ifrs and taiwan – the move to global accounting standards
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International Financial Reporting Standards
The views expressed in this presentation are those of the presenter, not necessarily those of the IASC Foundation or the IASB
IFRS and Taiwan – The Move to Global Accounting Standards
Sir David Tweedie
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2The IFRS Objective
• Goal to be the single set of accounting standards used worldwide
• Aimed at providing high-quality, transparent, and comparable information for investors and other users of financial information
© 2010 IASC Foundation. 30 Cannon Street | London EC4M 6XH | UK. www.iasb.org
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3Why Global Standards are Needed
• Accounting standards evolved nationally
• Globalisation hindered by national comparisons
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4Benefits to Capital Markets
• Credibility of local market to foreign investors
• Greater cross-border investment
• Efficient capital allocation
• Comparability across political boundaries
• Facilitates global education and training
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5Benefit to companies
• Lower cost of capital
• Integrated IT systems
• Easier consolidation
• “One set of books”
• Assist in raising capital overseas
• Understand financial statements of overseas suppliers, customers, subsidiaries
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Independent and accountable governance
Financial AccountingStandards Board
International AccountingStandards Board
(4/15 US)
Independentstandard-setter
Overseenby Trustees
IASC FoundationTrustees (5/22 US)
Public accountabilityto securities regulators
FAF Trustees
Securities and ExchangeCommission (SEC)
Monitoring Board(inc. SEC Chair)
Domestic model Global model
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Similar governance to the FASB
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7IFRS Around the World
Total
IFRSs permitted 24
IFRSs required 93(for all domestic companies)
IFRS required 6(for some domestic companies)
123
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Source of information (adapted from): www.iasplus.com
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Countries seeking convergence with the IASB or pursuing adoption of IFRSs
Countries that require or permit IFRSs
More than 100 countries require or permit the use of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs),
or are converging with the IASB’s standards.
Countries seeking convergence with the IASB or pursuing adoption of IFRSs
Countries that require or permit IFRSs
More than 100 countries require or permit the use of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs),
or are converging with the IASB’s standards.
THE MOMENTUM TOWARDS GLOBAL ADOPTION OF IFRSs
The World is Getting Smaller
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US investors, companies depend on cross-border capital flows 9
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Why Global Standards: Non-US Markets Have Grown
32%
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11Fortune Global 500 (July 2010)
© 2009 IASC Foundation. 30 Cannon Street | London EC4M 6XH | UK. www.iasb.org
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Fortune G500 Based on
announced plans
Which GAAP? 2010 2013 Japan 2016?
IFRSs and word-for-word IFRS equivalents 39% 46% 60%
US GAAP 31% 31% 28%
National GAAPs 30% 23% 12%
Total 100% 100% 100%
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12IFRS – FASB Convergence Process
© 2010 IASC Foundation. 30 Cannon Street | London EC4M 6XH | UK. www.iasb.org
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2001 – 04 Reaction to investor desire for improved, global standards following Asian crisis and US financial scandals
IASB is established; enters Norwalk Agreement with FASB
2005 – 07 Growing IFRS adoption by major economies; continued US support and recognition of IFRSs as being high-quality standards
MoU accelerating convergence
SEC removes reconciliation requirement
2008 - 09 Financial crisis; G20 pressure for convergence leading to adoption; focus on remaining major joint projects
Updates to MoU with 2011 targets and SEC roadmap
2010 - 2011 MoU timetable adjusted to ensure critical issues are completed.
Further SEC update to roadmap
Modified convergence strategy prioritizes major projects for June 2011 completion
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13FASB/IASB Agreement - 2002
• Remove differences
• Align Agendas
• Interpretation
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14What we have done so far
Nonmonetary exchanges
Inventory accounting
Accounting changes
Business combinations
Non controlling interests
Share-based payments
Segment reporting
Borrowing costs
Conceptual Framework – objective and qualitative characteristics
Joint ventures
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17Conceptual Framework Issues
• The objectives of financial reporting
• Qualitative characteristics
• Definitions of assets and liabilities
• Recognition
• Measurement
• Presentation and disclosure
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18Roadmap - 2006
1. Short term
- remove major differences
2. Medium term
- new joint standards where significant improvement required
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19G20 Summit – 25 September 2009
• Redouble efforts to: – achieve a single set of high quality, global accounting
standards within the context of their independent standard setting process
– complete convergence project by June 2011.
• IASB’s institutional framework should further enhance the involvement of various stakeholders.
• G20 acknowledge that there could be differences between capital requirements and accounting rules:
– to ensure comparability, the details of the leverage ratio will be harmonized internationally, fully adjusting for differences in accounting.
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20Major MoU Project – 2010 Standard
• Derecognition
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Major MoU Projects – H1 2011 Standards
• Consolidations / Joint Ventures
• Fair Value Measurement
• Pensions
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22Pensions
£mDeficit 10Less 10% of liabilities 4
6
Spread over 10 year working lifeDeficit per accounts - £600,000
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23Major MoU Progress – 2012 Standards
• Revenue Recognition
• Leases
• Financial Instruments
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24Leases
2008 2009• Total Annual leasing
volume $644bn $557bn
• N. America 21% 34%
• Europe 49% 38%
• Asia 19% 20%
• Rest of world 11% 8%
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25Financial Instruments
• Classification and Measurement– Assets– Liabilities
• Impairment
• Hedging
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26Changing Standard Setting
• 1. Deadlines – quality paramount
• 2. More time taken does not mean better standards
• 3. World and standard setting changed since crisis– Proactive engagement– Globally consistent answers– New ways of working
• 4. Support for post-implementation reviews
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27Possible agenda issues
Old Standards
Agriculture
Share-based payments
Income taxes
Pensions
Associates
© 2010 IFRS Foundation. 30 Cannon Street | London EC4M 6XH | UK. www.ifrs.org
Government grants
Intangibles
Foreign currency translation
Performance reporting
Disclosure framework
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28Possible Agenda Issues (Cont.)
• Post-implementation Review
• - Segments
• - Business Combinations
• Other
• - Extractive Industries
• - Common Control
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29Current Debates
• 1. Transparency v Financial Stability
• 2. Ideology– Fair value v historical cost– IFRS v US GAAP– Performance presentation
• 3. IFRS – international or regional?
• 4. ADOPT don’t ADAPT
• 5. Principles v rules
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30Principle based standards
Can we do it?
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31Principle-based standards
PrinciplesPrinciples RulesRules
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32A principle based standard
• No exceptions
• Core principles (objectives)
• No inconsistencies
• Tied to conceptual framework
• Judgement
• Minimum guidance
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33Rule-based Standards
• If don’t act with integrity
• If attack reasonable judgement in court
• If ask for voluminous interpretations
• If raw economic facts are unacceptable
• If regulators want one answer
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34The future 34
2010 IFRS in +120 countries and US convergence programme
2013 IFRS in +150 countries and US broadly converged
Vision A single set of high quality global accounting standards
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