ih technology - svebio · refinery operations 1. ih2 process configuration flexibility 6 mill...

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IH²* Technology Biomass Directly to Transportation Fuels

Dr. Alan Del Paggio CRI Catalyst Company, Houston, Texas Integrated Hydropyrolysis & Hydroconversion

*IH² is a registered trademark of GTI

Presentation at

Copyright of CRI Catalyst Company

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2

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IH2 technology = flexibility

n  Location

n  designed for stand-alone operation n  no requirement for refining infrastructure n  self-sufficient, self-sustaining facility built where biomass is

n  Feedstock

n  forestry, agricultural and sorted municipal residues (up to 20% plastic) n  different feedstocks can be run alone in campaigns or mixed together

n  Integration with existing facilities

n  can be built standalone or be integrated with mill/refinery

n  Product

n  can produce finished fuel or stable intermediate for refinery upgrading n  product can be fractionated to petrol/diesel or naphtha/jet/marine distillate

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Executive summary IH² technology …

n  is feedstock-flexible (forestry, agriculture and sorted municipal residues up to 20% plastics)

n  is a continuous catalytic thermochemical process

n  uses traditional petrochemical and refining hardware

n  produces affordable renewable hydrocarbon transportation fuels (petrol, jet, diesel, marine distillate)

n  clean burning n  up to 72% bio-energy recovery n  up to 92% Green House Gas reduction n  meet various international fuel standards

n  has been under development since 2009

n  is being demonstrated at 5 tonnes of feedstock/day at Shell Technology Center Bangalore

4


Discussion topics

n  1. IH2 process

n  2. IH2 products

n  3. Technology Status

n  4. Economics

n  5. Addenda: case studies

5


Bubbling Fluidized Bed (BFB) used in boilers & gasifiers

Refinery Operations 1. IH2 process Configuration flexibility

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Mill Operations

FUEL GASOLINE

DIESEL JET FUEL

COMPRESSOR

BIOMASS WOOD CHIPS

ALGAE MSW

AGRICULTURAL RESIDUE

HYDROGEN PLANT

BIOCHAR

SEPARATOR

FUEL

WAT

ER

GA

S

HYDRO - PYROLYSIS

REA

CTO

R

HYDRO - CONVERSION

REA

CTO

R


1. IH2 process Feedstock flexibility

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Soft Wood 27-28% Hard Wood 26% Mixtures Hard/Soft Wood 26-27% Soft Wood with 30% Bark 26-27% Mulberry Sticks 25% Jatropha Trimmings 24-25% Forest Litter Blends 22-26%

Bagasse 26-28% Cane Tops/Trash 28-30% Rice Straw 22-23% Empty Fruit Bunch 24% Oil Palm Frond 24% Duckweed 30% Algae (Wild) 46% Algae (High Lipid) >50% Domestic Grasses >26% Cotton Stalks 24% Castor Stalks 26% De-Oiled Castor Cake 25%

Fuel Yield (wt% feed MAF*)

Fuel Yield (wt% feed MAF*)

*MAF = Moisture, Ash-free Basis **RDF = Refuse Derived Fuel

Forestry Agricultural

Cellulosic / Lignocellulosic biomass is nearly half oxygen by weight, so making hydrocarbons from biomass has, at most, 50wt% yield. Exceptions include fats/

vegetable oils and lipids with 20 wt% oxygen.

US RDF 29-30% Indian RDF** 28-30% EU Industrial Waste 27-29% EU RDF** 29-30% Mixed EU RDF**/Wood 27-28% Paper 22-24% Cardboard 20-24% Lawn clippings 22-26%

Fuel Yield (wt% feed MAF*) Municipal


Road transport fuels vs aviation / marine fuels

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1. IH2 process – two modes of operation

0

20

40

60

80

100

15 65 115 165 215 265 315 365 415 BOILING POINT

AMOUNT

0

20

40

60

80

100

15 65 115 165 215 265 315 365 415 BOILING POINT

AMOUNT

Road fuels mode Aviation / Marine fuels mode

Cut point varies 150–200°C

Petrol 55–70 vol%

Diesel 30–45 vol%

Cut points 120–280°C

Jet 35–40 vol%

Naphtha 45–50 vol%

Marine Distillate 10–20 vol%


GASOLINE / PETROL

Meets ASTM D4814-16d E10 blend for regular grade EN 228: Petrol – Jan 2009 E10 blend for regular grade Blend stock (RON) otherwise

BS VI compliant E6 blend for regular grade

EN 590:2009+A1:2010

DIESEL

Meets ASTM D975-15c

BS VI compliant

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2. IH2 products: road transport fuels are high quality ‘drop in’

Petrol is currently undergoing ASTM qualification; EN and BS qualification to follow in 2019

Diesel is currently undergoing ASTM qualification; EN and BS qualification to follow in 2019


2. IH2 products: jet mode fuels are high quality ‘drop in’

Suitable components for Solvents Steam cracker feed Reformer feedstock – bioBTX Gasoline blending…

NAPHTHA JET FUEL

World-wide Civil Jet Fuel Grade Jet A/A-1 (e.g. ASTM D1655)

Matches the Table 1 Performance Criteria for:

Fuels are currently in ASTM D4054 approvals process

MARINE DISTILLATE

Meets ISO 8217 2017 specs Meets DMB/DFB specs (Very low S) High on DMA/DFA density (fixable); High on DMB/DFB density (fixable) Exceeds Residual Fuel Spec

Fuels are currently being evaluated


Scal

e

2009 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2022

LAB SCALE 1L/week

GTI CHICAGO

PILOT SCALE 20L/day

(10000+ hrs) GTI CHICAGO

Started Up

DEMO SCALE 2000L/day

Shell BANGALORE

3. Technology status In development since 2009 TRL = Technology Readiness Level (next slide)

COMMERCIAL SCALE >200,000L/day

IH2-500tpd

8 FIRST ADOPTERS* LAND REQUIREMENT

15HA FOR 1000 TPD STANDALONE PLANT LESS LAND REQUIRED WHEN INTEGRATED

TRL 1-3

TRL 4-6

TRL 6-8

TRL 9

LAB SCALE up to 1L/week

MBU 180+ Runs Shell BANGALORE

PILOT SCALE 7L/day

(7000+ hrs) Shell BANGALORE


3. Technology status: TRLs 0 IDEA unproven concept, no testing has been performed

1 BASIC RESEARCH you can now describe the needs but have no evidence

2 TECHNOLOGY FORMULATION ocncept and application have been formulated

3 NEEDS VALIDATION you have an initial ‘offering’, stakeholders like your slideware

4 SMALL SCALE PROTOTYPE built in a laboratory environment (‘ugly’ prototype)

5 LARGE SCALE PROTOTYPE tested in intended environment

6 PROTOTYPE SYSTEM tested in intended environment close to expected performance

7 DEMONSTRATION SYSTEM operating in operational environment at pre-commercial scale

8 FIRST COMMERCIAL SYSTEM all technical processes & systems in commercial ready state

9 FULL COMMERCIAL APPLICATION technology generally available to all customers

IDEA

PROTOTYPE

VALIDATION

PRODUCTION


3. Technology status Demonstration plant in India has completed Phases I-III, now in Phase IV

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Phase I: Demonstrate feeding, 1st stage operation, char removal using site supplied hydrogen at 1 tonne/day rate

Phase II: Maximize rate using site supplied hydrogen (3.2 tonne/day) Phase III: Repeat Phase I/II with HMU online (1.5 tonne/day) Phase IV: Maximize rate (5+ tonne/day) on internal hydrogen only Success declared when Phase IV conditions produce stable operation and product quality matches pilot data.

Product quality is as expected


Plant size

Feed Cost INR/t

TIC – high $ 289 M TIC – low $ 228 M IRR @ Sales Price (INR/L) IRR @ Sales Price (INR/L) 40 45 50 40 45 50

1,000 tpd 1,500 17.6% 20.5% 23.5% 22.4% 26.2% 30.1% 3,000 15.3% 18.2% 21.1% 19.4% 23.1% 26.9% 4,500 12.9% 15.8% 18.7% 16.4% 20.1% 23.8%

Plant size

Feed Cost INR/t


500 tpd 1,500 12.1% 14.3% 16.3% 15.3% 17.8% 20.4% 3,000 10.3% 12.5% 14.6% 13.1% 15.7% 18.3% 4,500 8.4% 10.8% 12.9% 10.9% 13.6% 16.2%

Plant size

Feed Cost INR/t


1,500 tpd 1,500 21.3% 24.8% 28.3% 27.0% 31.5% 36.2% 3,000 18.5% 21.9% 25.4% 23.3% 27.8% 32.3% 4,500 15.7% 19.1% 22.5% 19.8% 24.1% 28.6%

4. Economics Indicative Indian economics based upon FEL-2 (±30%) estimates (no char sales)

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500 tpd 1000 tpd 1500 tpd

PLANT SIZE

8%

12%

16%

20%

24%

28%

32%

36%

FEL-2 Total Installed Cost (TIC) & Opex Estimates Used TIC = Total Direct Cost (TDC) plus HO Charges, Engineering, Freight, Indirect Costs, Escalation, Contingency, etc. Opex includes fixed costs at loal rates & all variables costs, including catalyst. Assumes 40% equity and 60% debt financed at 10% interest (Indian case) No Excise duty included. No GST included. No credits or subsidies included. Owner’s costs may vary.


For more information…

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www.cricatalyst.com/IH2

www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ea4RjMXPbR4

youtu.be/2ZBluxJelbw www.youtube.com/watch?v=lwct7PKVGcc

www.gastechnology.org/Solutions/Pages/Using-thermal-catalytic-processes-to-produce-gasoline-and-diesel-fuels.aspx

www.biofuelsdigest.com/bdigest/2017/11/15/2-25-per-gallon-biohydrocarbon-fuels-unsubsidized-biozin-licenses-ih2-technology-heads-for-commercial-scale-in-norway/

www.biofuelsdigest.com/bdigest/2016/01/05/low-cost-drop-in-renewable-fuels-licensing-activity-is-picking-up-fast-for-ih2/


Case Studies: 1. India agricultural residues 2. Thailand agricultural residues 3. Indonesia agricultural residues 4. Singapore municipal residues 5. Bangkok municipal residues

Addenda

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Case study 1: India agricultural residues

“Promoting Low Carbon Transport in India, Second-Generation Biofuel Potential in India, Sustainability and Cost Considerations.” P. Purohit, G. Fischer; IIASA Laxenburg, Austria. UNEP Study published June 2014.

1M tonne/day IH2 plant capacity 28B gpy ‘drop in’ hydrocarbon fuel 42% of crude oil import (4.4M bpd) 2017 223-285M tonnes CO2 avoided/annum


produced used residual IH2®fuelAgriResidue Mton/yr Mton/yr Mton/yr moisture* kt/yrRicestraw 10.7 1.09 9.64 10% 2030Ricehusk 4.6 3.68 0.92 12% 189Caneleaves/tops 7.81 0.82 6.99 9% 1485CaneBagasse 7.64 7.64 0 51% 0Cornleaves/stalks 3.27 0.16 3.11 40% 437Corncobs 0.96 0.74 0.16 42% 22Cassavaroots 4.17 0 4.17 59% 396Palmtrunk 1.44 0 1.44 48% 174Palmleaves/branch 10.5 0.33 10.2 78% 525PalmEFB 2.39 1.42 0.97 59% 94Palmfiber 1.42 1.42 0 39% 0Palmshell 0.3 0.3 0 12% 0Rubbertreeroot,stump,branch 0.81 0.07 0.74 55% 78Soyleaves,stems 0.21 0.01 0.2 11% 42Mungleaves,stems 0.11 <0.01 0.11 11% 23

Peanutbeanleaves,stem 0.05 <0.01 0.05 11% 1038.7 5505

http://weben.dede.go.th/webmax/sites/default/files/24.png; *ash assumed to be 10% in each case

66k tonne/day IH2 plant capacity 1.9B gpy ‘drop in’ hydrocarbon fuel 15% of crude oil import 25-32M tonnes CO2 avoided/annum

Case study 2: Thailand agricultural residues


Case study 3: Indonesia agricultural residues

436k tonne/day IH2 plant capacity 13.8B gpy ‘drop in’ hydrocarbon fuel 300% of imported gasoline 110-140M tonnes CO2 avoided/annum

*this corresponds to 326 million barrels/year of gasoline, jet and

diesel fuel. Pertamina expected to import 108 million barrels of

gasoline in 2018 per Reuters. 110-140 million tonnes/a CO2eq

saved

Residue

Crop Type %ofFFB (ton/year)

Palm EFB(t) 21.0% 21,018,829

Fibre(t) 15.0% 15,013,450

Shells(t) 6.5% 6,505,828

Frond 8,500,000

Trunk 34,100,000

Rice Husk 13,811,200

Straw 34,528,063

Sugar Bagasse 9,752,960

CaneTrash 4,500,000

Rubberwood 41,000,000

188,730,330

FuelProduced

(ton/year)

3,934,725

2,810,518

1,370,127

2,076,000

5,058,000

2,289,206

5,341,491

1,988,043

601,965

7,312,760

32,782,836*


WasteType(2016)Waste

Disposedof(tonnes)

WasteRecycled(tonnes)

WasteGenerated(tonnes)

RecyclingRate(%)

Construc[onDebris 9,700 1,585,700 1,595,400 99%

Ferrousmetal 6,000 1,351,500 1,357,500 99%

Non-Ferrousmetals 1,300 95,900 97,200 99%

Usedslag 4,100 247,000 251,100 98%

Scraptyres 3,000 29,700 32,700 91%

Wood 119,100 411,600 530,700 78%

Hor[culturalWaste 111,500 209,000 320,500 65%

Paper/Cardboard 576,000 607,100 1,183,100 51%

Glass 57,600 14,700 72,300 20%

Ash&Sludge 199,000 28,300 227,300 13%

Food 679,900 111,100 791,000 14%

Tex[le/Leather 139,800 10,900 150,700 7%

Plas[cs 762,700 59,500 822,200 7%

Remainder(Stones,etc) 375,500 7,000 382,500 2%

Total 3,045,200 4,769,000 7,814,200 61%www.nea.gov.sg/energy-waste/waste-management/waste-statistics-and-overall-recycling www.ema.gov.sg/cmsmedia/Publications_and_Statistics/Publications/SES/2016/Singapore%20Energy%20Statistics%202016.pdf table 3.11

Case study 4: Singapore municipal residues

3k tonne/day IH2 plant capacity 100M gpy ‘drop in’ hydrocarbon fuel >13% of transport fuel consumed 2014 677-866k tonnes CO2 avoided/annum Ignores CH4 effects from MSW


Total MSW in Thailand 26.85M t/y (73.6k t/d) generated 13.4M t/y (37k t/d) (50%) ‘incorrectly disposed’

7.15M t/y (27%) from serviced areas 6.38M t/y (24%) from unserviced areas

20.2k t/d MSW from 5 urban centers:

Bangkok (11.5k t/d) Chon Buri (2.5k t/d) Nakorn Ratchasima (2.3k t/d) Samut Prakarn (2.0k t/d) Khon Kaen (1.9k t/d)

27% of 20.2k t/d MSW = 5.4k t/d (Thailand) Target this material as feedstock for IH2 plant Assume 50% moisture, 10% ash = 2.5k MAF t/d 2.5k MAF t/day = 80M gallon fuel/year 27% of 11.5k t/d = 3.1k t/day (Bangkok) 1400 MAF t/day = 45M gallon fuel/year

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Thailand State of Pollution Report 2015, page 75. Pollution Control Department, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. PCD 06-062. ISBN 978-616-316-327-1

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Case study 5: Bangkok municipal residues

ih technology - svebio · refinery operations 1. ih2 process configuration flexibility 6 mill...

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