IGAC’s newest Activity:

Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report (TOAR)Global metrics for climate change, human health and crop/ecosystem research

Owen R. Cooper CIRES, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, USA

TEMPO 3rd Science Team Meeting May 27 and 28, 2015

The University of Alabama in Huntsville

What is the current state of our understanding of tropospheric ozone?

IPCC AR5 provided an update on the present-day distribution and trends of tropospheric ozone.

But, in just 900 words …..

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A new paper attempts to provide a more lengthy, but readable overview of present day tropospheric ozone:

Recently published in a new open-access, non-profit journal supported by U.S. universities:

DartmouthGeorgia Institute of TechnologyUniversity of Colorado BoulderUniversity of MichiganUniversity of Washington

It’s a good start, but how much can you really say in 20 journal pages?

Tropospheric NO2 column data from the GOME and SCIAMACHY sensors were freely downloaded from: www.temis.nl

For methodology see: Boersma, K. F., et al. (2004), Error analysis for tropospheric NO2 retrieval from space, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D04311,Richter, A., et al.(2005), Increase in tropospheric nitrogen dioxide over China observed from space, Nature, 437

Anthropogenic emissions upwind of the USA are changing rapidly

1996-1998

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Tropospheric NO2 column data from the GOME and SCIAMACHY sensors were freely downloaded from: www.temis.nl

For methodology see: Boersma, K. F., et al. (2004), Error analysis for tropospheric NO2 retrieval from space, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D04311,Richter, A., et al.(2005), Increase in tropospheric nitrogen dioxide over China observed from space, Nature, 437

Anthropogenic emissions upwind of the USA are changing rapidly

1996-1998

Parrish, D. D. et al (2013), Lower tropospheric ozone at northern midlatitudes: Changing seasonal cycle, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 1631–1636, doi: 10.1002/grl.50303.

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IGAC’s newest Activity:Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report (TOAR)Global metrics for climate change, human health and crop/ecosystem research

Mission:Provide the research community with an up-to-date global assessment of tropospheric ozone’s distribution and trends from the surface to the tropopause.

Facilitate access to the ozone metrics necessary for quantifying ozone’s impact on human health and crop/ecosystem productivity.

>160 scientists from 33 nations, representing all 7 continents

Stakeholders:

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TOAR Member Nations

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TOAR Goals

1) Produce the first tropospheric ozone assessment report based on the peer-reviewed literature and new analyses.

2) Generate easily accessible, documented data on ozone exposure and dose metrics at hundreds of measurement sites around the world (urban and non-urban), freely accessible for research on the global-scale impact of ozone on climate, human health and crop/ecosystem productivity.

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TOAR Ozone Metrics

The TOAR database will contain various ozone metrics at thousands of surface sites around the world. The full suite of metrics is still being developed but some key metrics that will be included are:

Human Health:- Maximum daily 8-hour average

- Maximum daily 1-hour average

Vegetation: - Cumulative Exposure Index: W126- Cumulative Exposure Index: AOT40- Flux-Based Index: PODy (will only be calculated for a limited number of sites due to the need for additional meteorological and soil parameters)

Climate Change:- Monthly means, medians and various percentiles at rural sites- Monthly and seasonal mean vertical profiles where data are available

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TOAR Organization

TOAR is a science effort initiated by IGAC, and developed by an international team of experts.

TOAR receives financial and logistical support from - IGAC- The World Meteorological Organization- US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

(NOAA)

Coordinated by an eleven-member Steering Committee

The assessment report will be published as a series of 8 stand-alone chapters in a special issue of a peer-reviewed, open-access journal.

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TOAR work-flow diagram

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The TOAR Database is up and runningCourtesy: Martin Schultz and Olga Lyapina

Forschungszentrum Jülich

http://join.iek.fz-juelich.de:50091 14

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Timeline

December 2014: TOAR Workshop 1.01 in Boulder

February – March, 2015: Preliminary organization of TOAR chapter author teams and working groups.

February – December 2015: Collect ozone observations and populate TOAR database, begin work on calculating ozone metrics around the world

April 28-30, 2015: TOAR Workshop 1.02, Madrid, Spain

December 2015: Produce first draft of assessment report

January 2016: Workshop 1.03 – location to-be-determined

December 2016: Submit assessment report to a peer-reviewed journal and perform any necessary updates to the ozone metrics on the database

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TOAR Workshop 1.02April 28-30, 2015Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMET), Madrid, Spain

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Possible surface

Sites for TOAR

Possible surface ozone monitoring sites across South Asia

As identified by the South Asia Working Group, led by:Manish Naja, AIRES, Nainital, IndiaRajesh Kumar, NCAR, Boulder

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Possible surface ozone monitoring sites across Asia

As identified by the Asia Working Group, led by:Hiroshi Tanimoto, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan

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How TOAR can benefit from TEMPO

- TOAR will be published by mid-2017, too early for TEMPO

- However, TOAR II is a strong possibility.

- TEMPO can provide much needed information on free tropospheric ozone above North America

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How TOAR can benefit from TEMPO

Presently, in situ data for monitoring ozone trends above western N. America are only available with sufficient frequency in spring.

20 years (1995-2014) of free tropospheric (3-8 km) ozone observations above western N. America in springtime.

Update to:

Cooper et al. (2012), Long-term ozone trends at rural ozone monitoring sites across the United States, 1990–2010, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D22307

The OMI/MLS instruments on NASA’s AURA satellite have monitored tropospheric ozone since 2004.

10.25 years of data show that ozone has increased significantly in both hemispheres.

Is ten years of data enough considering the influence of ENSO on ozone?

OMI/MLS data processed by J. Ziemke, NASA GSFC.

Cooper, O., and J. Ziemke (2015): [Global Climate] Tropospheric Ozone [in "State of the Climate in 2014"]. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., in-preparation.

How TOAR can benefit from TEMPO

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To this plot TOAR will add tropospheric ozone retrievals from:

GOME/GOME-2: 1996-future

IASI: 2007 - future

FTIR ground-based sensors: 1980s – future

TEMPO (N. America only): 2017 – the future

How TOAR can benefit from TEMPO

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