ii communication - the context

8/3/2019 II Communication - The Context

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Communication: Thecontext

A K MathurMBA, PGDIM,

PGDHRM, PhD

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Communication is the process of sharingideas, thoughts, and feelings with self andothers

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Definition


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And

having those ideas, thoughts, and feelings understood

by self or by others.

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Perfect communication A case

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Father I want you to marry a girl of my choice.

Son I will choose my own bride

Father But the girl is Bill Gates daughter

Son Well in that case it is OK


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Next day Father approaches Bill Gates

Father I have a husband for your daughter

Bill Gates But my daughter is too young to marry!

Father - But the young Man is vice president ofworld bank

Bill Gates Ah! In that case it is OK.


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Finally Father goes to see the President of WorldBank

Father I have a young man to be recommended asa Vice President.

President - But I already have more Vice Presidentsthan I need!

Father But this young man is Bill gates son in law.

President Ah, in that case it is OK.


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Communication is central to all life.

No living being can survive without it.

Thus communication is essential for all living beings.

To untangle the complexities of communicationamong living beings different universities have Centre

for Research on Biological Communication system.

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Holistic view


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Human communication is a subset ofcommunication which is happening in theuniverse.

Human communication has to do with howindividuals interact with each other usingsymbols and language.

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Human Communication


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Have you ever talked to someone they feltinsulted without you actually wanted to insultthem?

Some one telling you that you were arrogant.

Sometimes you feel insulted.

We ignore something which is very serious ANDmark it as miscommunication.

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Health communication is narrower in scopethan human communication that isconcerned with how individuals deals withhealth related issues.

It refers to any type of humancommunication whose content is concernedwith health and related fields.

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Health Communication


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Communication

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Relationship

Humancommunication


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Human communication can be understood by

segregating it into four levels (John Powers)

Level 1- The content and form of messages maybe verbal and non verbal

Example

Verbal choice of words and order of arrangement

Non verbal Gestures, body language, dress

Are you appearing for exams?

Appearing for examseh ,, come on.

Its enough You.. Are.. appearing for.. exams. 12

Levels of communication


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Level 2

The communicator/s

May be

An individual A family, friend circle, relationships A group of people having same idea or belief.

The way these will interact would be different.

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Level -3 The way of interaction (Personal andimpersonal)From - Totally impersonal to highly personal.

This depends upon relationship with the

receiver.

Example : Boss Subordinate-hierarchy;

Friends

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Level -4 The context and situations

The communication is affected by the

situation.

Formal meeting , informal meetingSocial gathering on different occasions

wedding .

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*the sending and receiving ofinformation to achieve understanding

*the social process by which people in aspecific context construct meaningusing symbolic behavior.

What iscommunication?


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1. Human

CommunicationFour skills in communication

Reading,Writing,Speaking, andListening

Speaking & listening=Speech communication


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2. Communication is a socialprocess of constructing

meaning.

*The interpretation of wordsdependson life experiences, values, feelingsat the time.


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3. Communication iscontextual.

*It is influenced by the time and placeof the communication.

*Speech communication is uniquebecause it allows for face to facecontact and immediate feedback.


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4. Communication issymbolic.

*It relies on verbal symbols.(words, languages)

*It relies on non verbal symbols.


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Basic humancommunication context

Intrapersonalcommunication

Interpersonalcommunication

Small groupcommunication

Publiccommunication

Organizationalcommunication

MassCommunication


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What are some types ofcommunication?1. Intrapersonal communication-

communication within oneself(your little voice)

2. Interpersonal communication-communication between peopleas individuals


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communication between 2 people(dyad=2)

Dyadic/one to one-communication


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3 or more people communicatingwith a common purpose

*to answer a question

*to make a decision*to solve a problem

Small group-


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1 or more senders communicatingwith a large group of receivers

(an audience that is physicallypresent)

i.e.: play, pastor/priest &congregation,

public speaking, lawyer, teacher

Public

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1 or more senders communicatingwith an unlimited number of receivers

who are not physically present

-through media(radio, TV, newspaper, etc.)

Mass-


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to informto persuade

to express feelingsto expressimaginationto perform socialrituals

Reasons to

communicate


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What are some

misconceptionsof communication?

1. Communication is always valuable.

-Cruel (making fun of people, insults)-Unethical (lying, cheating, breaking promises)

-Inappropriate (gossip, talking in class/church)

-Unwise (saying too much, sharing info that could

hurt you later)


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2. Communication is the solution to allproblems.

i.e.: wars, divorce, making people like you

3. More communication is always better.

i.e.: nagging, arguing, making a mountainout of a molehill


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4. Meanings are determined by wordsalone.

Words can mean more than one thing.

Words carry emotional and/or cultural associations.

(connotation)

Word meanings can be affected by non verbal

behaviors. (sarcasm)


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5. Communication is simple.difficulties speaking (physiological, psychological)

difficulties finding the right words for the situationi.e.: asking someone out, sharing emotions

(love, sorrow)


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Sharpening communication skills

Thinking,Speaking,ReadingWritingListening, and

Observing.

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________________________________________________Communication Order Learnt Extent Used Extent Taught

____________________________________________

Listening First First FourthSpeaking Second Second Third

Reading Third Third Second

Writing Fourth Fourth First

Thinking ? ? ?Observing ? ? ?

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Basic Communication SkillsProfile

Th Si Thi ki H t


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Red Hat. Emotions. Intuition, feelings, and hunches.How do I feel about this right now?

Yellow Hat. Benefits. Why is this worth doing? Whatare the benefits?

Black Hat. Caution/Judgment/Assessment. Is thistrue? Will it work? What are the weaknesses? What iswrong with it?

Green Hat. Creativity. Different ideas. New ideas.

Suggestions and proposals. What are some possiblesolutions and courses of action? What are thealternatives?

White Hat. Information. Questions. What information

do we have? What information do we need to get?Statistical data. 34

The Six Thinking Hats


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CAF: Consider All Factors

the factors affecting oneself

the factors affecting other people

the factors affecting society in general.

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Teaching thinking


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FIP: First Important Priorities II IIII

FIP is a judgment situation and there

are no absolute answers. What oneperson believes to be most importantanother person may place far down thelist of priorities.

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PMI: Plus, Minus, Interesting

Instead of just deciding whether or not youlike an idea, this thinking operation has youmake an effort tofind the good points (P=Plus), Why you

like.

the bad points (M=Minus) why you dontlike.

the interesting points (I=interesting)about an idea. What do you find

interesting about it. 37


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APC: Alternatives, Possibilities, Choices

When you have to make a decision or takeaction, you may at first think that you donot have all the choices at you disposal.

But if you look for them, you may findthat there are more alternatives than youthought.

Similarly in looking at a situation there 38


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OPV: Other People's Views

Others point of view

Being able to look at and understandanother persons point of view may be avery important part indeed of thethinking process, and so a deliberate

effort may have to be made to seeanother point of view.

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AGO: Aims/Goals, Objective

The AGO is a device to focus directlyand deliberately on the intention

behind actions. What is the actoraiming for? What is trying to beachieved? What does the actor want tobring about?

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C&S: Consequence and Sequel

The intention is to enlarge the view

beyond the immediate effect of thataction.

An action may seem worthwhile if the

immediate effect is good but if onemakes a deliberate effort to look atlonger term consequences, the actionmay not he worthwhile at all.

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Listening Is With The Mind & Hearing is With The SensesListening Is Conscious/aware/alert/deliberate.Listening is an Active Process Of Eliciting Information

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Meaning of listening


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Listening is not my problem! Listening and hearing are the same Good readers are good listeners Smarter people are better listeners Listening improves with age

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Fallacies about Listening


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v Learn not to listen.

v Thinking about what we are going to sayrather than listening to a speaker.

v Talking when we should be listening.v

Hearing what we expect to hear ratherthan what is actually said.

v Not paying attention

( preoccupation, prejudice, self-

centeredness, stereo-type) Listening skills are difficult

to learn44

What we do


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HearingFocusing on the messageComprehending and interpretingAnalyzing and EvaluatingRespondingRemembering

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Stages of the Listening Process


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Environmental barriers

Physiological barriers

Psychological barriersv Selective Listeningv

Negative Listening Attitudesv Personal Reactionsv Poor Motivation

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Barriers to Active Listening


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What You Think about Listening ?

v Understand the complexities of listeningv Prepare to listenv Adjust to the situationv Focus on ideas or key pointsv Capitalize on the speed differential

v Organize material for learning

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How to Be an Effective Listener


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What You Feel about Listening ?

vWant to listenvDelay judgment

vAdmit your biases

vDont tune out dry subjectsvAccept responsibility for understanding

vEncourage others to talk

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How to Be an Effective Listener(cont.)


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What You Do about Listening ?

vEstablish eye contact with the speaker.

v Take notes effectively.vBe a involved listener.

vAvoid negative mannerisms.

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How to Be an Effective Listener(cont.)


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Thanks

ii communication - the context

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