ige105 – communication technology in a changing world dr. ken cosh week 10
TRANSCRIPT
IGE105 – Communication Technology in a Changing World
Dr. Ken CoshWeek 10
Recap…
Last Week We talked about the future of ICT Ubiquitous Computing
Technology blends into the environment Technology is pervasive with touchpoints
throughout Augmented / Virtual Reality
This Week
Originally the plan was: Politics
And how ICT is impacting on politics But…
So instead, Regulation Regulation in Cyberspace
But First
Briefly, How has ICT affected Politics?
Electronic Voting Machines Censorship Connection between politicians and
population Tweeting
What else?
Regulation
Lawrence Lessig Professor of Law and Harvard Law School
(previously at Stanford) Author of
Free Culture The Future of Ideas Code and the other Laws of Cyberspace
The Laws of Cyberspace
Lessig argues… The world is regulated by four
constraints Law Social Norm Market Architecture
Law
Law regulates by sanctions ex-post Don’t pay tax -> Go to jail Steal my car -> Go to jail
But while Law is an obvious regulator, it is not the only regulator. You don’t always go to jail for not paying
taxes.
Social Norms
Regulate behaviour by “what I ought to do” I ought to wear a shirt (& tie), rather than
a dress You ought to sit and listen to me for a
while
The Market
Markets through the mechanism of ‘price’ regulates opportunities Price dictates what I can afford The price also dictates what I can charge
for various abilities People would spend less on “The greatest
hits of Dr. Ken” than they would on “Madonna’s greatest hits”
Architecture
The architecture of the world regulates our abilities We can’t see through walls We can’t come to class if we are in a
wheelchair We can’t fly…
4 Regulators
The ‘real world’ is regulated by a combination of these 4 regulators
As we consider regulating the cyberspace world, the same 4 regulators have an impact
Laws in Cyberspace
Laws exist in cyberspace, and are punishable Copyright law Defamation law Sexual harrassment law
Behaviour is constrained by law, just as in the real world.
Social Norms in Cyberspace
Social norms also constrain cyberspace Forum rules Banning / Kicking from chat rooms
Market in Cyberspace
Prices in cyberspace also constrain that world. We can access a wider market, but the
price still constrains us.
Architecture in Cyberspace It exists, but is different from the
architecture of the real world Hardware / Software Protocols Password to gain access Encryption Tracking transactions
We can’t choose whether to obey the architecture (just as in the real world) Unless we are a hacker…
Regulating Cyberspace
Cyberspace then is regulated with the same 4 regulators Law Social Norm Market Architecture
Lets think about ‘Porn’ A lot of people have raised a lot of
concerns about the amount of porn available on the web. And how easy it is to access it Moreover how easy it is for minors to
access it But there is plenty of porn in the ‘real
world’ too How is it regulated?
Real World Porn Law: It is against the law for distributors to
sell porn to minors. Social Norm: Generally society looks down
on distributing porn to minors. Market: Porn is priced such that minors
can’t really afford it.
All of these also apply to the cyberspace world. So what about architecture?
Architecture
In the real world. Fake moustache? Stilts? Deep voice?
In Cyberspace Default anonymity
The Architecture
Because the architecture of cyberspace is different from the real world, regulation of cyberspace is different But there is no one single architecture of
the web Organisations / Governments have
choices about what architecture to use
Choice of Architecture What happens when you try to surf the web
at Payap? How is it different from my old university?
If I encrypt a message, is it truly encrypted? Or could the government read it anyway?
What happens if I go to a website considered ‘detrimental to society’ in Thailand?
Choice of Architecture
Can I host my porn site in the US? Or my gambling site?
Can anyone see my drunken tagged photos on facebook? Can I control who can see them?
Control vs Freedom
Traditionally the web is considered a free space
But there is a choice of architectures allowing control over that space Controlling Access Controlling Use Controlling Privacy
The Constitution
A nation’s constitution then often guides the architecture Architecture of Control Architecture of Freedom
Consider the architecture used in the US vs Burma vs China…
Encryption Software We’ll come back to discuss encryption
again later, but The ability to (or not to) be completely
anonymous in cyberspace is a big issue. It affects the regulability of cyberspace
The ability for governments to regulate our activities online.
It also affects basic human rights Freedom of Speech Right to Privacy
Back to the “Real World”
We have passports Travel is restricted based on passports Movements are tracked by passports Criminals are identified by passports
In some countries the burden of passports is greater than others Government policies to stop peasants
from flooding cities during famines
Cyberworld ID Consider having online passports
Great! Catch the criminals with minimal burden on the
innocent
Awful! Loss of freedom – complete government control
What do you think?