard with all new Macs,recall that it requires a minimum of I Megand consumes hard drive space at a prodi-gious rate. Especially with MultiFinder,many people consider a 2 Meg machinethe present minimum configuration for

1 1

serious Mac-ing. Then recallthat Apple isin the business of se l l ing hardware. . .Also. according to trade magazines.Apple wil l be releasing a CD-ROMcompatible version of HyperCard at theJanuary MacWorld Expo.

Getting Your Graphics in GearWhile the rich, bit-mapped graphics

environment of HyperCard is currentlylimited to black-and-white and the stan-dard Mac screen size, these seem likely tochange (and there are not that many of usMac II users out here). A more significantl imitation is about to be eliminated by thecreative fblks at MacroMind. HyperCardanimation is achieved either throughcard-fl ipping, or manipulating bitmapobjects with the various paint tools underprogram control. While this allows some:t r ik ing animat ion sequences. i t is qui tecrude compared to sprite-based anima-tion - which allows the creator to assigndiff'erent sirnultaneous behaviors to dif-f 'erent objects. MacroMind wil l shortlybegin shipping Hypercard extensions(XCMDs) which allows HyperCard toplay Videoworks Il-created animationsequences. Anyone who has seen amaz-ing Videoworks II creatic.rns on a Mac IIwil l not seriously consider HyperCardcard- f l ipp ing for s igni f icant animat ioncreatlon.

HyperCard developers wil l be able tocreate scripts which play predefined ani-mation sequences - and since Vid-eoWorks l l already takes advantage oflarger screen sizes and color on the MacII, current VideoWorks II developmentinvestment wil l not be lost as HyperCardgains these capabil it ies. VideoWorks hasan authoring language of its own designedspecifically tbr animation instead of hy-permedia. I expect VideoWorks anima-tion sequences to become a standardcomponent of CD-ROM hypermediaproducts. MacroMind is, quite cleverly,planning to give away the XCMD "pro-

jector" code - though you wil l need topurchase VideoWorks II to create se-quences fbr your hypermedia products.

Auditory ll lusionsHyperCard also has interesting sound

capabil it ies, though they are currentlylimited to a single voice at once. In addi-tion to the two provided digit ized sounds,"Harpsichord" and "Boing," developerscan easily add new sounds using an audiodig i t izer . Using Impulse 's Audio Dig-it izer and its excellent sound editorSoundWave. I have added numerous

sounds to various Hypercard stacks.Some very intriguing ef-fects are possibleusing custom recorded sounds.

The ones which I f ind most interestinginvolve simple voice passages. Given theabil ity to randomly control phrases. somespectacular training applications aremade possible. Combining sound andgraphics wil l let even pre-reading chil-dren have amazing power over verycomplex sets of information. and cer-tainly wil l be used to help them learn toread. The greatest problem with soundsamples is the large storage requi rementsfbr sounds of significant duration. Gee, doyou think Compact Discs could be used tostore digit ized sounds? Audio CompactDiscs prove their value! Look tbr somefascinating sound capabil it ies in hyper-media CD-ROM products.

Video VictoriousControll ing true video infbrmation (as

Creating significantdisctop publicationsrequires the samelevel of dedication,stamina, andcreativity as writinga book.

opposed to computer-generated) is alsocurrently f 'easible using HyperCard incon junction with Interactive Laser VideoDisks. Apple has provided several videodisc drivers on the HyperCard Develop-ers Toolkit which is available tiom theApple Programmers and DevelopersAssociationrM (APDA). Several applica-tions using this technology were demon-strated at MacWorld Expo this past Au-gust .

I 've had the opportunity to work withVideoDiscovery, Inc. on their Hyper-Card-based BioSci Directory. This pro-gram lets you directly access 6,000 sti l limages and a couple hundred fi lm clipswhich reside on an analog Laser VideoDisk. As you click on HyperCard buttonson the Mac's screen, ditferent images arepresented on a television monitor, whilethe Mac presents descriptive material onthe image or sequence.

I view the currently available technol-

M a c i n t o s h H o r i z o n s

ogy of computer-controlled InteractiveLaser Video as an interesting develop-ment environment for exploring suchfuture capabil it ies. Using a computer todrive Interactive Laser Video (which issometimes called Level 3 InteractiveVideo), allows developers to randomlyaccess video sti l ls or sequences. Explor-ing non-sequential control of video mediais of paramount importance for would-behypermedia publi shers. Eventually, simi-lar control will be placed in the hands ofmost television "users" and those of usexperienced at working with such powerwi l l be wel l posi t ioned.

The broadest impact of hypermediaCD-ROM technology wil l involve inte-grat ion in to the ex is t ing enter la inmentmedia, migrating into the home in theform of mass-market consumer products(a proposed standard for such a device isCDI - Compact Disc Interactive).

Reading the HyperTeaLeavesI expect hypermedia to become the

presentation technology of choice formost entertainment and educational ma-terial published for these "l itt le blackboxes." You can expect the future rela-tives of these boxes to sit between ourcables and our home enter ta inment sys-tems. They wil l provide a variety of enter-tainment and personal data managementservices and thus transform today's tele-vision viewers into users. These users wil lhave an amazing degree of control overtheir entertainment f 'are as well as othertbrms of information.

These future black boxes will learnwhat we are interested in by watching ourbehavior, and then gather appropriatematerials fbr our pleasure or edification.The more we use the system, the moreappropriate its behavior will be.

Future remote controls will probablyfeature trackballs to control pointingdevices and wil l let the users interact withtheir video. in much the way we use miceto control our Macs. Video wil l go non-linear,just l ike other data. Today's use ofthe VCR to simply time-shift l inear pro-grams wil l seem amazingly primitivecompared with future capabilities.

John Scul ley, Apple Computer 'sPresident. recently showed a video fromApple's l9tl7 sales meeting which de-picted Apple's 1997 20th Aniversary(instead of focusing on their current lOthAniversary). In this wildly creative video,a future Macintosh presented variousvideo clips it had gathered for the viewerovernight.

Products like HyperCard are the first

1 2

step toward personal infbrmation agents(ald Alan Kaye). It seems much morelikely that stand-alone boxes instead ofpresent-day Macintosh boxes wil l be theultimate form. And some of the far-outMacintosh designs shown in the Applevideo (including a l itt le cartridge beinginserted into an Apple-logo'ed devicewhich looked like hi-tech sunglasses)made it clear that Apple is looking towarda future which is more or less device-independent. Such devices wil l inevitablylet you control vast amounts of data eitherlocally (on CD-ROMs in the immediatefuture) or from online services (fbr fastchanging data. such as news. etc.).

Sculley and His "Navigator"

In his new book, Odr'. i.re-r'. Sculley dis-cusses a future device he calls the "Knowl-

edge Navigator." He says it 's "a discov-erer of worlds, a tool as galvanizing as theprinting press." Such devices wil l eventu-ally be the dominant tool foreducation andfor access to all kinds of personal andbusiness infbrmation. including entertain-ment. They wil l begin to make availablean altemative, digital reality. In the moredistant future. direct neural links seemlikely (see Will iam Gibson's cyberpunknovels ,Vsrroman(er or Count Zero for ahard-edged view of such a future). Directneural control and sensation wil lplace theuser experientially into the alternativereality. Will this be the next user interf'acewhich makes the present day graphic userinterfaces seem so primitive? Some prettysubstantial brain science advances are re-quired, but that is also a very fast-movingfield.

This far out stuff is just that. Right now.the availablity of commercial hypermediasoftware l ike OWL International's Guide

and Apple's HyperCard has brought hy-permedia out of the exclusive domain ofacademia and into the business and edu-cational community. at least for those far-sighted enough to realize the benetits. Agreat many types of inlbrmation are toosofi or fuzzy to be easily managed by themuch more rigid, tradrtional data basemanagement systems.

As a presentation technology, hyper-media brings great power and controlover this "fuzzy" data. Traditional databases. which rely exclusively on algo-rithmic l inks between data. do not havenearly the flexibil i ty or abil ity that wehuman beings have to associate contextu-ally. Hypermedia systems allow creativehumans to produce complex, interactivedata systems fbr use by others or forpersonal use. Combining creative design,hypermedia sofiware, CD-ROMs. andthe Apple Macintosh can bring spectacu-lar levels of control over enorrnous datasets to a computer i l l i terate. The computerliterate wil l be able to create such systemsand modify existing systems to meet theirparticular needs. This wil l change theworld.

About the AuthorCraig Ragland is an intlependent

hvpermedia Consultqnt. He wtrks u'ithvar i ous c onrytuni e s intp I eme nt i n g, M ac i n-tosh-based, nti.red-ntedia inlbrmatiortsolutions artd can be reached at (206)840- I 108.

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SemperSoft'Modula-2

For the MacintoshProgrammer's Workshop

SemperSoft, the frrst Modula-2compiler written expressly for theMacintosh, puts MacintoshrM flrrst!

.Now, at your request, SemperSoftware brings you another frrst:duplicate iibraries give you thechoice of mixed upper- andlower-case or all lower-case..IJse our latest module to makeyour programs MultiFinderfriendly..Our libraries include everyconstant, variable, data structure,and procedure from InsideMacintosh Volumes I through V(even those marked "[Not inROMI"). The number of modulesyou have to import flrom isdrastically reduced because we putall of Inside Macintosh volumes Ithrough III into a single module..Our compiler generates native68000 code with calling conventionsand data representation compatiblewith MPW Pascal: Call or be calledfrom Pascal, assembler, or ROMwithout glue..Our generic HANDLE type meansno type transfers are needed formemory or resource management..We support Pascal-style STRINGsas well as Modula-2's own. andinclude string-manipulation librarymodules for both types. We supportboth inline and out-of-line codeprocedures..All the source code used in thelibraries is included..Natural ly you get the convenienceand power of Modula-2's separatecompilation, procedure types andvariables, absolute-addressvariables, open array parametersand the portable, standard librariesfor "quick and dirty" programs!.The Sieve ofEratosthenes writtenin SemperSoft Modula-2 runs in4.52 seconds on a Macintosh SE.

SemperSoft Modula-2 $125with full MPW (Release 2.0, $285requires 1 Meg)

ar aLDemperDoftwareP.O. Box 225Glen E l lyn , lL 60138(312) 790-1253

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December's fbnt of the month is LaserPerfect Athina, distributed by NeoscribeIntemational of East Haven. Conneticut. a companv that develoos custom fbnts.characters. and logotypes for PostScript prinlers. LiserPerfecr Arhina conlains lnecomplete set of characters necessary for writing both Ancient and Modern Greek. andis dist inguished from otherGreek fonts by i ts abi l i ty to make use ofseveral keyboardlayouts. such as modern Greek and transliterated Greek (where a=alpha. b=beta, etc.).

D e c e m b e r 1 9 8 7 1 3

:- . - - - -

COTVIDEXAndrew Himes

t was appropriate, given the radical transfbrmationstaking place in the computer industry. that COMDEX/Fall

'87 should retum to Las Vegas, the citadel ofhype.

high stakes and high rollers, the habitat of big winnersand big losers.

In the midst of countless booths and displays. surg-

Computer Company. Three piece suits were more evident thanthe unorthodox attire of certain Macintosh luminaries (thebril l iant and beautiful yellow print shirt of Macromind's MarcCantor comes to mind). Big disc drives. big monitors, and big

i n g c r o w d s o f e x h i b i t o r s . M l S m a n a g e r s . h a c k e r s . s a l e s t l p e s . F : - - z r t . | 2 . . - - - - r - - . . - - - 2 .and press people. ir was easy ro get loit. I don't knou hou manr ItlVen Ine f0grcAl UAlrSf OfmAnOlrSt imes I started to wend my way f iom one part of the massive Las t - t- !vegas convention cenrercomplex. say rrom o#;;:''i;';il: taking place in the computer

:fi'":f l'"tH,t lJ.: :iil1ili".o1,::l;.".lTi,". ::: i:T ;Ilil in du s try, it w a s ap p r o p riat e th atcassette recorder. only to become totally confused by the

COMDEX1FAll tST

ShOUldmammoth floor layout.

The Business compurer Mecca return to Las Vegas, the citadelCoMDEX. if you haven't heard, is to the entire computer Of hype, high StgkgS And high

industry what the Macworld Expo is to the Macintosh universe. ,rFrom November 2-6. Las vegas artracted a record 10-5.000 fOllefS, the hAbitAt Of bigcomputer afficiandos who barnstormed around a gargantuanshow floor to look at 1.500 exhibits. got trampled by herds of Wlnnefs And big lOSefS.their fellow attendees. eschewed both nutrit ional tbod andsufficient sleep for days on end while making enthusiastic andunbudgeted charitable contributions to the Las Vegas economyat all hours of the day and night.

I did no gambling at all, myself. of course, unless you countthe $12.25 I lost over three days in a steady stream of quarters.By Wednesday it was abundantly clear that I hadn't practicedenough on the Macintosh version of Vegas Video Poker.

This was abusiness computer show. All the big players werehere fiom the world that revolves around the star of the Bie Blue

tape backup units were everywhere. along with countlessspreadsheet. database. and document processing products. Aswith the Macworld convention in August, the key phrases,endlessly repeated. were "networking" and "connectivity."

The Big News (Yawn)On the surface of things, the big news belonged to IBM, which

M a c i n t o s h H o r i z o n s

announced that it had sold its 1,000,000th PS/2 system(whoopee), and claimed that Microsoft would be shipping OS/2 (IBM's new multitasking system) in mid-December.I have togive IBM credit for trying real hard to make a big splash (couldit be they're trying to learn something from Apple's panachewith new product announcements?) but the IBM dog and ponyshow was much less than impressive.

It's not surprising that IBM has sold a bunch of computers,given its marketing resources and domination of the industry.And the OS/2 release announcement contained more hype thansubstance. The fully implemented version of OS/2 won't shipuntil next summer, the hesentation Manager (which will be OS/2's graphical interface) won't ship until October, and we are stilla full 18 months away from any important software packageswhich will be able to take advantage of its features. A majorimpact of OS/2, with its graphics-intensive and Mac-like userinterface, seems to be that a lot of people who have beenembedded in the MS-DOS world are taking a good hard look atthe Macintosh.

Apple's COMDEX StrategyApple had no new hardware or software to talk about so soon

after its earth-shaking Macworld Expo announcements, but itdid have a focussed and well-planned presence at COMDEXafter a two-year absence. Apple had an entirely different set ofstrategic objectives in mind than IBM. Apple used its meetingroom off the main floor of the convention center as a showcasefor its satellite community of 3rd party developers. All day longmajor new applications were being demonstrated, two at a time,at the twin podiums and big screen Mitsubishi color monitorsApple had set up.

A section of the room was devoted to showcasing productsfrom Apple's VAR's, or value-added resellers, companies thatbuy Macintoshes from Apple and add software and hardwareperipherals to make up a package for business, industrial, andscientific applications. Some of the new VAR's on display wereInterleaf (makers of a high-end electronic publishing softwarepackage for the Mac II, TechSouth (a developer of turnkeysystems for corporate, commercial, and directory publishingmarkets), and Dynamac (the developer of a laptop, reconfiguredMacintosh).

Apple's crew of Software Evangelists were in evidence, ledby Bob Perez, and the main problem the Apple people generallyhad was figuring out how to talk to four different people at once.

By contrast, IBM's setup - which included a full 100 seatmulti-media theater and occupied about 2500 feet of floor space,was sparsely populated most of the time. Their theater showswere well-attended, but the presentation (starring Radar andFather Mulcahey from M.A.S.H. in blue suits having an awk-ward and artificial conversation about multi-tasking with OS/2)was boring, lackluster, and generated little applause from anapparently jaded audience.

Agenda - Hyperstutf for MS-DOS?The only new MS-DOS software I noticed generating any

heat was Quattro, a "next generation" spreadsheet from Borland,and something called Agenda, from Lotus. Agenda is beingbilled as "personal information management" software, and wasmentioned by a number of people on various panels in the samebreath with Apple's HyperCard. Agenda seems to be a kind ofhypertext system that Lotus says "allows you to collect andcategorize unstructured information and look at that informationfrom every conceivable angle, so you can work the way you

think." Agenda uses things called "Items" and "Categories"

instead ofHyperCard's graphics-based "Cards" and "Stacks". Itsounds interesting, maybe even remarkable for someone who'sbeen wedded to the MS-DOS all-text standard, but it doesn'timpress me near as much as HyperCard, even with the Appleproduct's current l imiutions.

QMS hit the big time with its new company called LaserConnection. They debuted several new products. One was anastounding new Postscript-based four color process printerthey'll be shipping in early spring. The colors were breathtak-ingly beautiful, and I deeply regretted the fact that it will retailfor $20,000. That price is a bit steep for my budget, especiallyafter I lost $ 12.25 in the casino slots. I'll try to keep in mind howmuch the original Apple LaserWriter cost in order to keep myhopes up. Laser Connection's other new products, all impres-sive, were a flatbed scanner, a 1000 sheet feeder for Canon SX-based laser printers, and a very fast, high-volume laser printerthat supports PostScript.

Aldus upped the ante in the desktop publishing game byintroducing PageMaker 3.0, a new iteration of a classic softwarestandby that should have Quark, Scoop, and ReadySetGo run-ning to catch up. 3.0 includes the option of flowing text auto-matically for long documents, or placing it column by column;text wrap, for flowing text through or around an object any wayyou want; mixing and designating spot color and printing outseparations; and style sheets that allow you to reformat an entirestory or document in a single operation.

Another apparent Aldus coup was FreeHand, a comprehen-sive drawing application which seems to have many ofIllustrator' s powerful features without its diffucult-to-use inter-face, and adds color capability and some unique text handlingand editing features. FreeHand has been a bit of a secret, and wewere delighted to learn that FreeHand's product marketingmanager was none other than Kaiulani Schuler, the formereditor of MacA.P.P.L.E. !

Transputers - Out of the Closet!Scientific Micro Systems (SMS) has been making some big

acquisition moves recently, and COMDEX provided a firstmajor look at the combined wares of SuperMac and Levco,companies bought by the Mountain View, CA firm. SuperMacannounced that the 68881 floating point math coprocessor isnow a slandard on the hodigy SE enhancement board designedby Levco - an upgrade which will boost the Mac SE to meet theMac II's capabilities. PixelPaint, SuperMac's new high end,color paint program for the Mac II, was on glorious display onseveral of SuperMac's new l9 inch color monitors.

Moniterm Corporation, known throughout computerdom forits high quality, large screen monochrome monitors, wasanother company dipping into the attractive Mac II color moni-tor market with a Mac II controller for its 19 inch Viking 10monitor.

Levco also made waves by demonstrating the Translinkransputer parallel processing boards it announced at Macworld.Transputers have been a subtenanean phenomenon in thecomputer world until this year, when some actual microcom-puter-based transputer products have been announced.

You've never heard of transputers? I hadn't either."Transputer" is derived from "transistor" and "computer" -which indicates its nature as a complete computer on a chip.

It might help to imagine the following scenario. An ordinaryMac II can be ourfitted with a maximum of five Translink Nubuscompatible boards, each with four 10-MIPS (ten million instruc-

D e c e m b e r 1 9 8 7 1 5

tions per second) transputer modules. The Mac II would thenhave a total of 20 parallel, 32 bit RISC (reduced instruction setcomputer) processors, each with from 256K to four Megabytesof its own RAM on each of the credit card size modules.

Are you still with me? Thus outfitted, a Mac II would havenearly the performance of a supercomputer, with a throughput ofalmost 200 MIPS (million instructions per second), compared to2.5 MIPS on a plain and simple Mac II. Even if you had to spendsizable sums of money on so many transputer modules, youcould wind up with computing power to rival a Cray supercom-puter at a fraction of the cost. While it will be a little while beforeLevco has enough boards to begin shipping to developers, due

A major impact of OSl2, with itsgraphic s -inte nsiv e and M ac -like userinterface, seems to be that a lot ofpeople who have been embedded in theMS-DOS world are taking a good hardlook at the Macintosh.

to a transputer chip shortage, Levco showed its serious inten-tions by announcing the Translink Transputer Developer'sGroup, to be coordinated by Macintosh Horizons authors JimSalmons and Timlynn Babitsky (see their article on CD-ROMtechnology in th is issue) .

Vaponrvare of the YearPhil Lipitz, president of Ann Arbor Software, showed up at

COMDEX to write yet another chapter in the interminable sagaof 1987's Vaporware of the Year, the FullWrite Professionalword processor. The occasion of Lipitz' s press conference wasto announce not that FullWrite was finally shipping, but that thedocumentation was finally ready, after the truck carrying themanuals was hijacked en route from LA in October and thenrecovered. These folks are setting new standards for creativeways to delay shipment of a much ballyhooed piece of software!We can only hope that Ann Arbor Software has learned animportant lesson from Microsoft's disastrous experience withWord 3.0, and that FullWrite is as bug-free as itneeds to be whenshipped tojustify all the delays.

Stay tuned! We'll keep you informed.

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Scrv

AnInterviewwirhGuvI(awasakiAppleEvangelism,Moral Outrage,LegendaryDatabasesand IndustryShakeouts

uy Kawasaki is awell-known figure in theMacintosh world. Asthe preeminent Macin-tosh Sofnuare Evan-gelistfor Apple during

thefirst threeyears ofthe Mac' s existence,Kawasaki helped pave the way for theMac's current reputation as the mostpowerful microcomputer used in busi-ness. Kawasaki resignedfrom Apple lastspring to take a job as president of ACIUS,the company which publishes "4th Di-mension," a Mac database programwhich was legendary long before it wasreleased in the US.

Macintosh Horizons: What kind ofphilosophy is behind ACruS?

Guy Kawasaki: I want ACIUS to be theNordstrom of software. (Editor's note:N ordstrom is a Seattle-based depar tmcntstore chain famous for its extraordinary

1 8

(ustomer relations. )Nordstrom does nothave customers. it has fans. We wanttans.

I 've seen companies wi th miss ionstatements l ike. "Bring the latest technol-ogy to the market or enhance the produc-tivity of our customers or provide greatservice." In order to tum customers intofans. a company has to do all these thingsso our mission statement is all encom-passlng.

MH: What about the rumor that vou suvsdon't buy ads?

Kawasaki : Let me expla in that .MacWeek interviewed me. and I said thatwe were not going to advertise unti l thefall. They wrote that we weren't going toadvertise at all.

We are advertising in MacintoshToday. MacUser, and MacWorld but

M a c i n t o s h H o r i z o n s

advertising is not the primary method tomarket 4th Dimension. The success ofMacintosh software is determined by twothings: the product and the support yougive the customer. It 's not how muchmoney you spend on advertising and PR.It comes down to what the Macintoshgurus. the datahase SIG ol 'user groups.and publications l ike MacA.P.P.L.E.(Macintosh Horizons) say about 4thDimension.

Our emphasis is on pleasing thepower user. This person wants a databasethat can fulfill lofiy dreams of efficacy,actualization, and glory. That's our cus-tomer. It 's t ime to come out of the closet

MH: What was the timing of your depar-ture from Apple'?

Kawasaki: The time frame was: onApril I, Jean-Louis (Gassee) made me a

Director of Apple, on April 4th I re-signed, on April l Tth I was out of Apple.I didn't even get to drive the Mercedesaround the parking lot.

MH: That's my next question, you madeit to the wheelhouse - why did youimmediately leap off the ship?

Kawasaki: I didn't leap off the ship. Igot into the landing crafi. I wanted to hitthe beach, not watch through binoculars.All the fbrces of the universe were tell ingme to leave Apple.

MH: What were they?

Kawasaki: First, my job was done. My.1ob was to get Mac software, and by thetime I lefi there were 2-500 applications.Evangelizing the Macintosh back in1983-8.1 was diff icult because it had noinstalled base. l28K of RAM. a 400Kdisc drive, no hard drive, and Apple wassupposed to be a loser.

MH:A lot more chal lenge than in 1987?

Kawasaki: Today -50-60,000 Macs aresell ing per month. and it 's perceived asthe most powerful personal computer.How hard can it be to evangelize the MacII? Apple doesn't need me for that. Sothat's the first factor - my job was done.

Second, I have a very high need forachievement. I needed to prove to myselfthat I could be an entrepreneur. I was parlof history in the Macintosh division, andI want to try to touch the sky again.

Third. 4th Dimension is the kind ofproduct that's just made fbr me becauseyou don' t se l l 4 th Dimension. )ou evan-gelize it. It 's a lot l ike Macintosh was in1983 and 1984. And Marylene and Lau-rent wanted me to be their president -there is no higher fbrm of praise whensome French people want you as theAmerican president.

Finally. I have a sense of moral out-rage about how the developers pressuredApple not to publish 4th Dimension. Theunmit igated gal l o f those companies re-ally upset me. Sometimes you get whatyou ask for, and it 's not what you wanted.

MH:Tell us more about the final reason.

Kawasaki:I thought, okay-you want totell Apple what to do, now you'l l wishyou never opened your mouth. I ' l l provethat with 4th Dimension, l6 people, andnot a whole lot of capital. It 's calledchutzpah ifyou succeed, and stupidity if

you fail.It rs the same chutzpah that made

Mike Boich and me go out to softwarecompanies in '83 and say. "This is mydeal. I got a prototype Macintosh with128K RAM. no external drive. and a400K f loppy. The documentat ion is nordone. but I ' l l give it you in xeroxed form.You also have to buy a LISA to do Macprogramming tbr $7.000. We have oneperson to provide tech support, and we'renot going to pay you to do the sofiware.

ware company. Also, Apple was compet-ing with developers. It 's very hard toevangelize someone to do a graphicspackage when you ' re pub l i sh ingMacPaint and MacDraw. So Claris isabsolutely right for Apple Computer.

MH: There is a great deal of suspicionamong third party developers that Applewill show favorit ism toward Claris.

Kawasaki: I don't asree at all. The most

important point of contact between adeveloper and Apple is the Evangelistsbecause those are the people that give youprototypes. Evangelists have to bendover backwards so that other developersdon't say "Claris has favorit ism workingfor them." I 'd make the case that Clariswil l start off with a more challengingrelationship with Apple than anotherso f twa re company . Deve lope rsshouldn't worry about Claris - theyshould just do great product and slug itout in the ring. Someday Claris andACIUS will come to blows.

MH: ls 4th Dimension, or rather ACIUS,just a one horse show?

Kawasaki: We're not a database com-pany. we're a software publisher. Istrongly believe in a long-term, mutuallyrewarding relationship between an au-thor and a publisher. Great software -VisiCalc, QuickDraw, Switcher - isusually done by one or two people. We'realways looking for a good authors, but itso happens we only have one product.But in my mind we are a software pub-lisher, not a database company.

MH: l 'm not pushing for any pr ior an-nouncements or anything.

Kawasaki: You won't get any.

MH: But you are looking to develop morethan just one product?

"It's the classic David against Goliath,Afghanistan against the Russia, or Appleagainst IBM. There is no reason ACIUSshouldn't succeed."

- Guy Kawasaki

Also. I can't promise you co-marketingbut other than that I really want you to belyour company on this new computer."

I look back now on those Mac evan-gelism days. and I see that the only reasonwe succeeded was that we were too zeal-ous to know we couldn't succeed. Threeyears fiom now, I ' l l look back and seethat the only reason 4th Dimension suc-ceeded is because we didn't know wecouldn ' t .

MH: You've got to have the unmitigatedgall to consider taking the risk.

Kawasaki: I 'd say that's a true state-ment . but i t 's the c lass ic David againstGoliath. Afghanistan against the Russia,or Apple against IBM. There is no reasonACIUS shouldn ' t succeed.

MH: What do you think about Claris, andthe role it ' l lplay in the market, what kindof an impact is it?

Kawasaki: As far as I know. they don'rhave a data base. so they really won'timpact me directly. It 's inevitable,though, that they'l l want this market too.

Claris is the right decision. Apple washalf pregnant, and they had to either givebirth or abort. In this case they gave birth.It 's the absolute right thing to do.

Apple was serving no software ownerwell. When you wanted support onApple-labeled software, you called upApple, and they told you to go back toyour dealer. That's unlike any other soft-

D e c e m b e r 1 9 8 7 1 9

Kawasaki: Yes. but I don't intend to bemore than a Macintosh company.

MH: You don't intend to start oortinsstuff to MS-DOS?

Kawasaki: Port is a tbur letter word. Itwas a four letter word when I was anEvangelist and companies said theywould port their PC programs to theMacintosh. It 's a four letter word nowwhen people ask me to port to Windows.At ACIUS we dr ink Tai t t inger . not por t .

4th Dimension is the whole shootingmatch tbr ACIUS. We are not going todefocus ourselves with MS-DOS halluci-nations. We'l l leave that tootherdatabasecompanies. We'l l pick our battle wherewe can win.

MH: Why can you win in Macintosh?

Kawasaki: Because Macintosh is homecourt. We know every nook. We knowevery cranny. We know the user groups,the cult, and the CompuServe powerbrokers. I 'm part of that cult. I wouldn'ttry to do a MS-DOS database. That wouldbe like marching into Red Square andsaying I 'm going take over Russia.You've got to be afbol -although we'reworking on a way to fly into Red Squarein a plane.

MH: Is Apple going to leave the individ-ual user behind in its search for corporaterespectabil ity?

Kawasaki: I don't believe so. Peoplebuy a Macintosh for personal productiv-ity - not just so that they can hook up tosome network. A Macintosh is a veryexpensive TTY terminal. Let's face it,i t 's ver l ch ic to ta lk about connect iv i tyright now and appear sage. With 4thDimension. connect iv i ty is a g iven not apress release.

More importantly, the time has cometo stop thinking of Macintosh as merely apersonal assistant to do fi l ing, word proc-essing. and graphics. It is a world classpersonal productivity tool that has all ofthe power of Niagara Falls built into abox.

MH: Is IBM behind Apple in the market?

Kawasaki: I think there is a three yeargap. Let's say they deliver PresentationManager next year. lt takes two moreyears of hard core evangelizing to getsofiware. People can either buy a Macin-tosh today or wait three years and buy the

20

same thing from IBM. Isn't it great -people might not buy IBM because thereisn't software? There is justice in theworld.

I have infinite faith in the Gass6eGang in Apple's product developmentworld. They wil l leapfrog IBM the wayEvel Knievel jumps cars. Apple has it inthe bag for the next three years. Theyshould go for the throat, they should try tokii l .

MH: How do you deflne the databasemarket? How do dBASE Mac and theothers contrast with 4th Dimension?

Kawasaki: To simpify things, there is

"I have a sense ofmoral outrage abouthow the developerspressured Apple notto publish 4thDimension. Theunmitigated gall ofthose companiesreally upset me."

- Guv Kawasaki

FileMaker Plus and 4th Dimension. Everybook on war, on battle, on business, alwaystells you to take the high ground and makethe enemy fight uphil l. 4th Dimension isthe most powerful database for a personalcomputer. No tradeoffs. No sacrificesneeded here. And I'm tired of our competi-tors call ing Macintosh owners imbeciles.

MH: How do you mean?

Kawasaki: Our competitors think thatMacintosh owners are wimps that cannothandle power. f lexibil i ty, and program-ming - indeed. that Mac owners don'tneed all the features ofIBM versions. Howinsulting. That they can be fooled by ad-vertising that says that everything can bedone without programming. It is ludicrousto say to Mac owners that sophisticateddatabases can be created by pointing andclicking.

MH: Isn't there a danger of a backlash

M a c i n t o s h H o r i z o n s

because of all the hype around 4th Di-mension? 4th Dimension was an almostlegendary piece of software in the Macin-tosh world long before its release in thiscountry. Was there a pre-release over-kil l?

Kawasaki: I think the (negative) reviewin InfoWorld was an instance of a back-lash. I would rather deal with a backlashthan a whiplash. I think the product haslived up to the legend.

Take a person who for two years hasbeen a Mac fanatic inside a "Blue" com-pany. After risking his l i fe, reputation,and family pushing Macintosh, this per-son figures his time has come. His busi-ness card now says "John Smith - I toldyou so." The person that has been push-ing Macintosh and risking his l i fe is notgoing to buy a database because it 's froma big name software company any morethan he'd buy a PC because its from IBM.

MH: The ice is broken. If an MIS Man-ager in a Fortune 500 company is wil l ingto buy a Macintosh in the first place, thenyou're saying that his mind is open tosollware from new companies.

Kawasaki: Absolutely. Let's face it,other than Microsoft. there is no safe"name brand" in Macintosh software.Living Videotext, Sil icon Beach Soft-ware. and Cricket Software are not "safe

buys" - they have great products. Suchis l ife in the Macintosh world... where therubber beats the road.

This interviev' wes conducted andedited b.y" Macintosh Horizons editorAndrev' Himes, and transcribed b1' MHeditorial stoffer Korla Landsverk.

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The Front Page and BeyondThe Macintosh hasbecome anindispensable toolfor producinginformation graphicsat big-citynewspapers. Here'swhy - and how.

Joyce Thompson

all Street's October19 nosedive found

||lutlt Til]lltrN e w s - P a g e D e -signer for the SeattleTimes. g lued to h is

Mac, pumping minute-by-minute marketfluctuations into Microsoft Graph. Thechart that appeared on the front page of theTimes' f inal edition emerged. camera-ready. fiom the Times' LaserWriter-Plusjust minutes befbre press time. "The Macenabled us to get more timely infbrmationin the paper that day," says Taylor's boss.Times Art Director Marian Wachter. witha small. satisfied smile.Wachter's satisfaction is both understand-

When a storv's hotand the deadline'stight, it's not unusualfor the editor, or eventhe reporter, to bestanding at Taylor'sshoulder, providingthe text as he drawsthe graphic.

U.S, Navy helibopteraltacke d a*, kar ian' cr-anin the Persian Girlf nearBahrain afterdisaveing it layingunderwater mines.

0 1 5 0

Ifltlilril ilUamphibious ship, is spotted bying

M]LES IRANmin6. Ofp @pter attracks with

-

\ ruchinegun and rocket fire,the ship ablae.

;i"]\Fl\' - - - \ \ J \

--\- atltal\\g€nol Oman' l't. Horiwz ^, : .,,"'--'l;-rzt-: /v -'I

I \ t l

KUWAIT FfrSI$&Nd

days - and in the field of newspaperdesign, "old days" means pre-1985 -

cumbersome engraving technology wouldhave made the final edition figures oldnews by the time the paper went to press. In1987, an afiernoon newspaper on the WestCoast could give its late-edition readersgraphics on the Dow Jones debacle nearlyas up-to-date as those on television'snightly news.

Most of the wor ld-changing communi-cations innovations since Gutenberg in-vented movable type around 1450 are clus-tered tightly in the last few decades. Whenthe stock market crashed in 1929, newspa-pers composed their fiont page headlineswith five-inch wooden letters not substan-tially different from those Gutenberg usedto set his landmark Bible. In the mid-

N o v e m b e r 1 9 8 7

computer systems brought VDTs to thenewsroom and cold type to the compos-ing room. It launched what we now rec-ognize was a revolution in newspaperdesign, based on the computer-assistedrecognition that a news-hungry and in-creasingly v isual ly-or iented publ iccould no longer be fed by word alone.

The Arrival of the MacintoshEnterthe Mac 5 I 2 in 1985. Increased

memory transformed an entertaining toyinto a promising tool, one whose poten-tial newspaper designers were quick torealize. New output technology made itpractical. "LaserWriter's what really setthis thing off," Chuck Taylor says.While some sticklers found 300 dpiresolut ion inadequate. " in a newspaper

NESAUDI AFABIA UNITED ARAB

EMIFATES

Diagram of a U.S. attack on a minelayer in the Persian Gulf

Copyright 1987 Knight-Ridder Graphics Network

able and somewhat understated. In the old 1970s. the installation of mainfiame

Ear l ie r Monday, Br t i shtanker Gentle Breeze wasatlacked by lraniangunboat . A c rew member i sreponeo m ssrng .

. r . l t C . l ( r . E - . ! l o o e ' u d o . \ ' r o <

Pad<ing gafiage crashCar one breaks through the f i t thf loor metal facade and plunges toSecond Avenue.

Two peopleki l led in carone

has made them artists. A news graphic issusceptible to crit icism on the groundsthat it is I ) ugly, 2) extraneous, or 3) justplain stupid."

Graphic TimesThe Seattle Times. with a daily circu-

lation of 240.000. half a mill ion on Sun-days, is generally conceded to be one ofthe country's more graphically sophisti-cated newspapers. In the Society ofNewspaper Design 's 1987 compet i t ion. i tt ied the New York Times in the numberofGold awards captured. In addition to hisresponsibil i ty tbr designing the frontpage. and potentially redesigning it asmany as fbur times a day between edi-tions, Chuck Taylor acts as l iaison be-tween editors and artists, trying to keepthe paper's graphics smart.

Among the sea of green-screen VDTsin the newsroom, Taylor's is the onlyMacintosh, one that, l inked by MacSERVE. acts as flagship to the art depart-ment fleet offour Pluses and one SE. all ofwhose original. crash-prone GC Hyperdrives have been replaced by more de-pendable 40-megabyte Apple HardDrives. In general, Taylor says. "every-

body here is sensitive to the paper'smandate to be aware of graphics."Most ofthe paper's word people have leamed tolook out tbr graphic potential. When astory's hot and the deadline's tight. it 'snot unusual fbr the editor. or even thereporter. to be standing at Taylor's shoul-der. providing the text as he draws thegraphic.

Typically. Taylor's at his work stationat 5 AM. but his news day starts evenearlier. As soon as he gets up, he tums onCNN to take the day's news temperature.If it 's f-everish. he'l l use his Mac at hometo log into both Knight-Ridder's and AP'snational graphics newtworks to seewhat's coming down the l ine. If they havethings well-covered. there's time foranother cup ofcoffee. Ifnot. he heads fbrwork right away.

The national news graphics networks- Knight-Ridder, AP, GannettofTspring of the Mac age. Prior to 1985,AP sent graphics down the photo wire, butthe results were disappointingly muddy.The Knight-Ridder network, f irst on-line,was the brainchild of K-R's Director ofGraphics and Newsroom Technology,Roger Fidler and was, he says. a naturalspin-off of his Videotext efforts in the1970's, intended to adapt the networkingconcept to the print medium. Knight-Ridder began testing the system and shar-ing graphics among the 32 K-R papers in

M a c i n t o s h H o r i z o n s

June of 1985. and a few months laterhooked into the General Electric network(GEnie), using AppleLink Softwareadapted for the Knight-Ridder data baseand rechristened PressLink.

National sharing of graphic resourcesbecame a possibil i ty at just the time mostnewspaper art departments were thinkingabout acquiring PCs, and issues of com-patibil i ty t ipped the scales almost over-whelmingly in favor of the Macintosh.MacDraw soon became the industry stan-dard among software options.

News NetworksBeing one of the Knight-Ridder

"A news graphic issusceptible tocriticism on thegrounds that it is1) ugly,2) extrane-otts, or 3) just plainstupid."

James McFar lane / Seatt le Times

News graphics are essential forportraying events that are difficult toDut in words

Copyr ight 1987 by the Seatt le Times Company

situation the l ine quality was goodenough." Early in 1985, at the Society ofNewspaper Design's annual workshop inChicago, Roger Fidler. father of Knight-Ridder's national graphics network. dem-onstrated the new system they were set-ting up. In May, under the stewardship ofMac whiz John Walston, design-con-scious USA Today published its f irst Macgraphic. The "infbgraphics" revolutionwas underway.

At their simplest. infbrmation graph-ics are the maps, charts and graphs thataccompany a news article. At their mosteloquent, they can combine maps. charts,i l lustrations. color and text to demon-strate, more clearly than words alone, theinterrelationship between different ele-ments of a complex news story. Whilethey're intended to complement editorialcontent. they may well be the only infbr-mation a browser takes away from a par-ticular story. With Mac in the art depart-ment (and it has taken up residence in anestimated 85a/o of US newspapers sinceI 985), use of graphics has increased dra-matically, as much as doubling at manypapers.

The downside, ofcourse, has been "a

lot of awful-looking graphics." says Se-attle Times Art Director Marian Wachter."produced by nerds who think MacDraw

- Marian Wachternetwork's 90 subscribers costs the SeattleTimes $200 a month and 50 cents a min-ute. Using the system's electronic mailf'eature. Seattle users can access fre-quently-updated advisories on whatgraphics are available. Knight-Ridderemploys three full-t ime graphics report-ers in Washington. D.C., with others lo-cated in Miami, San Jose, Detroit, andCharlotte. S.C. About 25o/o of thenetwork's subscribers also routinelymake locally produced graphics availableto system users. If a child falls down awell-shaft in a Texas backyard, for ex-ample, graphics prepared by on-site re-porters can demonstrate rescue efforts tonewspaper readers nationwide.

Once a graphic is selected from theelectronic bulletin board. transmissiontakes fiom one to seven minutes, depend-ing on its size and complexity. The receiv-ing terminal can be used for other taskswhile downloading is in progress. Whentransmission is complete, the graphiccomposes itself on-screen, with elementsappearing in the order in which they wereoriginally placed. The receiving art de-partment can then edit the graphic to suitits own purposes before printing it out on

22

the LaserWriter. Printed on 70-poundclay-coated graphic arts paper (an artdepartment alternative to the 40-poundbond the manual recommends). thegraphic is ready to be waxed and laid inplace. A graphic created in. say. TampaBay, can be uploaded to the Knight-Rid-der bulletin board. downloaded by theSeattle Times. and camera-ready in abouthalf an hour.

It was networking of a slightly differ-ent k i nd t hat he lped ne\ \ spaper ar t is ts a: agroup become what Marian Wachter calls"about the most adept computer users outthere." Two years ago. Knight- Ridder'sFidler points out. "Newspaper art depart-ments were virtually untouched by tech-nology. The most sophisticated thing youwere l ikely to find there was LetraSet."

John Monahan. now Coordinator ofthe Gannett Graphics Network. an earlyenthusiast whom Chuck Taylor dubs "the

ultimate Mac-whiz." remembers thecomputer's arrival in the newsroom asbeing "sort of a scary thing. No onehanded people a set of instructions abouthow to adapt pens to pixels. You had to sitdown and just learn it by yourself."

DEADLINE Mac"l asked myself, is this thing gonna put

me out of a job'i" Monahan says. then de-c ided, " l f you can' t beat em. jo in em."Monahan saw Mac's potential and. sincehis "nature is to draw," he sat down.diddled and doodled. and soon foundhimself "the only Mac-literate desi-oner"at a Rhode Island School of Design work-shop on infbgraphics. His expertise madehim a very popular man. and the phonedidn't stop ringing unti l he createdD EAD LI N E Mar'. "From concept to copyon the Macintosh computer, a tipsheet/infbrmation exchange/newsletter fbr pro-fessional newspaper designers."

"Turn On Your Macintosh." the firstissue invited. then proceeded to give de-tailed, step-by-step instructions on how torecreate Monahan's own fiont-page Pa-triot Ledger graphic of the Challengerexplosion, Mac-drawn in six hours andpublished the day following the disaster.

Artists and designers, invited to con-tribute, were soon sending in step-by-steps on their favorite graphics, as well astips, tricks, shortcuts, wamings and soft-ware reviews - all the things a newspa-per artist needs to know and the manualnever mentions - l6y', to use a plasticpaper clip to hold down the option keywhile drawing polygons; how to cutcolor. trace contours. make hollow maps;how to make caption text wordwrap auto-

WASHINGTON

Spokane

HANFORD

Tri-Citie?

Chuck Tay or I Sear e T ncs

SOURCE U S Depa(menl of Ene.qya.d Rockwe l lanlord

Graphics make the news. This graphic was a dramatic addition to a complex story.

Copyright 1987 by the Seattle Times Company

matically: how to keep the hindmostsmoothed polygon fiom disappearingwhen pr inted: hor . r to reta in proport ionwhen changing size; how to extend andcondense type faces.

Some Get lt, Some Don'tWhile this free sharing of information

expedited leaming enormously, not allnews artists f 'ell easy prey to the charms of

A graphic created in,say, Tampa Bay, canbe uploaded to theKnight-Ridder bulletinboard, downloaded bythe Seattle Times, andcamera-ready in abouthalf an hour.

the Macintosh. "It 's weird, you know,"says Seattle Times Art Director MarianWachter. "l 've had people in here whojust can't seem to get it. or it takes them areally long time to catch on. Other peopleseem to sit down and get it just l ike that."The consensus seems to be that it 's thetechie types who take most easily tocomputer use. and the pure ar t is ls . car-toonists and il lustrators who resist. f 'eel-ing that the l imitations of the Macintosh-particularly in terms of l ine quality andscreen size - outweigh its allures.

Like any hasty generalization, this onehas its exceptions. Rob Kemp, one of theTinres' best i l lustrators. managed to re-main computer i l l i terate (in his ownwords. "l 'd rather put my finger in amousetrap than on a mouse.") unti l De-cember of 19U6, but when he finally tookthe plunge, didn't come up fbr air unti lhe'd produced a funny and sophisticatedil lustration of Abraham Lincoln seated infiont of a computer screen, a seductionsubsequently immortalized in DEAD-LINE Mac under the tit le "The Def' lower-ing of Another Computer Virgin."

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'Catastrophic' failure in quakeThe convers on o f p lu ton um n i l ra le in to p lu ton ium mela l and powderedp iu ton um ox ide occurs on the Remote i /echan ica l C L ne , in the35 year'o d porl on of the planl. The bu ld ng is structural steel w thconcre te f oors and wou ld ' ia I ca tas t roohca lv " dur ino a s izab e ear th .o -d - a . accoro rg to a Depan-e1t o f t ie 'gy ;epo{ . d / i rg suc- aco lapse, DOE es1 mates 1 8 g rams o l p lu lon um might escape theclant, but lhal lhe 350 plant workers wou d be in more danger fromla I ng debr s than irom radiat on. DOE rejects the possib I ty of anuc lear c r l rca i t y accrdent .

N o v e m b e r 1 9 8 7 23

On a Macintosh at the Seattle Times, the Finder is also a catalog of news events.

Design's annual conf-erence. The hard-ware, provided by The Electronic Pub-lisher, Inc., of Excelsior Springs, Mary-land. included five Mac II 's, four SE's, l4Pluses, one 300 dpi LaserWriter-Plus, two600 dpi Varityper printers, one opticalscanner and one Kurta digit izer, set upbehind velvet ropes in a hotel ballroom.Everything, including pagination (innewspaper l ingo. gang. that means the pro-duction of camera-ready page layouts)was Mac done.

"We did everything right there in thehotel except separate color and roll thepress. It was an incredible experience,"says Bil l ie Keirstead, who worked on thepaper under the editorship of her formerstudent, Chuck Taylor. When they deliv-ered the frnished paper at the banquet thelast night, there were a lot of tears, a lot ofgood f'eeling. Even the hold-outs wereimpressed. We'd done something neverdone betbre."

Chuck Taylor. chosen for the staff ofthe Austin Chronicles because he com-bines editing skil ls with graphics savvy.says the job was "a lot more than I bar-gained for. I thought. well, I ' l l just cruiseinto town and edit some copy. What itturned out to be was a kind of marathon.We pulled a couple of all-nighters. I endedup trying to get graphics fiom the speak-ers. briefing reporters. editing copy, edit-ing graphics, doing layout, editing photosand doing pasteup - it was l ike workingtbr a small town newspaper again. We hadthe Art Director of the Los Angeles Timesproofieading." Having done it once, ev-eryone expects the next t ime to be easier.

The implications of what happened inAustin extend far beyond its city l imits. Tothe national newspaper chains, with theirgraphics networks already up and running,the success of the Austin Chroniclesproves that the idea of a portable newspa-per is not only possible but practical. Itmeans the potential to produce a specialnewspaper on-site at a special event suchas a polit ical convention or the OlympicGames. which can be distributed not onlyon-site as a freestanding publication, butdownloaded to subscribers elsewhere foruse as a special section. Locally, it provesbeyond the shadow of a doubt that, giventhe right sofiware and the right accesso-ries, you can publish a newspaper, soup tonuts. with Macs, a revelation which leaveseveryone smiling except maybe the Inter-national Typographers Union and themanuf-acturers of mainframe publishingsystems - the first because it puts theirjobs in jeopardy. the second because itmakes their product begin to resemble thelate. lamented dinosaur.

( F i l e E d i t U i e r u S p e c i a l

Alleges Wachter. "The people whohave uscd MacDraw to do good qualityi l lust rat ions havc recognized i ts l imi ta-t ions and have explo i ted those l imi ta-tions. Instead of trying to make the com-puter do something that looks l ike it wasclone wi th a brush, they 've said. th is is mynew tool ancl I 'm going to push the l i rn i tsof th is th ing." John Monahan. lbr one.d isagrees. " ln only two years. we'vestarted to corne up to speed. The machineis no longer an obstac le. Soon you' l l see acategory l irr Mac graphics in an art con-test. and the cntries wil l be on a par withor better than anything done by hand."

Bi l l ie Kei rs tead. who runs in tensive 3l/2 day Mac TRAC workshops as part ofthe graphics training procram at thePoynter lnst i tu te lor Media Studies in St .Petcrsburg. Florida. makes the distinctionbetwcen Mac graphics and graphics cre-ated with Macintosh. Those in the lattercategory. l ike the work of George Rorickof the Dctroil News. "del'y being identi-f ied as collrputer graphics," Keirsteaclins is ts , "They look hand drawn."

The Mac TRAC workshops. whichoften f'cature Rorick and Monahan as ateaching tcam. can accomodate up to l8students on the Inst i tu te 's 20 SE's and oneMac II. Studcnts. mostof whom are work-ing newspaper prof'essionals. spend l6-hour days doing indiv idual and groupprojects on the Mac and get more thanthei r $525 tu i t ion 's worth of va lue f romthe experience. "At f irst the workshopswere pretty basic - this is a rnouse. this isa click." Keirstead says. but not anymore.

"The quality of work being done here isamazing." Keirstead also observes that atthe most recent Mac TRAC workshop inNovember of 1987. fully half of the par-ticipants were women. suggesting thatt 'emales may at last be making inroads inwhat has been a male-dominated arena.

Dan Clifford, a nationally admiredMac artist at the Miami Herald. says thattraditionally. "most of the women innewspaper art departments have beendesigners. not board artists. It is." heconcedes in a soti southern drawl. "a goodol' boy male bonding thing. sort of Macho. l ike work ing on cars. Guys feel th ispressure to computer out." Roger Fidlerof Knight Ridder speculates that theprevalence of men in computer i l lustra-tion may echo the findings of a study bythe Media Lab at MIT, which suggest thatif girls and boys have to compete foravailable computers, the boys wil l tend todominate. Give every student access to acomputer. and the girls wil l perfbrm aswell or better than the boys. MarianWachter's commitment to have a Mac fbrevery arl ist and a big screen tbr every Maca year fiom now should make it possibleto put his hypothesis to the test.

Austin ChroniclesThis October. in Austin. Texas. a stafT

of forty newspeople hand-picked by USAToday's John Walston put Macintoshtechnologl to the u l t imate lest - in justthree days. they put out Alls/i,? Chron-rr'1c,.i. a 24 page. 4-color broadsheet news-paper covering the Society of Newspaper

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When Computers Replace PeopleAt the Seattle Times, for example. the

art department owns Quark Express, thesame software used to paginate the AustinChronicles, but they haven't even loadedit yet, due to resistance fiom the ITU. "We

can't touch type, that's t leirjurisdiction,"says Marian Wachter. "When we first gotMacs, we'd draw a map and we'd have tosend it out to them with a tissue overlaythat showed where all the type went.We'd get it back and have to correct thetypos and tell them what's crooked, and ittook a whole shift to get a map done.

To the nationalnewspaper chains, withtheir graphics networksalready up and running,the success of the AustinChronicles proves thatthe idea of a portablenewspaper is not onlypossible but practical.

Gradually, we broke that down. But I sti l ldo layout by hand on a grid sheet and Icarry it out there. It adds an extra step thatisn ' t necessary."

Pagination is the new and perhapscrit ical battle in a war that began a dozenyears ago with the arrival of the main-frames. At the Times. management had topromise a l l current composing room per-sonnel l i t-etime jobs in exchange for beingable to bring in the newspaper's Atexcomputer system. which is why, saysWachter. "you see seventy year old guyswalking around out there today." Nation-ally. the battle wil l be fought on a paper bypaper basis, Roger Fidler predicts, withvarying outcomes.

Ronn Campisi. who was design direc-tor of the Boston Globe when the battleraged there, says, "It 's the same old thing- new technology blurring distinctionsbetween job functions. It 's the ITU notknowing what to do with itself. Thepeople trying to use it (Mac technology)were terrifically frustrated. They had afantastic new tool they couldn't use as itwas intended to be used."

The designer with a Mac was no dif-ferent fiom a reporter at a terminal. theITU argued. Once the product got to an

output device, it was supposed to be underunion jurisdiction. After eight months ofhard negotiations, Globe managementconceded the point and put the Linotron-ics in the composing room.

Times typographers, now workingwithout a contract because of their reluc-tance to fbrce the issue. claim to expectthe same outcome in Seattle. but Wachterdoubts management wi l l conci l ia te."You've got to have control of paginationin the newsroom, or else it 's not pagina-tion." she insists. Two brand new bigscreens - a Radius and a LaserView -just delivered. plus a 600 dpi Varityper onthe 1988 acquisit ions l ist make art depart-ment pagination more feasible and evenmore desirable. Wachter thinks a goodtime-buying solution might be for thepaper "to buy off the older guys and bringthe work force down to match the work-load. They could sti l l lay out the ads."

No matter how much the veterans inthe composing room might l ike to stuffthe Mac-shaped genie back in its bottle. itjust won't f it - there are too many add-ons. and the future. though not entirelyforeseeable. shines too bright. As MaggieBalough of the Austin American States-man. President of the 2063-member Soci-ety fbr Newspaper Design. wrote of theAustin Chronicles. in the Austin Chron-icles. "The industry wil l never be thesame."

Jotce Thontpson is a Seattle u'riter.the author oJ'.1'our rutyels, tu'o short storycollectiotts. attd countless short storiesand non-Jiction articles published in av'ide varien'oJ ntaga:ines and nev'spa-pers. Her trcv'est hook is " East is West olHere." a storl collectiott ltublished inOctober bt' Breitenbush Books.

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29

Y T L )

New Fashioned PublishingA Desktop Publishing Case History

Janine L. West. Asst. Editor

A Bit of Historyince MacA.P.P.L.E. began asa newsletter publication, 32Little Apples, back in the fallof 1984. we've made somemajor changes. In August1986. MacA.P.P.L.E. be-

came a monthly, 4 color, glossy publica-tion. ln August of 1986, "In The Begin-ning." a transcribed speech by SteveWozniak, was the first article we proc-essed on a Macintosh Plus using Word1.0, and PageMaker 1.2.

Today, however, MacA.P.P.L.E. haschanged its name to Macintosh Horizons,and is produced entirely on the Mac. It isa clean, crisp, professional magazine witha graphics-based design. Oh, some ol'fashioned things still apply - we stillwax and paste in the ads, and our new artdirector, whose talents go beyond what aMac allows, pastes in a few graphics too.

Yet tiom the moment the first articlearrives in the mail until the finishedmagazine goes to the printer, we design,edit, and lay out the publication on theMacintosh.

The Ol' Fashioned WayMy first editorial job was on an Air

Force Base weekly paper. As an inexperi-enced editorial assistant. I didn't evenknow computers could be used in theprocess of making a magazine, nor did Iget an opportunity to touch one. I did,

30

however, get to use an old military type-writer which rested strategically in frontof me.

The paper consisted either of articlesthat were cut out of the previous issue(like calendar events, sports events... ). orarticles that staff reporters had written.The editors did the major editing work. Idid a rough copy editjob and retyped eacharticle after each editing job. Articleswere constantly retyped to produce thecleanest copy for the typesetters. Thetypesetters, using a Compugraphic (orsimilar typesetting machine), formattedall editorial material, establishing fbnts.leading and column specifications. Wegot galley proofs back from the typeset-ter, and marked necessary changes onthem. The typesetter made corrections,and returned the phototype (typeset stripsof text) to us to be cut and waxed, readyfor paste up. Finally, the paper went to theprinter.

A Step Up In TechnologyFrom 32 Litt le Apples, published by

A.P.P.L.E. Co-op's Lisaffacintosh SIG,we stepped up to a magazine done on theApple IIe - a big move up in technology.Michael and Lisa Storrie-Lombardi werethe editors at the time and worked out oftheir home. They received articles in themail, via modem, and accepted othersfrom people attending user group meet-ings atthe A.P.P.L.E. Co-op. Michaeland

M a c i n t o s h H o r i z o n s

Lisa edited the articles. then telecommu-nicated them to the magazine's office.Lany Neibauer, a technical consultanthere at A.P.P.L.E. Co-op, received thefi les on his Apple II and saved them as textfi les (ASCII word processor fi les). on 5-l/4 inch disks. We then printed our thearticles to be edited. on a dot matrixprinter.

Call -A.P.P.LE. (our sisrer publica-tion), helped pioneer microcomputerizedtypesetting. In the past, a program calleda "Translation Table" was prepared to runon the typesetting machine. Constantlyupdated, this table included all pertinentdata: type styles, fonts and sizes, leading

move all double spacing (typesettingconvention is to have only one spacebetween words and sentences) and cut"figures" from the document to save themas PICT files. Then we decide whether toformat the article in two or three columnformat (regular monthly columns are settwo columns across the page, and featurearticles and reviews are set in three col-umns). The sizes of l istings, f igures andtables also play a part in this process.

A great feature of Word 3.01 is itsability to set up style sheets to aid format-ting an article. A stylesheet is a set of

ment something brief. Then, their firstinit ial, plus the number I is added, indi-cating the first save. This document issaved onto the same disk that it 's beineworked off ol '. From here on. every timithis article is worked on, and is saved, theperson who worked on it replaces theinit ial with their own and replaces thenumber wi th the next consecut ive num-ber, example: J l , K2, J3, M4. . . "Save-

As," as opposed to "Save," allows you torefer back to previous stages if you sodesire.

After the article has been saved andprinted out. the init ial and number of thatfile is written in the upper right handcorner of the article. This tells us what thelast version is of the article and whoworked on it.

We make major and necessary editingmarks on the latest print-out of the article,after the basic formatting is done. Wethen transf-er these handwritten correc-tions to the Word fi les. One last f inal coovedit is made to insure punctuarion is co;-rect and we've properly formatted all thefigures, l istings and tables, and to see ifwe have any last questions about the ar-ticle. Often we receive articles that pro-vide us with infbrmation we're not quitesure about and we need help from ourtechnical staff, but it's the editor who hasto use a fine tooth comb on articles tomake sure readers are provided withunderstandable, easy to follow informa-tion.

Afier f inishing all articles, we copythree or fbur short, colorful, and intrieu-ing passages fiom the article to be ur"Ju,"teasers," or "insert quotes." We placethese in blocks at various places on thepage in a larger typef'ace. They augmentthe content, hold the reader. and sive aprovocat ive h inr o l 'whar is in the a i t ic le .

The Dummy Book - OurBasic Guideline

By this time, all the articles are inshape for PageMaker, but the "dummy

book" comes first. This is a guidelinewhich tells us how the articles wil l belayed out, where to place ads, and anoverview of what the magazine wil l lookIike. We make a xerox copy of the latestprintout of each article, including all fig-ures, tables, l istings, and product boxes.

Now comes a refreshing time we liketo share - yu,s'ys found that nothins ismore re lax ing rhan waxing and cut t ing thearticles for the dummy. It takes us back toour childhood. The purpose of waxing isso the articles wil l stick to the pages we've

lJ:J,[i:ff"'jil'Jf ]#,:'#::H,',:.ff" F ro m the mo me nt thervpeserrins machine just ahead of rhe ftr't article arrivgs inregular f i les and served as a laison be- / --

tween codes in our files and whar rhe thg mAil Until thetypesetter understood. For example. oneentrv in rhe rabre was: finished magazine

l ;+1=CElourfi leused";+f "toindicarealinefeed; goeS tO the pfintefrWe"CE" was the typesetter's hexadecimal :, -code to execute u rm.r.-.a.

rrL^sulr''rql design, edit, and lay

This was our way of "talking" to thetypesetrins machine; "i;#il".#"- oUt the publicationintervention was needed. Manv oublica-tions today stirr use,hi',..ili;":ii;;:- on the Macintosh.Maker has allowed us to go far beyond it.

After the articles were typeset, hard stored paragraph and character format_copy was retumed for proofreading and tinginstructioni.Byapplyingastylesheetcorrections. Patches had to be made of to text, you can estabiiitrseveral formatscorrected areas and sent back to the type- at once.setters. Finally, the articles were cut and We've set up our own standard stvlepasted onto boards. Artistic touches were guide for the magazine. and have it on allcreatedbyhandusingruleandbordertape our hard drives. Styles are defined forto l inetheendingofanarticle,toseparate headings, subheadings, rext and bulletsarticles side by side, and to box photos. (tabs). Anything ouiof the ordinary isAfterallthis,themagazinewassenttothe done sepaiately, usually tables and list_pr lnter . ings. I f a tableor l is t ingdoesn, t f i t in tothe

chosen column format, we cut it from theOVgfall PfOdUCtiOn Of word fi le and save it as a separare fi le,

Macintosh Horizons ;lt'J:,ffi::;f,1,',:lifi,iH::t;ffi:Today we use an entirely Macintosh- l^ng process and must be proof'ed care-

based system. The productitn of Macin- fully. It never hurts to have a new pair oftosh Horizons magazine is similar to the eyes check over the final copy! Any vol-ol ' fashioned way only in that it begins unteers?

with submissioni from our authors on After the basic formatting is done, wefloppy disks.

"Save-As." We worked up our own litt leOur first rule is to make a disk coov of system fbr this procedure, slnce more

the article, and never work ofi 'the

than one person works on a particularauthor's original disk. Each month we article. Saving is important in our workhave about five disks full of articles. la_ and we've leamed to save often. Betweenbeled with the month of the issue. We theelectricitygoingoff andsomeonewhokeep the disks in a holderat an easy access taps his fbot on the power bar, we'velocation.

- learned the hard way. Our system is thisWe begin our basic formatting in

-thefirstt imeaneditingjobissaved,the

Microsoft Word 3.01 by running thJ ar- person working on it chooses "Save-As"

ticle through the spell checker."We re- under the File menu and titles the docu-

D e c e m b e r 1 9 8 7 31

al locaredfbrthem.Thewaxal lowsyouto LeSSOnS Leafned someone say,. .Change is the only con_move text, figures and ads around fiom The process of putting together the stant thing in lif.e?'.

-

one page to another.Doing ttre dummy book is not all fun llgazine

might sound confusins but it

andgames.rtcanbefrusrrar ing. Lasr issue rearry isn' t . w. ur. always introd-uced to Making Technology

*e Grt space for a half page;i l ; ; i ; ; ;- new-software and hardware rhat rr/o ̂ oh

tally instead of vertically.-We didn't no- use to produce Macintosh ri;; i t;;t '- WOfk FOf US

t ice unt i l we had a l ready ru ia t r re.oe, andwediscoverwhatworksanddoesn' t ' Instead of being l imi ted by the tech-zine into pageMaker, una rtuo a rnit . The transition periods we iad to go nology we use. *";u. -unuged to makemajor change.. through' however, were painful - e.spe- tectrn-otogy work fbr us to saie both time

First, we lay in fullpage ads, the Table ::1lly th":

,l,t"t::t^:f converting from and monJy. And along with our staff, we

of Conrenrs, the Editor?s;;l;;;, i l MicrosoftWord l.0to3.0,andthefius- think you',lt agree, the magazine looks

basis. Next, we place the articles in the Wehopethisarticleoff 'erssometiorder chosen by the editor. Ad.s are place a Aftef ft.niShing all help you

.in your, own publishing

basis. Next, we place the articles in the We hope this article off 'ers some tips to

I roo- we have fbr a sraphic tbr the first we were pretty hesitant to use it on dead-

I pug. of each ar t ic le . l inetoproduceamagazine.Eachoneofus

I fne art director then does most of rhe secretly learned it. not letting the others

I remaining major work in PageMaker. He know that we had broken down and were

I develops the design for each page. adds wil l ing to give it a try. Befbre we knew it,

I graphics, reshapes the text. draws boxes. we'd developed an infbrmal competit ion

I and so on. Then we add the reader service to see who knew the most about Word 3.0.

I numbers Vou see at the end of each article. PageMaker was the problem. Afier we

I pug. numbers. and any otherfine touch- started using Word 3.0. we fbund thatI ups. PageMaker 1.2 didn't l ike Word 3.0 fi les.

I n. each article is f inished. it is printed Tabs were popping out everywhere. textI out and proofread one flnal t ime. Of leading was detaulting ro Auto. and the

| .our.. by now. we're all so tired of look- font type would change. So. unti l Page-I ins at them that it 's easv to iust skim over Maker 2.0 came out. we went back to

I t f rem and say. "Looks gooa." But th is is a us ing Word 1.0. And a l l th is was happen-

I crucial t ime. and they must be proof'ed ing during deadline. Reopening Word

I against the original. In PageMaker, while fi les fiom Word I '0 to 3.0 and going backI you moue text and figures around. it 's to 1.0 was not a fun game.

I iu t l to cul oul sente-nces. e\en para- But PageMaker 2.0 d id come in t ime

I graphs. (Heaven forbid!) and we were all excited - mainly be-

I Once all pages are finished and look cause we wanted to resume using Word

I good. they are sent off to a Linotronic 3.0.

I tvpesetter. At this stage, we get an output Afier our frustration cooled otf, we

I of l200dpi ldotsper inch) ,asopposedto f igured we could handle anyth ing. Two

I our LaserWriter's -100 dpi. The Li- weeks atier we received PageMaker 2.0.

I notronic type is crisp and clear enough to Aldus issued yet another update - Page-go to the printer fbr the final stage - the Maker 2.0a. We just had to laugh.actual printing. Within a full week we wil l And here I sit, laughing one more timehave our final product - "the magazine. " as I hear about yet another new version of

PageMaker. It 's never-ending. Didn't

3 2 M a c i n t o s h H o r i z o n s

orderchosenbytheeditor.Ad.sareplaced AJtef lmlsnmg All nelp you rn your own publrshrng - atwhere space allows, or according to posi- | home or in your business. We're stil ltions requested by the r;;;;r;;r."

-- articles, we copy three leaming about each other's abilities and

A d isk i s p repared e , ' i rh rhe l r rPc t \ e r -

sion or each articre (rig;;:l;i;. ;;; or four short, colorful, ::lHHlL:ffH!:,ii:*:il,"lr#i.ll;HIIffJ#lX1?"IH.1';f"x|.?;,*: lrd intriguins pass,ases il:.',ii:iil'"*;ll?::f;J.,l"ill'*laio- into PageMaker. Once this is done, ffOm the AftiCle tO be view of the individual user. And we willwe save them onto the hard drive. , )), ,. never forget where we came fiom.

Fires are placed i"t;;;;M;ker ac- used as ttteaserst)

or i

::T'#lJ:. l1: iltil',}::-; J,Hi. [ [ " i n s e rt q u o t e s .''

right hand page, where the figures andtables go, and when to leave room fbr an trations of changing fiom PageMaker 1.2a d . N e x t ' w e p r i n t i t o u t ' T h i s f i r s t p r i n t o u t t o 2 . 0 . �tells the real story of how the Word fi le When you work with a good program Please rate this article on tnefi l led the master page of the magazine. for awhile. it 's easy to get set in you.r Reader Service Card by circling:Here's our chance to say, "We don't l ike ways. When the Word 3.0 upd.ate arrived. g1 Excellent 92 Goodthis." or ,.Let's move this somewhere it sat on our shelves fbr a couple of weeks. : _else.', It also sives us un io.o oirro* rnu.lr-r oh. it was installed on the hard clrives. but 93 Fair 94 Poor

LETTERS POLICY

Macintosh Horizons welcomes let-ters from its readers on any topic re-lating to the magazine's content, ex-periences with hardware and software,A.P.P.L.E. serv ices, current issues incomputing, or programming notes. Be-cause of space limitations, not all let-ters can be selected for publication orprinted in their entirety, but we try topresent a representative sample ofyour v iews. l f you would l ike your ad-dress published, please include it nextto your s ignature.

Send to:Macintosh Horizons290 SW 43rd St.Renton, WA 98055

and slammingthought Apple

got MultiFinder. Ia Beta version?"

\:

\^ i,,,

t#

;iiiiiS$\lii;iI itriil,ilr$$

isis,Hr'"ii*.

is, in his very limited spare time,a "Mac developer" - v guy who writes applications for the Mac,hopefully to be sold once completed and really hopefully to make lotsof money for said developer once it hits the market. Anyway, I wasglancing at the desktop on his Mac II, admiring the color display andlusting after the 68020-powered speed the machine was demonstrat-ing, when I noticed that his menu bar's upper right-hand corner hada tiny Macintosh icon on it.

"Hey," I said, trying to keep from grabbing the lapels of his jacket

"Hry," I said, trying to keep from grabbing the lapels of his jacket

First Glimpse at MultiFinderJeff Meyer

,...�

;ti,

him against a wall, "You've

hadn't released it vet. Is this

.ffi'"*'3kt 1 - - + ; S M

was visitins a friend of mine last week

\F

-hi Ra'

D e c e m b e r 1 9 8 7 33

and slamming him against a wall,"You've got MultiFinder. I thoughtApple hadn't released it yet. Is this a Betaversion?" "Nope, it 's the real thing. Theyship it Apple developers a week or twobefore they mail it to the Apple dealers.Want a copy?"

Ha ha. Did I want a copy? Does GeorgeSteinbrenner fire Billy Martin twice ayear? T tried not to appear too anxious asI shoved him out of my way andcrammed a 3.5" f loppy into the Mac'sslot. I had planned to wait for a copy toarrive at my local user group's PublicDomain software library. or until I couldpurchase it from my local Mac dealer -for $49, the new System software comeswith a documentation manual. But I hadrecently had my Mac+ upgraded to 2.5Megabytes of memory, and it was cryingout for MultiFinder, so I jumped at achance to begin working with it a week ortwo early.

Some of you may have used AndyHertzfeld's Switcher in the past. Switcherlet you run several applications at thesame time; for example, you could beworking in Excel, push a button and in-stantly jump to SuperPaint, work there forsome time, and then return to Excel tocontinue where you left off. It saved agreat deal of t ime, since you didn't have toQUIT an application to begin working inanother one - you were working in all ofthem at the same time. The number of ap-olications that could be used at a time was

dependent only on the amount of RAMyour Macintosh had, since each applica-tion was stored in memory at the samet ime.

MultiFinder is almost exactly l ikeSwitcher, except that Switcher was aseparate application; it had to be startedfrom the Finder like any other Macintoshapplication. Essentially, MultiFinder isthe Finder - it f i ts almost invisibly intothe Macintosh interface. You can switchapplications by clicking pull ing down theApple menu, or by clicking on the appli-cation icons in the upper right-hand cor-ner of the menu. Even better. windowsfrom one application can be accessedfrom another application; if you're run-ning SuperPaint and MS Word at thesame time, all the open SuperPaint and

Word documents are on the screen at thesame time. Clicking on a SuperPaint win-dow switches you to SuperPaint and bringsthe SuperPaint window to the front. It'sextremely intuitive and fits in perfectlywith the way you're used to working withthe Mac.

MultiFinder also has the abil ity to per-form some tasks "in the background", i.e.while you do other things on the Mac. Itcomes with a background "spooler" for theLaserWriter, so that you can print to theLaserWriter while you're doing otherwork. Other "background" work will de-pend on the application you're using; theprogram must be written with MultiFinderin mind, so there are very few applicationsthat can take advantage of "background"

work yet. VersaTerm, a Mac communica-tion program (like Red Ryder or MacTer-minal) which I use, allows you to down-load fi les in the background while youwork on other applications - a very nicefeature if you get tired of having your Mactied up for an hour while you're download-ing a large program.

Memory LimitationsOne of the arguments going around in

the Mac community these days is whetherMultiFinder is of any use to someone withonly amegabyte of memory ("only"-oneyear ago, I meg was a huge amount ofmemory for a Mac). I believe the answer isa qualified "yes" - if you only want toswitch between the Finder and one rea-sonably-sized application (l ike MS Wordor Excel). it wil l work fine. Even twoappl icat ions, l ike MacTerminal andMacWrite, can be used at the same time,along with the Finder, and things will runsmoothly. But to get the most out of Multi-Finder, to get serious power usage out of it,you'l l want 2 to 4 megabytes of memory.

34 M a c i n t o s h H o r i z o n s

For instance, I tend to have Word. Ver-saTerm, HyperCard (which takes up a lotof memory, believe me) and the Finderrunning at the same time; this leaves me(with 2.5 megabytes of RAM) about600K of memory left. Just enough to startup another application if I need it.

MultiFinder can be "tumed off ' at anytime - in which case. the Finder is usedexclusively, and the Mac behaves just l ikeit always has. Thus, for those who don'tneed MultiFinder. you needn't use it - oryou can use it on the rare occasion whenit is essential. When you pull down the"About the Finder..." menu item underthe Apple menu while running MultiFin-

will cause the problems the HFS Systemsoftware did, but there will be incompati-bil i t ies. Some programs may simply notrun under MultiFinder. Others will notallow "background" processing. How-ever, remember this: you can alwaysswitch back to "Finder" mode (i.e. turn offMultiFinder) and get them to work there.So you're not suddenly stuck with unus-able software when the new System soft-ware comes out; you just may not be ableto run it all under MultiFinder.

I 've been testing software for the lastcouple of weeks, and have a partial l ist ofprograms which don't run under Multi-Finder. The only ones which actually

will run more slowly under MultiFinder.And those are the only programs I've

had problems with! Not many out of allthe applications on a 20 megabyte harddrive. Just a sampling of the programswhich work fine with MultiFinder: MSWord, VersaTerm, MacWrite, MacDraw.Canvas, More, HyperCard, MacPaint,Excel, MacProject, Double Helix, andPictureBase. Desk Accessories that I 'vehad no problems with: MockWrite,MultiScrap, DiskTop 2.0, Scribbler, ArtRoundup, and (of course) all the AppleDA's. Suitcase doesn't allow you to openDA or Font files while under MultiFinder.but it continues to auto-load them in atboot-up. and it works the same as it use towith MultiFinder off.

If you find out any other programswhich don't work under MultiFinder,drop a note off to the software's manufac-turers or Appte. But remember, new ver-sions will be released soon to take care ofincompatibilities, and (except for those Imentioned at the beginning of this sec-tion) they all run with the MultiFinder-switched off. Of course, after usingMultiFinder for a few days, you're notgoing to want ro switch it off. And then,my friend, you too wil l be a Mult-Addict.Enjoy.

Jeff Me,-er is a soffw'are enginer forthe John Fluke Co. of Seaule, witha BS in Computer Science and aBA in Math. He is also a board member of rhe Mac dBUG in SEattle. Heis c'urrently researching an episodeof "ln Search Of... " dealing with therumored eristence of OSl2.

Please rate this article on theReader Service Card by circling:

101 Excel lent 102 Good

der, a graph wil l show you how muchmemory you have left, and how muchmemory is being used by the various ap-plications. Consulting this wil l let you seeif you have enough memory to run theapplications you want to under MultiFin-der.

CompatibilityHere's a question for you Mac users of

a year or two ago: remember when thenew Mac System sofiware came out withHFS? It was a trying time for a fewmonths. Lots of Public Domain applica-tions, and not a few purchased ones,would either blow up, or not work cor-rectly, under the new System software.After three or fbur months went by, newrevisions of software had come out. andthere were no more problems; but it was apain while it lasted.

I don't think this new Svstem software

blow up are applications that used to try todo "background" processing under theold Finder. Several LaserSpoolers andspoolers to the Imagewriterdon't seem towork: and the QDial DA, which woulddial BBS phone numbers while you didother work, also seems to be completelyunusable. Microsoft Works 1.0 wouldn'tstart under MultiFinder; however, a newversion is supposed to be coming out verysoon. PowerStation, a push-button con-trol panel application for quickly openingapplications and documents on the Mac,sti l l has a few quirks, but a new versionshould be out in January. SuperPaint canrun very slowly, and wil l occasionallyglitch - hitting the Full Page optioncauses the mouse to freeze. Sil icon Beachpromises SuperPaint 1.1 wil l be fullycompatible with MultiFinder (and theMac II). And a good number of games thatdemand a lot of animation on the screen

D e c e m b e r 1 9 g 7

103 Fair 104 Poor

35

HyperTalk TutorialPart 1The HyperCard Hierarchy

Jetf Stoddard

his is the first of a series oflessons on the HyperTalklanguage. We'l l start outwith the basics and ad-vance to more sophist i -cated topics.

HyperTalk is the language of Hyper-Card scripts. (In the HyperCard system a"script" is what we have traditionallycalled a "program.") Most of you haveprobably already seen the Script Editor.where you can write and alter yourscripts. You get to the editor by pressingthe "Script" button on an object's infb...box.

The operation of HyperTalk scripts isintimately l inked with the structure of theHyperCard environment. HyperCard iscomposed of objects, which are the but-tons, f ields, cards, backgrounds, andstacks that you work with in HyperCard.The two other objects in HyperCard arethe Home stack, and HyperCard itself,which acts l ike a singular big object.

Try to Be ObjectiveThe objects of HyperCard are organ-

ized in a tiered hierarchy. At the top levelappear all the buttons and fields of yourstacks. The next level is composed of thecards. Then comes the backgrounds ofstacks. and finally the stacks themselves.Beneath the stack level is the Home stacklevel. and at the very bottom is the Hyper-Card level. The setup is simple: we caneasily picture stacks,which contain back-grounds. which contain cards, whichcontain buttons and fields. Note that but-tons and fields share the top level of thehierarchy.

Each level of the hierarchy is a differ-ent kind of HyperCard object. and be-cause HyperCard is at the bottom (thebase of the pyramid of objects), it can bethought of as one large object.

The object hierarchy is a key conceptin HyperTalk scripting because Hyper-Talk is an object-oriented programminglanguage. It operates by sending mes-

sages from one object to another. At timesthis message passing can become quitecomplex. However. it is govemed by ageneral principle: messages must alwaysproceed downward in the object hierar-chy. (Actually, we'l l see laterthat you canbreak this general rule with the Hyper-Talk Send command. but otherwise it 'strue. )

Sending HyperMessagesWhat kind of messages can you send

down the hierarchy'lWe wil l see later that everything in

HyperTalk is govemed by the flow ofmessages. This includes the variousHyperTalk commands, the menu selec-tions. and events which occur in theHyperCard environment. A HyperCard"event" can be the act of pressing downthe mouse button, transferring to a newcard, opening a new stack. closing a stack,and so on. For events l ike these, Hyper-Card generates automatic "system" mes-

"ffiw

A . ' .lU

36 M a c i n t o s h H o r i z o n s

sages which it sends down the objecthierarchy.

There are three different sets of auto-matic system messages. which are clas-sif ied by the kind of object that receivesthem. They are: l) the messages sent tobuttons, 2) the messages sent to fields,and 3) the messages sent to cards.

To give you a flavor of these systemmessages. these are all the messages sentt o H y e r C a r d b u t t o n s : m o u s e U p ,m o u s e D o w n . m o u s e S t i l l D o w n .mouseEnter , mouseWith in, mouse-Leave. newButton. deleteButton.

As you can see. the system messagesare pretty much self-explanatory. ThenewButton message is sent to a buttonright afier it 's been created. and thedeleteButton message is sent to a buttonright befbre it 's going to be deleted.

But what good are all these messages'?The powerof the scr ipt ing envi ronment isits abil ity to intercept and make use ofmessages (system and other). Messages

Basic Handter Formal

on mouseUp

,,D$:ubl$; hfpfttrs indicomments.

: E*;ansrJy€r:iltliithor,eiY.burye:, r:EeGhed: a,muusetJ$:fiaudler"':

end mouseUp

are intercepted by message "handlers."

which are the basic script units of Hyper-Talk.

More than likely, you've already seena mouseUp or other handler. They have avery simple format, which is i l lustrated inTable l. The header (top) l ine is com-posed of the word "on." followed by thename of the message it wil l "catch." Thelast l ine is composed of the word "end"

tbllowed by the same message name. Inthe middle l ies any set of HyperTalk state-ments that you wish to be interpretedwhen the message is intercepted.

Once a message has been interceptedin a handler, it is stopped. It does not gopast the object whose script contains thehandler unless the message is explicit ly"passed" through the handler with a passstatement, which takes the fbrm "pass

mes:ageName." When a message is ex-plicitely passed out of a handler, anyremaining statements in the handler areskipped, and the message proceeds downthe object hierarchy.

MouseUp!To il lustrate this entire process, let's

go through a little scenario which in-volves a mouseUp message.

Suppose we have a stack with twobackgrounds. In one of the backgroundsthere is a card with a single button on it.Further. let's suppose that neither thebutton. the card. the background the cardis on. nor the stack has a mouseUp handlerin it. The Home stack, however, does havea mouseUp handler in it. and the handlercontains the statement: pass mouseUp.

Now let's suppose you go to the cardthat has the button on it, position themouse over the button, and press andrelease the mouse button. Here's whathappens:

A mouseUp message is sent to thebutton when the mouse's button is re-leased. No mouseUp handler is found inthe button's script, so the message ispassed down to the next level of themessage hierarchy - the card level. NomouseUp handler is found there either, sothe mouseUp message is passed to thenext lower level - the background level.Sti l l no mouseUp handler. so the messagepasses to the enxt level - the stack level.But sti l l no mouseUp handler. so themessage goes to the Home stack level.

Finally. it f inds a mouseUp handler.The HyperTalk statements of the handlerare interpreted unti l the pass mouseUpstatement is encountered. which causesthe handler to end and the mouseUpmessage to continue down the hierarchy.It can only go next to the bottom level.HyperCard itself, which doesn't do any-thing with the mouseUp message.

Most system messages, if they reachthe bottom HvperCard level, wil l just beabsorbed and cause nothing to happen. Itis up to the scripter to intercept and makeuse of the automatic system messages.

The Rest of the StoryRemember that there are two other

sets of automatic messages. Just so Iwon't leave you in the dark, I ' l l l ist themall now. Many are self-explanatory andamenahle to exper imentat ion.

The system messages sent to fields:mouseUp. mouseDown, mouseSt i l l -Down (these three messages require thatthe f ield's text be locked in order for themto be sent). mouseEnter, mouseWithin,mouseLeave, newFie ld, deleteFie ld,openField. closeField (these last twomessages require the field's text to beunlocked in order for them to be sent).

The system messages sent to cards:

D e c e m b e r 1 9 8 7

mouseUp, mouseDown, mouseStil l-Down (The last three messages requirethat the mouse not be in any button or fieldboundary in order for them to be sent.),newCard, deleteCard, openCard, close-Card, newBackground, deleteBack-ground, openBackground, closeBack-ground, newStack, deleteStack, open-Stack, closeStack, startup, idle, quit,help. suspend, resume, tabKey, enterKey,returnKey, arrowKey parameter, con-trolKey parameter, functionKey par-amter. cantUnderStand.

openBackground is sent when the"Background" selection in the Edit menuis checked, and closeBackground is sentwhen the "Background" selection is un-checked.

cantunderstand is supposed to be sentwhen HyperTalk can't understand a state-ment, but frankly, I can't see that it worksyet. The returnKey message also seemsunresponsive. as does the deleteBack-ground message and the controlKeymessage.

If you understand what parameters are(if not. don't worry, we'l l get to them in afuture column), arrowKey's parameter ispassed either the constant up, down, left,or right. functionKey's parameter ispassed a number from I to 15, dependingon which function key has been pressedon an extended keyboard.

If you want to experiment with mes-sages and the object hierarchy, you canwrite simple handlers which incorporatean answer command of the form: answer"You have reached the stack 1's script."Alter the text string to show yourselfwhere you are. The answer commandgives you a box with the string in it and anOK button to press when you're donereading the text string. Also, incorporateany other r ' 'rmmands whOse meaningsyou can divine from the scripts that camewith your HyperCard system.

In the next part of this series, we'l ldiscuss how you name objects in yourscripts, as well as some more commands.Unt i l then - happy exper iment ing.

JeJf Sroddard is a free-lance writerand programmer v,ho graduated .fiomBerkeley with a degree in Applied Math.He is the author of a Pascal-written hy-pertext program, and tutrtrs at DeanzaJunior College in Cupertino, California.

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J I

(some fallen apples)

?wwPhilip C. Russell

Apple recently reduced memoryprices. The reduction was sired by Multi-Finder out of HyperCard with a nudgefrom the Fortune 500. One meg for theMac II went from $349 to $249. Twomegs forthe Plus. SE orII wentfrom $999(whew) to $599 (how did they do that'?)

Makes you sort of wonder about theoriginal prices... hmmm.

aAdobe's new color Postscript driver

(by QMS for a Mitsubishi print engine)uses wax-based color ink which "melts"

onto the paper, pixel row by pixel row.($20.000)

aHold down the Shift key (isn't that a

marvelous key'l) while selecting Fit inWindow in Pagemaker 2.0 and you get...FIT IN WORLD. This view shows youthe entire pasteboard, even when in facingpages mode. Makes it handy to store lotsof often-used graphics all around thepasteboard. Aldus didn't put this hint inthe manual - shades of Bil l Atkinson!

aThere is now a Chinese operating

system for the Mac, called "Zhongwen-

Talk." Hope I got that right. This is thel6th language version of the Mac so far.

aLook for CD-ROM to heat uo RSN

38

(read that Real Soon Now). Apple's CD-ROM drive is about ready and so are somethird party drives. Everyone is waiting fbrApple, since they don't want to be incom-patible with Apple's scheme of things.

Look for Microsoft "Bookshelf." aCD-ROM packed with all kinds of refer-ence books on a single disk. to be pack-aged with Apple's CD-ROM drive.

HyperCard is l ikely to become the"front end" of choice for searching CD-ROM disks o l 'a l l k inds.

aAlso on the horizon: A Microsofi

"low-end" word processor called Micro-soft Write. Funny, "low-end" word proc-essor also means "executive" word proc-essor. Figure that one out. I wouldn'ttouch it with a ten foot pole.

Sounds demeaning about the abil ity ofCEOs and big wigs to operate a "real"

word processor. doesn't it. Actually."executive" refers to the fact that execu-tives won't be using heavy-duty capabil i-ties fbr the kind of word processing theydo. They don't need Word 3.0.

When FullWrite Professional comesout, nobody wil l, huh?

aBefore you rush right out and buy a

General Personal Laser Printer. think onthis: Programs which don't print out wellwith it include Red Ryder 10.0, CricketDraw, Excel, FullPaint, HyperCard( H Y P E R C A R D ? ? ? ? ) , M a c P a i n t ,

M a c i n t o s h H o r i z o n s

MacWrite, Pagemaker 2.0, SuperPaint,Word 3.0, I l lustrator and Express.

Had enough? Did I miss any main-stream Mac power user program? Maybea couple, but that's all. Is that enoughincompatibil i ty tbr your buns?

Small font sizes and hairl ines alsosuff'er on the General, so stop saluting.

aWant to sell a Mac? Of course not.

unless you are moving up to an SE or aMac II. But if you do want to sell, MacH-eaven at 70-5--528-4043 buys them. Atpresstime they were paying $300 forI 28s. $500 for 5 I 2s and $700 for 5 1 2Es.Prices are said to fluctuate as much as$100 a day .

aA ruggedized (don't you love that

word?) Mac II is making its way to factoryfloors. It 's the Al90 from Automatix. Ittalks to factory floor workers through alarge speaker. Automatix already hasmore than 1,000 automated systems in-stalled, and the A 190 wil l f ind its way intomany of these systems.

aWhen climbing or descending stairs or

a ladder in Dark Castle. hold down the"duck" key. MacUser reports. When youreach the top/bottom, you will be "walk-

ing on air." You can even walk right overthe guy with the whip and mace him overthe head. You can actually stand sti l l in

the air and watch the boulders roll byunderneath if you use this option withcarel

aYou can dump a screen snapshot

(Command/Shift/3) of Option and Shift/Option keyboards. And it is easy. Youdon't need Camera, as many have advisedin the past. Here's how:. Open Key Caps. Hold down Option

Press the mouse. hold it down with thecursor away from the KeyCaps dis-play.Release Option (continue to holdmouse down)Press Command/Shift/3Release Command/Shift/3 (remem-ber, mouse is sti l l held down)Press Option key and hold it downRelease mouseWait a couple of seconds to let the Macget started making your screen dump,then release the Option keyClose KeyCaps and look for yourScreen 0 dumpThe same procedure will take a screen

snapshot of Option/Shift KeyCaps. Justadd the Shift key to all Option key opera-tions above.

aWhy aren't the fonts in Microsoft

Word ( I .05 & 3.0 but not 3.01): l isted inthe fbnt dialog (and menu) in alphabeticalorder? Indeed, what order ARE they in'?To pacify the anti-mousers, every com-mand in Word 3.0 (and most in 1.05) canbe made from the keyboard, includingfont choice.

The keys used for font selection in-clude a number key to specify which fontyou want. This number relates to theposition of the desired font on the menu,starting with 0. So the second fbnt on themenu is chosen by keying the number l,the third with 2. etc. For this to work in aconsistent way, the fbnts are l isted inorder of their lD numbers.

Since Apple has reserved for itself thefirst couple of dozen ID numbers, the firstfonts on the Word font menu are consis-tently the original Apple fonts, and in thesame order. Chicago, New York (or Bos-ton), and Geneva, etc., come first, then theLaserWriter fonts. Non-Apple fonts arerelegated to the higher numbers, too highfor the key-select ion convenience towork!

aYou can save a headline in Pase-

maker, or a whole page, for that matter,and "place" it l ike any other text orgraphic. This means that it can then beresized. stretched, shrunk, or expanded.

In the Print dialog box, hold downOption and select Print. You get anotherdialog box. Check EPS and anything elsethat appeals to you. Click Print and youare back in your document.

Residing on disk is a new fi le contain-ing your headline or page. Place it l ike youwould any graphic. Now you can stretch,crop or scale to your heart's content.

aAre INITs giving you fits? These

usefu l l i les that load into memory onstartup as long as they're in the Systemtblder, can do lots of handy things frompatching bugs in the System fi le to pro-viding most of the benefits of a big screenmoni tor . But they can somet imes inter-f'ere with one another, causing systemerTors on startup or screen freezes later.

Loading order is ofien the problem.INITs are loaded in alphabetical order byname, so changing an INIT's name willadjust its position in the waiting l ine,Doug Miles of Ellensburg, Washington,reports. For instance, Big Screen INITmay interf'ere with a couple of other INITswhose names start with C and F. thus areloaded afier Big Screen. Changing BigScreen's name to zBig Screen to make itload later seems to make them all happier.Me too!

aAutomatically pack a group of f i les

together with Packrt? Sure; just dragPackit and your fi les (no other applica-tions. please) out onto the grey desktop,select them all and choose Open from theFinder's File menu. Packit wil l pack allthe fi les in one .pit f i le without your hav-ing to intervene. Then Choose Put Awayfrom the Finder's File menu and every-thing wil l retum to its proper place.

aHow deep can you nest folders? Mi-

chael Waitsman of Chicago's The Rest ofUs got to 1 32 and quit out of sheer bore-dom. Anyone want to take up the chal-lenge.

By the way, 132 nested folders didn'tadd a solitary byte or k! Where does it allgo?

J

If a HyperCard stack has been user-limited, but has no password protection,you can override the l imits. Hold down

the Command key while you lower theFile menu. Guess what? There is theProtect Stack menu item. You can use it tochange your user level.

aIf a HyperCard stack shows only the

Browse level, you should first go to theUser Preference Card (one before theHome Card) and make sure your desiredlevel is selected. If the author intendedyou to have that level, it wil l now beavailable.

aHyperCard printing works better with

Smoothing and Precision BitMap Align-ment selected in Page Setup.

aWhen typing graphics text in Hyper-

Card, you can move up and down throughthe sizes with Command key plus < or >keys. Walk through all your fonts withCommand/Shift plus < and > keys.

aIf a stack always hides the menu bar,

open the stack's script and look for a "hide

menubar" entry. Remove it. If you don'tfind it in the stack script, try the cardscript(s) unti l you find it. It 's in theresomewhere.

Of course you could use Command/spacebar to toggle the menu bar on and offeach time you need it or want to hide it.

tWe know, we know! You can't use

Cut, Copy and Paste from the menu whilea Script window in HyperCard is open. Souse the keyboard equivalents - Com-mand plus X, C and V - because thatDOES work.

Phil l ip Russell runs his own smalldesktop publishing business .from an of-

fice orerlooking the Pacific Ocean on theOregon Coast. He communes with his1981 t,intage Macintosh amid an oddassortment of racoons and bears. He hashad articles published in Mat:User,Macazine, and Macintosh Horizons.

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39

Microsoft and theMacintosh IIJeff Raikes

Configuration ConfusionMo.st important is the connectivit iy of the Mac II. There's a

JeJf Raikes is Director of Applications MorketingJor Micro-soft. Since 1984, JeJf has been the chief strategist behindMicrosoft's dominant position in Mac opplications and PCw'ord processing. His currentfocus is on defining Microsrft'sstrateg\ for addressing the grou'ing office automation ondinte grated office systems markets.

Raikes spoke on a panel titled "Mac II: An ArchitectureWith Legs" at the COMDEX conJerente and t'.tpttsirion onNovember 3rd. His remarks were rec'orded and transcribed b,r"Charles Stillman, Ph.D.. the publisher of Macintosh Horizons.

s the Mac currently a business machine? Yes, but it 's in-dividually oriented. The Mac II will take the Mac frombeing individually oriented to being a well-connectedbusiness machine. The key elements of the Mac II thatallow that to happen are the higher horsepower. speed.larger memory, color, and its open architecture.

moving into the network world and into areas of connectivity.

What To Look ForThe greatest opportunity Microsoft sees because of these

directions is what we like to call "Personal Computer-BasedIntegrated Office Systems." What we think an integrated officesystem means is putting together the applications software, thesystem software, and the hardware to maximize both individ-ual and workgroup productivity. As I mentioned earlier, wefocus on quite a few workstation applications. Because of thepower of the Mac II and the advances in the system softwarethat Apple is making with the Mac II, we see some important

One of Apple's key advantages isthey have a very simple andconsistent platform both for

leadership.

advances in applications.Another thing to look fbr is better and better data exchange

and integration. This will come about because of the newinterprocess communications capabil ity we've been talkingabout. Also, you can look for increasingly rich output, theability to more effectively communicate your thoughts be-cause you can do bold and italic and different fonts and stylesand shading - and you can now use color.

We will also see an increase in the programmability ofapplications. One of Excel's most popular features is its macrocapability. With more and more horsepower in the hardware,we expect over the next two to three years to extend thatprogrammability across applications. It should be much easierfor the end users to define a solution to their problem thatcrosses the boundary between spreadsheets and word process-ing and takes advantage of each of the workstation applica-tions.

I see that not only as an important way to improve end userproductivity, but as an important opportunity for resellers. If

very simple, consistent upgrade path throughout the Macintosh ^ -^ -tline. rt is not the same in the MS-DOS *o.rO, *r,...;;;;;; end users and applications

developers. Apple is continuing

;"JHiil R?,1,,?H,',?3, ff i ?i,1 ??;Tii,Y#i:n ff I *l it s g r ap hic at u s e r int e rfa c eseries of user interf-ace anarchy problems. Everyone does it hisown way, and there is a reasonable amount of configuration

interface, meaning Presentation Manager (set fbr delivery inOctober of '88), or without the graphical user interface? Thenext two years at least are going to be a little bit confusing.

One of Apple's key advarriages is they have a very simple andconsistent platform both for end users and applications develop-ers. Apple is continuing its graphical user interface leadership.

Let me give you one good example of that from my ownexperience that applies to many of the end users, especiallycorporate end users. On Friday I was in Scott Oki's office. He'sthe Senior VP of sales and marketing. He's in a completelydifferent building. He wanted to see my Three Year Plan for theapplications area. So I used the Chooser (on the Mac), selectedthe AppleTalk zone for Applications Marketing, picked out myserver, opened up my fi le (this was all just using the mouse andclicking), and then just selected the Three Year Plan, which wasan Excel spreadsheet, and dropped it onto Scott's desktop. I wasable to that in a matter of 30 seconds.

I won't go through what it would take to do that in the PCworld. It has a lor to do with "NETUSE D://ABSMARKET-ING:", and so on and so forth - a fairly cryptic approach in thePC world.

So Apple has not only taken leadership in (developing a)graphical user interface on the workstation itself, they are also

40 M a c i n t o s h H o r i z o n s

they can increase their knowledge of the macro languages andprogrammability, they wil l be able to help their customers andadd value to the product.

Applications for NetworksThe applications that I mentioned are going to be enhanced

because they now will be operating on a set of workstations tiedtogether on a network. You'll have transparent access to dataacross the network and even to other systems. You as the usershould be able to go grab sales information and not have to carewhether it 's on the server, on the workstation. or on some hostsystem.

In addition, we wil l see support for collaboration inworkgroup efforts, things like annotations, not only just on wordprocessing, but on spreadsheets and other products. You'll beable to circulate a document, get comments on that document,and then use that as a tool to imDrove the content of thedocument.

Beyond work group enhancements, we'l l see whole newapplications come into existence and grow in sales because ofthe increasing use of Macintoshes in work groups. That wasclearly the reason why Microsoft decided to acquire InterMail(now called Microsoft Mail), and why we are now investing veryheavily in it and extending it to be connected into other environ-ments - a very important request we get from our customers.That will also provide the foundation fbr additional workgroupapplications l ike calendars. scheduling, and document l ibrarymanagement.

We (at Microsoft) sometimes have l0 or l5 people in aworkgroup that has a library of two or three thousand docu-ments, so you really need to be able to allow somebody to findthe documents they're looking for without much diff iculty.

Clearly, mixed environments are going to be very, veryimportant. We have corporate customers with a combination ofMacs and PC's. One of the concerns expressed to someone atMicrosoft was, why should you buy a Macintosh if Windowsand Presentation Manager are here? Don't they hurt the sales ofthe Macintosh?

I think. if anything, Macintosh sales have really taken offsince April 2nd (when IBM announced OS/2). I think rhere aresome simple reasons why. First of all, prior to that t ime, Applewas involved in a tough religious battle with IBM, and it 's verydifficult to argue religion. Macs were often viewed as toysbecause of the user interface. But the big news in the April 2ndannouncement by IBM was graphics. Effectively, graphics gotthe Big Blue blessing. And so now the world is all very excitedabout graphics. And of course who has it across all of theirsystems today? Of course, Apple does. I think that has reallyhelped Apple.

One religious battle has gone away, and now it has becomean issue of who has taken leadership in graphics and who isproviding the best platform for doing applications that exploitthe graphical user interface? Microsoft is involved in doingapplications in both areas. We have recently introduced Micro-soft Excel fbr the Windows operating environment and that'sshipping this week. However, I believe the Macintosh environ-ment has certain f'eatures that make a spreadsheet work evenbetter in that environment. lt's part of Microsoft's strategy tocontinue to exploit the unique extensions that Apple puts into theMacintosh.

Inaglne your.€lf r. the irerte.t proinmmerln the worldl

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Programming for Two EnvironmentsWe are not going to be doing lowest common denominator

software. We're going to be doing software in both environ-ments. And that's where it helps the coroporate customers,because they will able to have the same spreadsheet products forboth the PC and the Macintosh, in other words, minimize theirtraining and support. At the same time, they allow users to choosewhich environment they prefer.

Microsoft and the Mac - Looking AheadTo do our job, we need real multitasking. MultiFinder's a

good step, but you have to move toward interprocess communi-cations so that you can really support this exchange of databetween applications. You have to have pre-emptive schedulingso that you can really do your connectivity applications success-fully.

Apple also needs to extend their work in areas such asdirectory services so that an electronic mail package can findusers no matter where they are in the corporate environment.

In short, we're very excited about the foundation of the MacII. It really provides a new dimension in productivity. Workgroupproductivity is the most important dimension, but there will besignificant enhancements in individual productivity.

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Whistle While You WorksA Look at Microsoft Works 1.1, MacSink and CameraBill Kaye

Microsoft Works 1.1Upgrade $25.00New $295.00

Microsofi has upgraded Works, an integrated program withword processing, spreadsheet. charting, database. and commu-nications modules. It now reportedly works on a Mac II. betteron large-screen monitors, and on AppleShare and other net-

works. The zoom box has been added to appropriate windowsand l4 windows can now be opened. if memory allows' insteadof 10. I t is now 353K in s ize as opposedto vers ion 1.0 's 327KSIZC.

There are a couple of minor changes in the word processormodule. First, manually inserted page breaks now look diff'er-ent from automatically shown ones. Second, it 's now easier tomove the left indent marker (grab near the top) and the first lineindent marker (grab near the bottom) separately when they siton top ofeach other.

The biggest changes were made in the communicationsmodule. In the Settings... item dialog box (Figure 1) under theCommunications menu, not only can you choose the originalWorks terminal emulation, (this is TTY {or emulation of anASCII termlnalI though I hadn't known it), you can nowchoose VT52 or VTl00 emulation modes. These new modes

will allow a Works user to communicate with many morecomputers such as those made by DEC. When choosing VT52or VT I 00 modes. two check boxes are enabled. In the first box(Auto-wrap) you can choose whether or not text will automati-cally start a new line when the right side of the screen isreached. If you choose the second box (Newl-ine), when thehost computer sends a character, a new line is started. When theMac return key is typed, Works sends both a caniage return anda line feed to the host computer.

The most welcome improvement for my interests (I wil lprobably never use VT52 or VTl00 emulation modes) is theoption to select the number of successive windows the programwill allow you to scroll back to see. In the previous version, ifa computer sent you more than one windowful in an unstop-pable burst and you wanted to see something that had disap-peared offthe top ofthe screen, you were out ofluck unless youhad saved to disk. Now you can specify that from I to 100windowfuls (memory allowing) be saved while you're tele-communicating!

Microsoft has made several other welcome communica-tions changes. First, you can set Works to begin capturing textas soon as a Communication document is opened. There's acheck box for this in the Setting... dialog box. Second, the bugthat didn't allow the program to dial a 1200 BAUD modem at

42 M a c i n t o s h H o r i z o n s

world of the Macintosh, Works' basic modules are easy to use,perform well, and exchange data easily. The LI upgrade hasdone nothing to diminish this, the communication module,particularly, getting important new features. After a year ofusing this program, I can report that I am still delighted with it.

McSink 3.1by Dave McWherter

McSink is a 22K DA that provides many useful textmanipulation and fi le commands (see listing). For the textmanipulation commands, you select the text you wish tochange and then select the command. I found that it workedwell but it may not work within all software. It 's free.

Upper caseCapitalize sentencesForm paragraphsSort l inesColumnize l inesIndent

Lower caseCapitalize wordsWord wrap to lengthReverse order l ines

Unindent300 BAUD has been fixed. Third. there's a new menu. theKeypad menu that is totally unmentioned by the l l pagebooklet explaining 1.1's new features and by the Helpfi le,which appears to be the same one that was shipped with theoriginal version nearly a year ago and has no mention of thenew features. Maybe this menu, whose boxes can be selectedwith the mouse, is handy for VT52 or VT I 00 emulation modes.

The final change is an improvement in the printing ofmailing labels. Any time you set the custom page height in thePage Setup Dialog box to 1.5 inches or less. Works wil l doextra calculations so that label jamming, caused by theImagewriter roll ing back and fbrth. is avoided. lt worked thesingle time I tried it.

I rev iewed Works 1.0 fbr MacA.P.P.L.E. (Macintosh

Horizons) about a year ago. Below, from that article. is the l istof the most important improvements I felt needed to beimplemented.. I 'd l ike the option to word wrap long fields in both the fbrm

view of the DB and when merging in the WP.. You should be able to print three-across mailing labels.. I 'd l ike to eliminate the need of sometimes having to trans-

pose data to chart it. It seems, the way I set up SS and DB, Ialways have to transpose it! l t 's a pain. Let the chart programfigure out how to chart the data without transposing it

. I seem to l ike to work with text in equations. Please allow"normal" usage of text in equations in the SS and DB.

. The decimal tab should be added to the WP module.

. I 'd l ike to have the option to be able to scroll back through asession during a modem communlcaton.

. Thebugthatdoesn' ta l lowtheprogramtodia l a 1200BAUDmodem at 300 BAUD should be fixed.

As you can see, all my communication module wants havebeen fulf i l led. That Microsofi didn't put a decimal tab in theword processor in this upgrade, though, I f lnd incredible. Doesthat mean they never shift spreadsheet material to the wordprocessor'l And labels - I l ike to print 3-across labels and amstil l using OverVUE for this even though it would be muchmore convenient to have my mailing l ist in Works. Maybe I cansetup HyperCard to import my mailing label data and print itout through it.

Though I complain, I f ind I do all my word processing,spreadsheeting, and communications in Works. (lsn't this thebest recommendation I can give a program?) Only the databasemodule seems too weak for my taste. Within the software

Add prefix string Add suffix stringConvert tabs to spaces Convert space runs to tabsAdd line numbers Strip l ine numbersAdd comment chars Strip comment charsAdd linef'eeds Strip l inefeedsSet parameters Add ln's & commentsHex icon bit map Cursor locationRead File Save AsPrint Delete FileFile Info List Files

Cameraby Keith A. Esau

Peggy wanted me to print out the Key Caps windows(regular, shifted. option, and option/shifted) for Cairo fontwhich included a f 'ew picture characters I had created usingFontastic. She wanted the 4 windows put on one sheet of paperso she could simply look at the sheet and see what characterswere available and which keys had to be pressed to get them.

This seemed like no problem at f irst because getting aMacPaint file picture of the Key Caps window (or any Macscreen) is just a matter of pressing the Command-Shift-3 keystogether when the KC window is showing on the screen (a beepand no Screen 0 MacPaint file may mean there wasn't enoughdisk space). Alas, though I was successful at getting "screen

dumps" of the regular and shitied windows, neither dump,which required the option key to be pressed, would occur since

D e c e m b e r 1 9 8 7 43

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Macintosh is a tradsmark of ADDIe Computer Inc. Spa@Edit is a trademark of Abvsnt

a dump will occur only when just the Command-Shift-3 keysare pressed.

One answer to this dilemma is a desk accessory that hasbeen available since 198-5. Camera. When you choose it fromunder the Apple menu, you are presented with the dialog boxshown in Figure 2. Click the appropriate buttons, choose a l-60 second delay, select OK. and after the prescribed delay ascreen dump will be made no matter what keys are pushed ormenus are dropped. Quit, open, save, and other disk accesscommands are the only operations not allowed. Camera is freeand does not work on an SE or a II.

(EDITOR'S NOTE: For another way to do this. see PhilRussell 's "Out of My Tree" column in this issue.)

Kinko's Academic Gourseware ExchangeI just got my Kinko's 135 page. Fall 1987 catolog of Mac

and Apple l l educational sofiware written for the college level.The Mac software is divided among the fbllowing topics:Authoring Tools, Biology. Chemistry, Computer Science.Engineering, General Purpose, Geography. History. Humani-ties, Law. Math and Statistics. Music. Nutrit ion, Philosophy.Physics. Psychology, and Sociology. There are about 90 pro-grams fbr the Mac, costing between $8 and $40. If you want toorder this free catolog, order software or have questions, call800-235-6919: in Califomia 800-292-6640; outside the U.S.805-967-0 r 92.

Not all these programs are necessarily iust fbr collegestudents. There is an outl iner; a spell ing checker; maps ofstates. countries, and the world; and a diet (nutrit ion) program,among others.

TipI just upgraded my 5 I 2KE Mac to a Mac Plus (now I can use

HyperCard!). The Mac Plus owner's guide you get with theupgrade mentions a way to bypass the memory test if you don'twant to wait for it to get done each time you restart your Mac (themore memory, the longer the wait). Hold down the mousebutton. switch on vour Mac. and release it after the beep.

Please rate this article on theReader Service Card by circl ing:

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9-Track Tape Subsystemfor the Macintosh- ::i,,iBritlge tht' M acrttt osltCcunnutt ic at tot tsGapt iL,ith:o Msirfrarttesc Mtt t icornpt tersc Microct tnt l tutersr Netuor/ .s

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r r . r . l a h l , . l : 0 0 F 1 ' l . J 1 . , , 1 ' r , ' r r , l . , l ! \ r r l - r l - i - \ \ - r , a l " r l - x h , . r p . r , i t rhacLup o l vour r i11rd d isk . The NI INISTRI :A l \ lE IL taP( ' subs \ ' ! l tm inc ludes

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Call -A.P.P.L.E. magazine(Apple l l lGS)and/orMacintosh Horizons magazine

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In addi t ion to the A.P.P.L.E. consul tants l is ted in Ca1l 'A.P.P.L.E. . we havean independent list of consultants lbr Macintosh-specific questions. Mat in-tosh Hori:ons consultants are unpaid volunteers and perform a valuableservice. Before placing a call, make sure you know the time zone you arecal l ing. No cal ls af ter 9:00 p.m. p lease. Somet imes a consul tant wi l l have youleave your name and number and later retum your cal l . In a l l ta i rness. p leaseexpect the retum cal l to be col lect . Our l is t is short to begin wi th. Would youlike to add your name with your area of interest and expertise? We'd love tohave you. Please drop us a note Llo Churlie Stillnrar with your qualificationsand availability. The codes to the right of phone numbers ret'er to timc zones.

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The lollowing items are selected by our editorial stafl from the large number of product announcements and news releases sent to us daily. They are presentedsolely to keep you informed about the current market for Apple related hardware and software. As we have not tested many of these products, appearancehere does not necessarily represent endorsement or recommendation by A.P.P.L.E. Further information about items appearing in the Macinplace can beobtained through the Reader Service Card. lf you contact any manufacturers directly, please mention that you learned about them in MacA,P.P.L.E,

Stackware ProgramsActivision announces two

Stackware programs written byDanny Goodman. author of n?eC omp lete H vpercard H a nd boo Aand one of the first "outsiders"

to see Hypercard Take shape atApple over the past eighteenmonths.

Focal PointFocal Point is a customi-

zable inlbrmation managementsystem offering instant access tolinked desktop accessories toorganize the business day. Usingthe linking power Hypercard.Focal Point features vital,integrated busrness tools fbrt ime and schedule management.project management. data basemanagement and te lecommuni -cations. There are eighteen"l inked" appl icat ions includinga monthly and daily appoint-ment calendar, to-do l ist.address cards. telephone speeddialer. telephone log, deadlinereminder, bi l l ing log, expensereports, notepad. and otheraccessories that can be tai loredthe user . One erample : I f aconsultant wants to cal l a cl ient,he or she only has to select thecl ient 's name. Focal Point wi l llook up the cl ient 's name in theaddress book. dial the appropri-ate telephone number, and goimmediately to an outgoingte lephone log w i th the da le .time, person and phone numberalreadl entered on a form l'orbi l l ing. Price: S99.95.

Business ClassBusiness Class turns the

Mac in tosh in to an in lb rmat rvetravel planning tool providingthe world at your f ingert ips.Combining graphics and stacksof categorized information, theprogram provides thousands ofpractical travel facts for over 60countries around the worldWith the information branchingcapabilities of Hypercard, usershave instant access to informa-

tion on currency exchange rates,\. \eather. l ime zones. sociaLcus tom\ and more . In add i t ion . ubu i l t - in te lephone in te r faccal lows instant connection wilhphone reservation services suchas air l ines and hotels. Al ierplanning a tr ip with theprograms itinerary builder,needed cards can be printed in anumber of convenient sizes lorportable. at a glance ret'erenceinformation while travel ing.Price: $;19.9.5.

Activision, Inc.. 2350Bayshore Parku ly. MountainV iew. CA 94043. (415) 960-0 4 1 0 .

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Associated PressStylebook

Digital Leaming Systems.announces the publication of adiskette-based version of theAssociated Press Stylebook.Designed as a memory residentcompanion to al l word process-ing programs, the KeyNotes APStylebook gives personalcomputer users instant access tothe complete text of thecountry's most respectedreference and style guide.

Personal computer usersgain access to the Stylebookduring normal word proces:ingoperations by pressing adesignated "hot key." Thisopens a "window'" on thecomputer screen. through whicha series of menus guide the userto rhe appropriate Stylebookentry. There's even a searchmode tha t au tomat ica l l y /c r ( )s inon the appropriate section.Price: $49.95.

Digital Leaming Systems. 4Century Drive, Parsippany, N.J.0705,1, (20 I ) -538-6640

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VersaCAD/Macintosh Edition

Versacad Corporation. oneof the leading manufacturers of

computer-aided design anddrafting sofiware lbr personal! 0mpulers. i tnn()uncc\ vcr-saCAD fbr the Macintosh.

Representing high perform-ance. two-dimensional draft ing.the new VersaCAD/MacintoshEdition system features a richvariety of geometric construc-t ion tools and drawing objectscreated specifically for theMacintosh user interface.completely interactive. ful ledit ing. grouping, pan & zoom,grids, 2-50 drawing Ievels. and256 colors are provided.

VersaCADMacintoshEd i t ion inc lude i l loa t ing po in laccuracy to 16 decimal digits, 5independent snap modes. l0units of measureme nt. cross-sectional calculat ions (center ofgravity. moment of inert ia. etc.),and cross-hatching of irregularand incomplete boundaries.

VersaCAD Corporation.2124 Main Street, HuntingtonBeach. CA 92648. (71.1) 960-1120.

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CAD ElectrostaticPlotting Service

Blue Print Service an-nounLes i t s ' cAD E lec t ros ta t i cPlott ing Service is now avai lableto output Apple Macintosh CADdrawings. Drawing f i les fromapplications such as MacDraft.MacDraw. MiniCAD. MGM.and E Drafl can be plotted bythe service.

The plott ing service wil lprovide Macintosh users a onestop faci l i ty to plot drawingsonto a Versatec 400 dots perinch, electrostat ic plotter.Customers can send f loppy disksto Blue Print Service. The datais then processed and output onthe electrostat ic plotter. Plotscan be gencrated in under f iveminutes onto bond, vel lum ormylar. Drawings can be as largeas ,13 inches in width and anyreasonable length.

Vellum and mylar plots are

H o r i z o n s

excel lent for subsequent diazoor photographic reproduction.which can be provided by BluePrint Service.

Other applications servedincludes AutoCAD. McDonnel IDouglas - Craphic DesignSystem (GDS), 92-5 Off l ineFomat and Versaplot. Price:Vellum 53.00 per square foot.Mylar $8.00 per sqaure fbot.

For turther infbrmation andtechnical data please contactBlue Print Service 149 SecondStreet, San Francisco, CA91105. (115) 495-8700. Fortechnical data please cal l : 800-221-PLOT (continental U.S.) or800-51 | -PLOT (Cal i forniaOnly ) .

C RCIE I8 ON READER SERVICE CARD

Reader RabbitThe Learning Company

today introduced a Macintoshversion of Reader Rabbit, i tsaward winning, best-sel lerprogram that teaches readingski l ls to chi ldren ages 4 throughl .

Reader Rabbit is part of TheLeaming Company's family ofeducational programs thatincludes Math Rabbit (ages 4-7),Writer Rabbit (7-10). MagrcSpe l ls (6 -12) . Th ink Qu ick ! (7 -l4). Gertrude's Secrets (4-7)and Rocky's Boots (9 and up).

Reader Rabbit uses fburcareful ly sequenced games toteach chi ldren the basics of earlyreading, spel l ing and vocabu-lary. Animated graphics withentertaining music and soundetl'ects are special features ofReader Rabb i t fo r the Mac in-tosh.

Children simply use themou\e to po in t rnd c l i ck a twords, letters and pictures.Picture menus assist in gameselection, and pul l-down menusoffer help and altemative gameoptions at any t ime during play.

The Macintosh version ofReader Rabbit includes a speechoption with which the parent orchi ld can hear a computer

46 M a c i n t o s h

generated voice pronouncedwords as they appear on thescreen. Price: $59.95.

The Leaming Company,(415) 792-2t01

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Jam SessionBroderbund Softwre, Inc.,

will soon be shipping JamSess ion . a h igh ly en ter ta in ingprogram that lets users playprolessional-sounding music ona Macintosh computer.. . even i fthey don't know one note fromanother. The fun starts when theuser chooses one of severaldifferent song styles, form rock& roll or rhythem & blues toclassical. Animated muscianspromptly appear on screen, andthe selected music starts playingin realistic digitized sound.

Then, using the computerkeyboard. the user begins to"play" - and the music auto-matically fits in perfectly, withno sour notes! No matter whatkeys the user strikes - and nomatter what order or tempo theyare struck in - the programinstantly selects notes and 'riffs'

lhal sound great. Each selectionwas composed by a professionalsongwriter, so the user alwayssounds like a pro. At the sametime, Jam Session encouragescreativity and improvisation.The possible variations arevirtual ly unl imited, and userscan record their creations ondisks to share with friends, whodon't need Jam Session to playthem.

Jam Session is so simple touse that nonmusicians can playi t ins tan t l l and eas i l y . Ye t i tsounds so good that it appeals toprofessionals as well . Fore xample, rock star ToddRundgren has been I 'eaturingthe program in his recentconcerts. Jam Session providesthe background while Rundgrensolos. Price: $49.95.

Br0derbund Software, Inc.,l7 Paul Drive, San Rafael, CA9,1903-2 I 0 l, (41 5) 492-3200.

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MacSpanderCheckmate Technolog;

rntroduces the MacSpander, aneconomical memory upgrade forMacintosh l I , Macintosh SE,and Macintosh Plus computers.MacSpander upgrades theMacintosh Plus or SE to 2.5 or 4megabytes of RAM. The

Macintosh II memory may beincreased to 5 or 8 megabytes.

Memory-hungry applca-tions and system software likeApple's HyperCard, Mult iFin-der, and Switcher all require 2megabytes or more of memoryfbr proper operation. MacSpan-der memory expansion servesthese needs and allow largerspreadsheets and data bases.MacSpander features low-powerCMOS I megabit IC's and iscompatible with most internaladd-on cards. MacSpander with2 Megabytes of memory: ,1megabytes for $ 1298.00; xmegabytes fbr $2596.00

Checkmate Technology.Inc., 509 South Rockford Drive,Tempe. AZ8582I-3021 , USA,(602) 966-s802.

CIRCLE 2 I ON READER SERVICE CARD

LookupWorking Software, Inc.,

introduces Lookup, a Macintoshdesk accessory fbr finding thespelling of a single word.Lookup provides access to aspell ing dict ionary wholeworking in any program.Lookup saves the user fromreaching for a dictionary.Lookup also has a "guess"

function. Lookup makes spellingguesses based on phoneticspelling, common typos, and awildcard method, which findsall words beginning and endingwith certain specified letters.(Guessing based on "comm'ler"

finds all words beginning with"comm" and and endingwith"er.)

Lookup is packaged with a93.000 and a 60,000 wordspell ing dict ionary . The smallerdictionary is intended for usewith older 400K disk drives.Lookup works with theSpellswell Legal dict ionary andSpellswell Medical dict ionary.Owners of Spellswell can useLookup w i th the same d ic t ion-ary as Spellswell . Lookup doesnot requ i re Spe l lswe l l . andneither program afl'ects theoperation of the other. Price:s49.95.

Working Software, lnc., 321Alvarado, Suite H, Monterey,cA 93940, (408) 37s-2828.

CIRCLE 22 ON READER SERV CE CARD

LaserGrafix 1510Laser Printer

QMS introduces the latest

Presenting Hieroglyphic Communications'

MANDIETOOLthe Original Manual DiskEjection Tool from HCOM

Onlyff ios,€-" PS funds; Canada $10 CDN)

€pat. pros.

. safer than paperclips. ertract jammed disks

. disks removed with power off

Ste. 1 '103, Znyx Building, Box 951, Stn. "B'London, Ontario, CANADA N6A 5K1

519/672-9658 sxt. 68 (10 am - 4 pm, €astern)

Yesl Send me _ MANDIETOOLS @ USgS each(C$10 each in Canada) plus $1 S&H ($2 S&H outsid€ rheU.S. & Canada). Ont. res. add 7o/" (77e1. MA1O lhave enclosed a Name:

check for AddrEss:o Visa o i/p

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The time is right for

MacMoney'-An easy !o use financial management progfttm for

personal and small business finances.. Take care of yourcheck bookand creditcards: tnack

spending and income as well as balances, Print, many reports and graphs, even checks. lnterface with MaclnTaxru by Softview, Inc.

"Byfu the easiest and.mast powerful programofitskind." - MacUser, January 1987

"I{s probably been my single most useful softwarepurchase." - Stephen Fleming, a user.

Version 2.03* $74.95 (plus $3 s/ir, CA res add tax)

Survivor Sof tware Ltd. tCome by Booth 53911222 Ir Cicnega Blvd., Suire 450 at thc Saa FranciscoInglewood, CA 903(X Macworld Expo to(213) 410-9527 scc MacMoncy 3.0

CIRCLE 11 ON READER SERVICE CARD

47

addition to their industry leadingLasergrafix family, the QMSLaserGrafix | 5 l0 laser printerbased on the l5 page per minuteRicoh (R) 4150 print engine, theLasergrafix l5 l0 is especial lysuited for CAD/CAE, scienti f icand technical environments thatrequire high-volume print ing ofcomplex vector and bit-mappedgraphics.

Power and f lexibi l i ty bestdescribe the printer's controllercapabil i t ies. With 6.0 MB ofRAM, users wil l have.enoughpage description memory to doconcurrent page processing oftwo fully bit-mapped legal orA.4 size pages. the controllersl6MHz operating speed assuresthe rapid processing of complexor mult i-page documents.

For applications that requirevector or bit-mapped graphicsoutput. users can choose fromthe printers resident Tektronix401014014 emulation or QUICprinter language. Price :$ I 1 .995.00 .

QMS, Inc . , PO Box 81250.Mobile, AL. 36689, (20-s) 633-4300.

C RCLE 23 ON READER SERV]CE CARD

TypeBroderbund Sofiware has

released a new version of Typelfor the Macintosh computer.Type is the first software basedon extensive research on howpeople leam to type. Theprogram teaches typing with realtext and sentences ( instead ofrandom-letter drills) and alsoincludes an arcade-style game,Type l -A th lon . The innovat iveprogram was recently named1987 best Typing program byFamily computing magazine.

The Macintosh versionincludes a number of enhance-ments. For example, it nowincludes pul l-down menus, anda special tutorial uses animatedhands to show proper handplacement. Type! is designed forclassroom as well as individualuse, and several students can usethe same disk. The program willmaintain and print out accurateprogress reports for each user. Anew f'eature of the Macintoshversion allows the teacher toreplace the standard typing textwith elementary-level text foryounger students. Price: $49.95.

BrOderbund Software, Inc.,17 Paul Drive. San Rafael, CA

94903 -2101, (4t 5) 492-3200.CIRCLE 24 ON READER SERVICE CARD

StackWareThe Walking Shadow Press

founded in February 1987. plansto begin marketing stackwareand books for Apple Computer'sHypercard system applicationslart ing in October. The Press issol ici t ing stackware to includein the Walking Shadow LibraryHypercard stacks. WalkingShadow hopes to maintain alarge list of special and generalinterests stacks for hobbyists,schools, museums, l ibraries,small businesses and other "low-

end" users.The Press has begun

publication of a lree new\lerter,The Stack, for Hypercard"Stackers." The Stack is meantto be a forum where readers canexchange scripts, t ips. andgossip; the Stack also wil lfeature interviews with leadingHypercard specialists. articleson interesting Hypercardapplications, and a "Button ofthe Month" page. The foundersof the Press are Westphal, andHunt Stoddard. They hope theirdiverse skills and backgroundswil l help them provide thepublic with a varied selection ofoutstanding. inexpensiveHypercard stacks.

The Walking Shadow Presswants to help causal novicecomputer users help themselvesby making the unique featuresof Hypercard accessible to themas possible. The Press wouldlike to see the birth of a newcommunity of Mac users freedfrom the constraints of expen-sive software and an opaquedevelopment system, who canexchange knowledge andinteract n the spirit of thehobbyists who first had the ideaof "home computers."

The Stack is publ ishedmonthly and sent free ofchargeto anyone who sends an SASE;copies wil l be distr ibuted toretail outlets in the SanFrancisco Bay area. Inquir iesshould be mailed to:

Walking Shadow Press, POBox2092, Saratoga, CA 95071.

Press, I l0 N Santa CruzAvenue, Los Garos, CA 95030,(408) 354-7833.

CIRCLE 25 ON READER SERVICE CARD

SewSoftAndros Software announces

the release of a new AppleMacintosh program that bringscomputer-age precision to thetraditional art of clothes-making.This sewing software, theSewSoft Bodice, brings speedand simplicity to the business ofmaking of custom-fitted shirtsand blouses for sewingprofessionals and garmentmakers. Personal computers arenow firmly established in thehome, as sewing machines havebeen for many decades. TheSewSoft Bodice now enablesthese two machines to functiontogether, in the home, as well inthe fashion houses.

SewSoft uses ten personalbody measurements to tailorclothing to the body with 32-bitprecision. These measurementsspecily a basic bodice, sloper, ormaster pattern, which is printedonto six or more pages ofstandard printer paper. Whenthese pages are joined together,a l 'ul l -size. precise pattem isproduced from which garmentscan be cut and sewn. WithSewSoft, a comfortable fit canalways be obtained swiftly andeasily. When there is significantweight gain or loss, a new slopercan be produced in about fifteenminutes, a real-time saver.Sewing professionals wil lappreciate the efficient com-puter data-file storage andretrieval of an unlimited numberof their cl ient 's body measure-ments. The users manualcontains an illustrated explana-tion of the measurement-takingsystem, as well as many screenpictures that simplify operationof the system for the computernovice. Extra measurementsforms are also provided. Thisnew system is androgynous: i twill work for any adult bodysize or shape, for blouses. tops,or shirts. No longer will youhave to decide whether you aresize 12,14, 16, or a large.medium, or small . The SewSoftbodice also facilitates theadjustment of commercialpattems to individual shapes,and can be used to modify stylesand copy the design of a readymade garment.

Andros Software, Inc., Box782, Moss Beach, CA 94035.(4 r 5 ) 728-3553.

CIRCLE 26 ON READER SERVICE CARD

H o r i z o n s

The Stack ExchangeHeizer Software announces

it has established the StackExchange. This Fall they willoffer a catalog of programscompatible with HyperCard,Apple Computer, Inc.'spowerful new medium forcreating and exchanginginformation.

The firm already publishesmore than 500 programs forMicrosoft Excel and MicrosoftWorks through its ExcellentExchange and WorksXchange.Heizer foresees the rapidappearance of StackWareprograms as natural extension ofits already proven product lines,and is already acceptingStackWare submissions fromauthors in the areas of educa-tion, personal productivity,databases and finance. With theStack Exchange. Heizersoftware now offers authors away to reach the growingHyperCard user base withoutpersonally incurring theoverhead normally associatedwith software publishing.Operating in volume, via directsales to end-users, HeizerSoftware is able to efficientlymarket programs for authors atreasonable prices - $2-$200.Thousands of end-users haveenthusiastically embraceHeizer's inexpensive, t ime-saving programs for Works andExcel. The Stack Exchange rsexpected to serve an ever-growing of market withHyperCard being shipped withevery Macintosh. A key tot hesuccess fo the Stack Exchange isthat, with HyperCard, everyoneis working within a commonenvironment. Users benefitbecause prices are kept low,while any needed documenta-t ion is conveniently on the disk,within the program. Everyprogram contains the author'sname and support phonenumber.

Heizer Software, 1941 OakPark Blvd., Suite 30. PleasantH i l l . CA 94523. (415) 943-7667.

CIRCLE 27 ON READER SERVICE CARD

48 M a c i n t o s h

Self Study CourseAs each new release of

Microsoft Word adds innovativeword processing features, theleaming the challenge com-pounds. That's why FlipTrackLeaming Systems has intro-duced a self-study audiocassettecourse to make leaming easy forboth beginning and advancedusers of Microsoft Word on aMacintosh computer.

In audio-cassette lessons,How to Use Microsoft Word(Macintosh Version) the leamerto work "hands on" with theWord program itself - tocreate, edit, print and merge-print a wide variety of docu-ments. Step-by-step, the learnermasters all essential proceduresand leams to sue specialfeatures, such as spell checking,glossaries, outl ining, spl i t screendisplays, columns, indexing,style sheets and much more. Inaddition to 4 audio cassettes, theFlipTrack package includes adocument disk and fully indexedUser's Guide that summanzesall key ideas form the course.Price: $99.00.

Fl ipTrack leaming Systems,999 Main, Suite 200, Glenn, lL60r37. (312) 790-111 '7 .

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MacTreeA graphically-oriented,

simple-to-use hard diskorganizer for the Macintoshseries called MacTree. Thesuperb new software utility andproductivity tool lets usersdisplay all the files on their harddisk as a "tree" or organizationchart of file folder icons, andthen use their mouse to open,close, select or reorganize them.

MacTree is a majorbreakthrough for the userbecause it eliminates time andeffort searching through longlists of files. From the outset, auser can create a tree orsystematic organization chart ofall the files on his disk, makinglocation of his filesextraordinarily fast. Files can besorted by name, size, date ortype of document. Dealersshould sell MacTree with everynew system.

The customer sets up hrsentire library, the product is alsoterrific for telemarketingprograms directed at largecorporations. MacTree's tree,looks just like a corporate

organization chart. It reallyhelps executives see theadvantage of Mac's graphics.On MacTree's program, iconfolders containing multiple fileshave a double outline, so theicon folder looks ' thick' or ' ful l 'of subfiles. To reach a file orsubfl le, the user simply moveshis mouse to that icon anddouble cl icks, in standardMacintosh fashion. He has theoption of viewing a l ist of al l thesubfiles in that library or askingthe computer to create a newicon tree displaying that folder.

MacTree permits anastonishing 255 sublevelbranches. the entire tree can beprinted out for viewing, ifdesired. MacTree operates withall the familiar Macintoshinterfaces. Each folder or filemay be selected, either individu-ally or as a group, in normalMacintosh form. Once they areselected, they may be opened byeither double-cl icking or menuselection. deleted by dragging toa trash can, or moved or copiedto another disk or folder bydragging to that folder. The treethen instantly redraws itself toreflect the changes.

MacTree wil l run on theMac 512E, Mac Plus. Mac SEand Mac II and will support anyscreen size.

SRT, Inc., 22910 Mil l CreekDrive, Suite B, Laguna Hil ls,CA 92653, phone (114) 472-0474.

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Dial-Up AccessA Black Box Security Call-

Back Controller installedbetween a modem and telcointerface provides totalprotection against unauthorizeddial-up access to a serialcomputer.

Preprogramming of accesscodes and correspondingtelephone numbers into theController allows only userswith valid access codes to be"called back" at their assignednumber. Even if a hacker didbreak the access code, theController would divert dial-upaccess to a preprogrammedphone number; this alerts theuser to the fact that someone hasbroken the first access code tothe system and is trying to breakinto his or her files

Ideal for guarding sensrt ivedata on serial hosts or in remote

data access locations, thesedevices are available either as l-l ine (9450) or 2-l ine (9695)units. For more information anda fiee copy of their newestcatalog that lists hundreds ofsuch un ique da ta communica-t ions and computer devices,write:

Black Box Catalog, P.O.Box 12800, Pit tsburgh, PAr 524 t, (1 t2) 746-5.500.

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50 Mega Byte Hard DiskFor MAC ll

A 5O-megabyte internal harddiskdrive for Apple's MacintoshII computer has been placed onthe market by Jasmine Tech-nologies, Inc.

The new InnerDrive 50/II isthe second in Jasmine's familyof intemal drives fbr theMacintosh market. Thecompany introduced rts 90-megabyte InnerDrive 90/l l inAugust.

Jasmine's InnerDrive 50[Ihas greater storage capacity andis nearly half the price ofApple's 4O-megabyte intemaldisk drive for the Macintosh ILThe Macintosh II marketrepresents a great opportunityfor intemal diskdrives with theprice/performance advantages ofJasmine's products.

The InnerDrive 50II wi l lhave strong appeal to entry-levelMacintosh II users and its veryattractive price will make iteasier for first-time buyers tochoose a Macintosh II overother systems. The InnerDnve50,{l provides 26 millisecondaccess t ime and includesmounting bracket, cables andother hardware for easyinstallation requiring no specialtools or expertise. lt comes withnine megabytes of publicdomain software, shareware andback-up software and one-yearfull warranty.

Jasmine's Direct Drive l ineof SCSI (Small ComputerSystems Interface) extemal harddiskdrives range in storagecapacity from 2o-megabytes to160-megabytes and in pricefrom $649.00 to $2,899.00.Jasmine also markets theMegaDrive lO-megabyteremovable cartridge system andBackPac 40 40-megabyte drivethat mounts on the back of theMacintosh Plus. Al l of i ts

products are targeted at theMacintosh market. Jasmine'sInnerDrive 50[I $999.00,InnerDrive 90/ll $ 1,499.00.

Jasmine Technologies, Inc.,555 DeHaro Street, SanFranc isco , CA 94107, (415)621-4339.

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Stone TypefacesAdobe Systems announces

the first set of original alphabetdesigns using PostScriptsoftware technology. The Stonetypefaces have expanded thetraditional idea of a typographicfamily. There are three relateddesigns in Stone - a serif, sans,and informal - each of whichincludes three different weightsand italics for a total of I 8typefaces. The informal is anewconcept in typeface design, It isdesigned specifically for thepersonal communications thatpeople produce using laserprinters. The Serifdesign is acontemporary typeface based onclassic models. The companronSans is based on the sameunderlying forms and propor-tions as the Serif design, and allthree designs have similar strokeweights and capital and lowercase heights.

The type family containsenough variety to solve a largenumber of typographics puzzles,and enough unity to make thosesolutions look beautiful. Thereare advantages in having a largeintegrated set of tvpe designsboth for new user oftypographyand for the design professional.The new user u i l l f ind that i t iseasier to have a harmoniou'look to a document using thedifTerent variations of StoneTypographic jumble is avoided.Veteran designers will find thatthey have an expanded typo-graphic palette. New Typo-graphic combinations arepossible.

Other than some initialsketches, all the design work fbrthe Stone typeface family wasdone using Adobe's interactivefont editing system. One of themany advantages of thePostScript environment is thelarge range of output deviceswhich are available from laserprinters with a printingresolution of 300 dpi (dots perinch) to typesetters with aprinting resolution 2540 dpr.There are also 35 typeface

D e c e m b e r 1 9 8 7 49

packages avai lable (a total of147 individual typefaces). Theentire Stone type family wi l l beavai lable in November. Note: Inaddition to the three packagesannounced fiom Adobe forshipment in November areUnivers, Univers Condensed.Lucida and Futura. Price:

Adobe Sys tems, Inc . . 1585Charleston Road. MountarnView. CA 94039-7900. 9.11 5)961-4400.

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Adobe lllustratorThe Official Handbook for

Designers' Adobe I l lustrator hasopened new graphics horizonsfor desktop publishing andcomputer generated art work.Well-known computer authorsTony Bove. Fred Davis andcheryl Rhodes have written acomplcte ref erence to using thisprogram to i ts ful lest potential.Adobe Illustrator: The OfficialHandbook fbr Designers.

From the newsletter derignto CAD/CAM applications. thisguide gives step-by-stepinstructions to producing worksof art and design a graphics withthe program produced by Adobesystems, developer of Post-Script. Beginning with anoverview of the Mac system andquick-start guide, the authorsthen explain the possibleapplications fiom simple tocompler inc ludrng c rea l ing I inear l fb r genera l i l l us t ra t ions .copying or creating logos orspecial symbols. generatingcommerc ia l qua l i t y . i l l us t ra t ionsand halftones, al l of which canbe printed on any PostScriptprinter or typesetter. Eachfea ture o l 'Adobe l l lus l r i t lo r i si l lustrated by examples actual lydrawn by artists and designers.The book also includes afbreword by John Wamock,creator of PostScript andpresident of Adobe Systems.

Among the other tips andtechniques included are:. Using scanned images as

templates.. Creating blueprints,

engineering plans and othertechnical l ine art.

. Transferr ing graphics formother sources to Macs andfrom Macs to high-qualityfilm recorders and Post-Script output devices. Price:$2 1 .95 , 320 pp .

Bantam Books. 666 Fifth

Avenue, New York, NY 10103,(212) 76.5-6-500.

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Anatool Version 2.0Advanced Logical Sotiware

announce\ Version 2.0 ol 'Anatool, the computer aidedsoliware engineering (CASE)package fbr the Macintosh. TheAnatool program implements\ l ruc tu red Sys lem. Ana lys is . amethodology tbr modelling andanalyzing the information flowsof a system. This methodologyis used primari ly by systemsanalysts and sol ' lware engineer:to develop a wide range ofcommercial appl icat ions, andmanuf acturing, avionics, orcommuniea t ion \ so l t \ \ a re

Anatool integrates the wideranged requirements of themelhod into one, simple to useprogram. Anatool provides thegraph ic capab i l i t y fo r d rawinghierarchical data f low diagrams,and automatical ly connects thedata from the diagrams to arepository of infbrmation, thedata dictionary. The processspecifications can be written rnstructured English with apowerful text editor to tabulateand check for syntax errors. Theprogram lncorporates the logicalrules and procedures of themethod, and can analyze anysection of the document to alerta user to inconsistencies, errorsor unfinished work.

Version 2.0 of Anatool hasbeen improved to offer moreflexibi l i ty to the analyst, andaddress the needs of largerprojects.

Version 2.0 no longerl imited to single page diagrams.Now there is the option to drawdiagrams which wil l pr int out onmult iple pages. More processescan be indicated on eachdiagram than in previousversions. An Anatool can nowcommunicate with other systemsby exporting a formatted ASCIIf i le of the data dict ionary. Auser may utilize this feature toincorporate the system modelwith his/her own data base tools.Advanced Logical Software willno longer copy protect theAnatool program. Version 2.0 iscompatible with the MacintoshII, the Mac SE, and the enrrrecurrent Mac Family of products.Price:$92-5.00.

Adv a n c e d Lo gi t al S rtftware,

9903 Santa Monica Blvd.. SuiteI 08, Beverl y- Hills, CA 902 I 2,(2t3)659-5t57.

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MacWorld SellOutThe original Macintosh

computer show MacWorldExposition retuming toMoscone Center, San Francisco,Cali fomia, on January l5- 17,l 988.

In addition to the exhibitsthemselves, the expo wil l offeran extensive conferenceprogram that will run concur-ren t ly w i th the expo. Seminarsare designed to highl ight thebusiness, educational, industryand home users of the entire lineof Apple products and willaddress the concems and issueso l -users a t every leve l . Top icsfor discussion include: "Gett ing

Started on your Mac." "Gening

Star ted in Desk top Pub l ish ing . ""Hou lo Start and Survive inBusiness," "Advanced Tips andTools in Desktop Publishing""How it al l Began: The Makingof the Macintosh," "How toBecome a Power User," "The

Future o f Desk top Pub l ish ing . "and the Keynote Panel Discus-sion, "Macintosh - The Wizardof '88 . "

Registration f'ees to anendMacWorld Exposition will be$l-5.00 for the exhibits only and540.00 for conl'erence andexhibits. theses f'ees provide athree-day admission. For furtherinformation contact:

W o rl d E.rpos itions. M it t' hHall Associates, PO Bo.r 860,Westv'ood, MA 02090, (617)329-7166.

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WorkStation for Mac llErgotron, Inc., announces

availabi l i ty of the Mac IIEngineering WorkStation. asuspended radial arm computerworkstation designed to reclaimuseable desk space by suspend-ing the monitor and theprocessor above the worksurface.

Ergotron's gas spring-powered arm provides state-of-the-ar t ad jus tab i l i t l combin ing6" vert ical,24" horizontal, and a180 degree pivoting motion. Thepatented mechanism on the armprovides 20 degree tilt and 360degree swivel. This uniquecombination of arm and

H o r i z o n s

mechanism allows the user tomove up to an 80 lb monitor toany posit ion with just a touch ofthe hand.

The new Mac II EngineeringWorkstation is a heavy-dutysystem designed to manage theMac II Processor and 17l19"monitors weighing from 50 to80 pounds. A lighter dutysystem designed to manage theMac II , Mac Plus, or Mac SEand Monochrome Colormonitors weighing in the rangeof 20-50 pounds wil l beannounced shortly. Price:$499.95.

Ergotron, Inc., l62l East79th Srreet, Minneapolis. MN,5s420 USA. (800) 328 9839,(612) 8s4-9i l6.

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Protech Laser UltraJames River Corporation,

introduces Pro-Tech Laser Ultra,a premium coated paperproviding high-quali ty laserimaging. Designed to providehigh contrast and high resolutionlaser images on either side of asheet. Pro-Tech Laser Ultra canbe used to create an originaldocument or a master print forxerographic or offset reproduc-tion. Pro-Tech Laser Ultra rspart of the Pro-Tech LaserSpecialty line of desktoppublishing papers and transpar-ency f i lm.

Specially coated tbr waxholdout, Pro-Tech Laser Ultra isavai lable in White and is idealfor camera-ready copy,graphics, charts, and illustra-tions, or as a paste-up sheet formechanicals.

Jame s R ive r C orporation,3568 Sewall Street, Ludlov', MA01056. (800) s2r 503s.

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50 M a c i n t o s h

An Open Letter to MicrosoftKeith Toleman

he Macintosh has arrived.The same corporate types who mocked this

"toy" computer for the last three years havefinally discovered the advantages ofa consistentuser interf'ace across applications, graphic (as

- opposed to character-based) interaction with thecomputer, and a broad range of powerful, innovative applica-tions that can even put some (say it sofi ly) fun into computerusage.

As a result, Apple is currently shipping more than 60,000Macintoshes each month. Software houses that previouslyignored the Mac are taking notice. All the major PC softwarevendors are preparing Macintosh products, and Mac develop-ers are in hot demand.

But producing Macintosh software is not simply a matter ofrecompiling PC-based source code with a Mac-based com-piler. It requires a new way of looking at software (andsoftware users), and a large commitment by the vendor tolearning and meeting the needs and expectations of the Macin-tosh user.

Let Them Eat SoftwareDespite (or more likely because ot) the fact that Microsoft

products currently hold the top five slots on the Macintoshbest-seller l ists. the company continues to demonstrate a lais-sez-faire attitude toward the Macintosh community.

Microsoft is spread very thin these days, and as long as thereare more people buying PC software than Mac softwareMicrosoft 's major concentration wil l remain on the PC arena.However, just as Microsofi is challenging the PC monopoly ofLotus 1-2-3 with PC Excel, many software vendors with a deepappreciation for the possibil i t ies of the Macintosh are prepar-ing innovative new challengers to the mostly business-as-usual Microsoft product l ine for the Mac.

Microsofi was first to market with major applications forthe Mac. Word. File. Chart and Multiplan opened up the Macto business users. But since then. the Mac has largely taken aback seat in Microsoft 's ongoing push fbr acceptance of its PCapplications software.

The one exception is Excel. a remarkable product that tookthe lead role in building business' cuffent love aff 'air with theMac. But in the nearly three years since its introduction wehave seen only minor bug fixes while Microsoft concentratedon expanding Excel's power and functionality for the PC mar-ketplace. It was only with the most recent update, forexample,that Excel was able to address more than I meg of RAM. Andnow we have a long wait unti l the Mac version catches up witheven the current incarnation of PC Excel.

At the risk ofbeating a very dead horse, let's take anotherlook at Microsoft Word. After waiting three years for a newversion, Word users received a powerful but awkward andbug-ridden product that demonstrated a relative disregard forthe Macintosh interface. But the most interesting thing about

Word 3.0 is the fact that this product was released with as manyfatal bugs as it had. If Microsoft was as concerned about the Macmarket as the PC, these obvious problems would have beensolved long before the product was considered marketable.

In the case of Microsoft File, this l imited, three-year oldproduct has never been updated. Rather than acquire the exper-tise in-house to develop an advanced DBMS, Microsoft made anunsuccessful bid to acquire Nashoba System's popular File-maker Plus program. (As a side note, the best-sell ing MicrosoftWorks was also developed outside the company.)

Microsoft recently acquired PowerPoint. an overpriced pres-entation graphics program that is basically an underpoweredpaint/draw package whose main selling points are a wonderfulimplementation of a "slide tray" metaphor fbr handling slidesand a full set of graphic and text templates. This acquisit ion wasannounced two weeks before the release of the highly-toutedCricket Presents, which offers a much richer set offeatures andoutput options.

In the area of languages, prior to the init ial release of its BasicInterpreter, Microsoft (according to Bil l Atkinson) successfullykil led the release of Apple's competit ive Macintosh Basic,widely regarded as a superior product. And Microsoft's BasicCompiler has been the subject of several recent articles bemoan-ing the difficult user interface and limited functionality.

The Software Vendor You Love To HateThe contributions of Microsoft to the personal computer

industry (Macintosh included) cannot be overestimated. But inthe current state of affairs. the company is in direct competitionwith virtually every microcomputer software vendor in the in-dustry. This makes it very difficult to concentrate resources inany particular area. However, if Microsoft wants to maintain itssales and marketing successes in the Macintosh arena, perhapsmore effort could be directed to research. development andqual i ty assurance.

The competit ion is getting tougher and stronger, not to men-tion more numerous. Every week brings new software thatincorporates and extends the Macintosh interface. Whole newclasses of software products are being created by vendors, oldand new, who have found more than just a new market in theMacintosh. We would all benefit i f the power and influence ofMicrosoft were directed by a deeper commitment to the Macin-tosh community.

KeithToleman ron one of theJirst Macintosh-based desktop puhlishingoperations.for a Silicon Voller- soffu,are companr-. He is currentl,- amarketing specialist and produt't manager.for a sot''tw'are firm in Nev'York Cit.v, and a regular contributor to Macintosh Honzons.

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D e c e m b e r 5 1

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