ifpri - naes conference on sustainable & resilient agriculture - jeevika weerahewa - converging...

Jeevika Weerahewa, Buddhi Marambe, Pradeepa Silva, Gamini Pushpakumara,

and Diana De Alwis

University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka

February 13, 2014

Converging Policies and Programs for Climate Resilient

Agriculture in Sri Lanka

Issue Vulnerability, resilience and climate resilient agriculture

Climate change and Sri Lankan Agriculture

Building resilience through planned adaptation

Objectives of the study

Methodology

An analysis of Agriculture, Livestock, Forestry, Inland fisheries, Land, Water Sector Policies

Policy recommendations

Contents

Vulnerability: Susceptibility to be adversely affected

Resilience: Ability of a system to anticipate, absorb, accommodate or recover from a shock in a timely and efficient manner

Vulnerability and Resilience

Impacts of climate change on agricultural systems Erratic precipitation: interferes with land preparation, time of

planting and harvesting, and the incidence of P & D.

Droughts: cause water stress and reduces crop yield

Increased precipitation: causes flooding, increased surface run-off and soil erosion, landslides and destruction of crops.

Increased ambient temperature: changes production levels of both crop and animal agriculture and incidence of P & D

An agricultural system that can mitigate and adapt to climate change is a climate resilient agricultural system

What is climate resilient agriculture?

Vulnerabilities of the Sri Lankan Agricultural Sector

• Wetter rainy seasons and drier dry seasons

• Serious implications for food production: reduce agriculture productivity by 10-50% in next three decades (APAARI, 2012)

Diversification and Agroecological Intensification through Informed

choices (crops, and varieties; livestock and breeds, etc.)

Plant and Animal Genetic Resources

Irrigation water and watershed management

Agriculture know-how

Making farmers more market oriented

What is the role of the government?

What is planned adaptation?

How do we build

resilience?

ADB + IFPRI report

Adaptation policy should be an extension of development policy (mainstreaming), but adaptation must go beyond good development policy

Key components of new and innovative measures to CC Changes in agricultural practices

Changes in agricultural water management

Agricultural diversification

Developing agricultural science and technology

Agricultural advisory and information systems Risk management and crop insurance

Review of Literature:

Recommended adaptation measures

To investigate the extent to which above measures are included in agricultural policy framework in Sri Lanka

Overall objective of this study

1. Inventorize existing policies and programs from the lens of sustainable and climate resilient agriculture

2. Analysis of these policies and programs with special reference to their scope, investment, implementation, beneficiaries and impact

3. Nature and extent of existing convergence of these policies and programs to contribute to sustainable and climate resilient agriculture

4. How further convergence can be promoted among the existing policies and programs to optimize the resources and maximize the impacts

Specific objectives

1. Inventory: Review of policy documents of Ministries of Agriculture, Livestock, Forestry, Fisheries, Land, Water

2. Implementation: Budget proposals and national investment plans

3. Convergence: Climate smart agricultural policies, i.e., recommended adaptation measures versus existing measures

4. Further convergence: Stakeholder interviews and synthesis of findings

Methodology

National Policies

Ordinances and acts

Regulations Programs Projects

Government Policy Framework

National Agricultural Policy (2007)

National Agricultural Research Policy (2003-2010)

National Seed Policy (1996)

National Livestock Development Policy (2007)

National Agricultural Research Policy (2012)

National Livestock Breeding Policy (2010)

National Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Policy (2006)

National Watershed Management Policy (2004)

National Rain Water Policy and Strategies (2005)

National Land Use Policy (2007)

1. Inventory of National Policies

Soil conservation act (No. 25 of 1951 and No. 24 of 1996), Seed act (No. 22 of 2003), Regulation of Fertilizer Act (No. 68 of 1988), Control of Pesticides Act (No. 33 of 1980), Plant Protection Act (No. 35 of 1999), Felling of trees (No. 30 of 1953)

Land Settlement Ordinance (No. 20 of 1931), Land Development Ordinance (No. 19 of 1935), Land Acquisition Act (No. 9 of 1950), Paddy Land Act of 1956, Land Reforms Act of 1974, Land Reclamation and Development Corporation Act (No. 35 of 2006), Agrarian Services Development Act (No. 15 of 1968 and No. 46 of 2000), Title Registration Act (No. 21 of 1988)

Pasture Land Reservation and Development Act (No. 4 of 1983), Animal Feed Act (No. 15 of 1986), Animal Disease Act

Forest Ordinance and Forest Amendment Act (No. 65 of 2009), Fauna and Flora Protection (Amendment) Act (No. 49 of 1993),

Fisheries and Aquatic Development Act (No. 2 of 1996),National Aquaculture Development Authority Act (No. 53 of 1998)

1. Inventory of Ordinances, Acts and

Legislations

Divinaguma National Program, Commercial Farm Program, Organic Fertilizer Production and Utilization Youth Agri Entrepreneurship Program,

Livestock Breeding Program, Goat Breeding Program

Aquatic Resources and Quality Improvement Project

Dayata Sevana National Tree Planting Program, Farmers Woolotprogram, Village Reforestration Program, Joint Forest Management Program, HomegardenDevelopment Program

National Land Title Registration Program

Extension of Mahaweli Consolidation Project, Rideemaliyadda, Welioya, and Rambaken Oya Integrated Development Projects, Kivul Oya Reservoir Development Project,

Upper Mahaweli Watershed Management Project

1. Inventory of Programs and Projects

Budget Speech 2015

Crop insurance scheme for compensation for crop damages

Unstoppable Sri Lanka: Public Investment Plan

Documentation as of December 31, 2015.

2. Implementation: Budgetary Allocations

Level Strategy Policy

Statements

Legislati

ons

Programs

and Projects

Budgetary

Allocations

National Strong extension service

Functioning credit markets

Market information system

Climate information system

Community IPM

Transfer of indigenous knowledge

Farm Zero till

Organic agriculture

Low input agriculture

Changing planting dates and crop varieties

Soil and water conservation

IPM and pathogen management

Supplementary livestock feeds

3. Convergence: Agricultural Practices


Statements

Legislati

ons

Programs

and Projects

Budgetary

Allocations

National Investment in large-scale

systems

---

Reservoirs ---

Community Small reservoirs ---

Watershed management ---

Water trading ---

Farm Water harvesting ---

On farm irrigation ---

Soil and water conservation ---

Drip and sprinkler systems ---

Groundwater use ---

3. Convergence: Water Management

Strategy Policy

Statements

Legislati

ons

Programs

and Projects

Budgetary

Allocations

Shrimp and/or rice farming in

coastal areas with rising sea levels

Migration

Off-farm work -- -- -- --

3. Convergence: Agricultural

Diversification


Statements

Legislati

ons

Programs

and Projects

Budgetary

Allocations

National Drought-and/or heat-resistant

crops/animal

Salinity tolerant varieties

Water conserving crops, and animal

breeds

Community Participatory crop breeding

3. Convergence: Agricultural S & T


Statements

Legislati

ons

Programs

and Projects

Budgetary

Allocations

National Support dissemination of climate-resilient

varieties, technologies, and practices;

Disseminate (seasonal) climate forecast

Community Farmer-to farmer training

3. Convergence: Agricultural advisory

and information systems


Statements

Legislati

ons

Programs

and Projects

Budgetary

Allocations

National Weather index insurance

Community Contract farming

weather index insurance

futures and option

contracts

Farm Crop insurance

3. Convergence: Agricultural risk

management and crop insurance

National policies

National Environment Policy (2003)

National Climate Change Policy (2012)

National Policy on Protection and Conservation of Water Sources, their Catchments and Reservations in Sri Lanka (2014)

3. Convergence through cross cutting policies

Policy objectives

Too much emphasis on farm incomes (instead of profitability) and rice self sufficiency reduced opportunities for diversification and commercialization of agriculture

Little emphasis on provision of security to farmers (to help in managing risk and uncertainty in diversification)

No long term planning; conservative thinking and short term measures

4. Further Convergence: Stakeholder Views

Policy design

Need to be based on more scientific evidence (such as a climate prediction systems)

Need for a strengthened extension services (back to KVS system)

Insurance system for crop losses as well as market prices

Need for a good marketing system (government demand, private, export)

Varieties resistant for salinity, acidity, drought (beyond paddy)

Need for capital investments and value addition


Legislations

A new seed act has been proposed and new Plant Varieties Protection act is to be legislated.

Cabinet can direct the treasury to finance the activities in a national policy even before needed legislations are formed

Ability to implement programs and projects once a national policy is approved by the cabinet (even without specific guidance from acts and legislation)

No one-to-one match between acts and institutions


(ctd...)

Implementation

Multiple agencies (devolved subjects at national and provincial levels)

Responsibilities of the implementation of an act are shared by multiple departments providing room for political interferences

Advantage of being small, flexibility to change

Absence of an intelligence team to forecast market trends

Not much room for innovative and novel development approaches (motivation/HR)


(ctd...)

Agricultural water management

Agricultural practices

Developing agriculture science and technology

Agriculture diversification

Agriculture education,

advisory and information system

Insurance

“…….Having a good marketing system is the key to divert farmers from paddy in to other field crops. At present, farmers treat ‘paddy’ as their insurance package…….”

“…………by providing market and climate information through a reliable extension system and by facilitating development of insurance markets will make the Sri Lankan agricultural markets climate resilient……..”

“…….the regulatory frameworkof the Sri Lankan government isvery strong in irrigation and watermanagement……. “

Attractive policy statements; some convergence with the sectoral development policies and no serious divergencies

Some minor issues due to the lack of regulations in the legal provisions given by the legislations

Major issues are with the implementation; difficulties in coordination among multiple agencies, political interference and budgetary restrictions

Conclusions

Promote utilization of traditional varieties and breeds which are more resistant to climate shocks and identify practices based on traditional knowledge that will enable farming systems to be more climate resilient

Improve the capacities of the Department of Agriculture for effective enforcement of the Soil Conservation Act No. 24 of 1986 (as Amended)

Update agro-ecological maps and educating farmers on potential agricultural diversification measures

Strengthen the agricultural marketing system

Introduce forward contract systems

Policy Recommendations: Agriculture

sub-sector

Expedite amending the seed act and issuing of the new act on new plant varieties

Strengthen the activities of the Sri Lanka Council for Agricultural Research Policy(SLCARP) for demand-driven and coordinated agricultural research

Develop salt tolerant crop varieties that are resistant to saline and acidic conditions

Strengthen the existing agriculture extension by recruiting diploma holders and obtain their services to provide market information and climate information to the farmers

Revisit the crop insurance program, identify draw backs and introduce viable crop insurance program.

Policy Recommendations: Agriculture

sub-sector (cont…)

Implement supplementary livestock feed programs.

Strengthen livestock marketing system

Strengthen forward contract systems

Promote integrated farming in order to enhance the resilience in the given system.

Preserve and promote utilization of farm animal genetic resources of indigenous breeds

Policy Recommendations: Livestock sub-

sector

Promote utilization of traditional breeds which are more resistant to climate shocks and identify practices based on traditional knowledge

Introduce effective integrated management systems to promote fishing in seasonal tanks

Promote integrated farming in order to enhance the resilience in the given system.

Develop salt tolerant fish that are resistant to saline and acidic conditions

Policy Recommendations: Fisheries sub-

sector

Strengthen existing programs designed for soil and water conservation,

Promote investments on rehabilitation of small and medium tanks

Design new regulations on ground water harvesting

Fully implement the Land titling act of 1998 with clear land property rights to farmers in settlement schemes.

Policy Recommendations: Water and

Land sub-sectors

Design effective agroforestry systems (including REDD+) with policy and legislative support

Policy Recommendations: Forestry sub-

sector

Update agro-ecological maps and educating farmers on potential agricultural diversification measures

Ensure the availability of resources for science and technology advancement related to climate change resilience and adaptability

Regularize the activities to develop climate hazard/ vulnerability mapping and make the information on climate risks public in a more frequent manner

Strengthen existing early warning systems including a system for seasonal climate forecasting

Establish a climate intelligence unit

Introduce measures to improve coordination across agencies and minimize political interferences (good governance)

Policy Recommendations: Cross-cutting

Thank You

Youth Agri-Entrepreneurship Program (2014)

Initial workshop: Educating about how to join this programme

Field visits: Educating participants on modern agricultural methods and their practical applications in farming

Technological workshops: Residential workshop on modern agricultural farming, marketing management, financial management, and leadership training

PROGRAMMES

Agricultural Practices

Strong Extension Services

Promotion programme for organic fertilizer production and utilization

Increasing production and utilization of organic fertilizer

Minimizing chemical fertilizer use

Reducing chemical fertilizer import

Encourage farmers to use organic fertilizer in addition to chemical fertilizer

Dissemination of compost production with due standard

One farmer should produce 2 Mt of compost

Anticipated total production of compost in all four district (Hambantota, Ampara, Batticaloa, Trincomalee) is 48,000 MT

PROGRAMMES


Organic Agriculture

Commercial Farm Program

Off- season cultivation, Mid-season cultivation

PROGRAMMES


Changing Planting Dates and Crop

Varieties

Commercial farm programme

2 Days skill development workshop for farmers

Selected commercial farmers will be given a field training related to basic knowledge on commercial farming.

PROGRAMMES

Agricultural advisory and information systems

Farmer to Farmer Training

Unstoppable Sri Lanka 2020

Development of Sri Lanka School of Agriculture (350million)

Budget Speech, 2015

Increase the cadre of Agrarian Service Department, DOA & Provincial Agricultural Divisions to promote extension services

Allocation of Rs 700 million to expand capacity of training centers at several locations to increase training programs for field officers as well as small and medium dairy farmers

Recruit 500 technical assistants to the field of Animal Husbandry in 2015 to expand extension work

BUDGETS

Agricultural Practices Strong Extension Services

Mahinda Chinthana 550 Agrarian service centers spread thought the island Set up a National Agricultural Information Exchange

National Agricultural Policy 12.1 recognize and strengthen existing extension system to disseminate innovation and information to the farming

community 12.2 introduce modern information communication technology (ICT) for effective information dissemination to the

farming community 12.3 Redesign and modernize the curricula and courses in the schools of agriculture and other training institutes to

meet the current and future demands of the agricultural sector 12.5 provide opportunities for agricultural scientists and farmers to local trainers and foreign trainers for skills

development

National Agriculture Research Policy Encourage strategic partnerships and sharing knowledge among partners on agriculture research methodologies and

innovations focusing on current and emerging issues such as climate change

National policy on Protection and conservation of water resources, their catchments and reservations in Sri Lanka

Policies related to awareness and participation(11)

National Land Use Policy of Sri Lanka Institutions providing services / facilities for land use will be strengthened so as to provide the people, with a better

service Awareness and educational programs on proper and scientific land use will be implemented Training, awareness and educational programmes relevant to the protection, conservation and improvement of the

quality of the natural resources associated with land will be implemented

POLICIES


Strong Extension Services

Mahinda Chinthana

Farmer banking system will be strengthened further and action will be taken to provide all the loans required by the farmer through this system.

National Agricultural Policy

9.1 strengthen rural credits institutions connected with farmers’ investments, savings and risk management

9.2 introduce simple producers in providing loan facilities for agricultural activities and agro based industries

9.3 ensure availability of credit to farmers at concessionary interest rate

9.4 establish a mandatory share for agricultural credit in the state bank’s overall lending for the benefit of the farming communities

National Livestock Development Policy

Increase funding of research & extension on pasture & forages (Development of Animal feed resource 3.4,i)

POLICIES

Agricultural Practices Functioning Credit Markets


14.5 facilitate marketing information dissemination and marketing operations through the establishment of district level agro enterprises centers

POLICIES

Agricultural Practices Market Information System


1.4 promote good agricultural practices such as IPM and IPNM for sustainable agricultural development

4.3 promote the production and use of environmental friendly bio pesticides with public and private sector participation

POLICIES

Agricultural Practices Integrated Pest Management

Mahinda Chinthana

The use of organic fertilizer and its production will be further encouraged


3.1, Promote production and utilization of organic and bio-fertilizer and gradually reduce the use of chemical fertilizer

3.4 promote manufacturing fertilizer using locally available raw materials

POLICIES

Agricultural Practices Organic Agriculture


6.2 Conserve the existing water resources for sustainable agricultural development

8.2 create awareness among the farming communities on the importance of soil conservation for sustainable agricultural development

8.1Enforce implementation of the provisions of the soil conservation act to ensure proper soil conservation

POLICIES

Agricultural Practices Soil and Water Conservation Techniques


4.1 minimize the use of synthetic pesticides through promoting bio fertilizer and gradually reduce the use of chemical fertilizer

POLICIES


Integrated Pest and Pathogen Management Techniques

National Livestock Development Policy

Development of hay and silage making systems (Development of Animal feed resource 3.4,vi)

POLICIES

Agricultural Practices Supplementary Livestock Feeds


6.5 Safe guard irrigation reservoirs , canals , drainage systems and other structures from damage by natural calamities and usage

National Drinking Water Policy

Promote and actively involved in water source/catchments protection programmes

POLICIES

Water ManagementReservoirs

National Drinking Water Policy Promote and actively involve in conservation and effective management of water sheds to ensure

sustainable use of water for the communities

National Policy on Protection and Conservation of Water Resources, their Catchments and Reservations in Sri Lanka

Policies for the strengthen of institutions

Policies for the identification, demarcating of boundaries conservation and protection of water sources and related areas

National Land Use Policy of Sri Lanka To prevent encroachments on reservations and highly environmentally sensitive areas

Environmentally sensitive areas will be identified and measures will be taken to protect and conserve such areas

All the lands 1600m.above the mean sea level will be protected and conserved

All unutilized lands with over 60% slope will be under permanent forestry and grass land

Natural forests which have a high biological and hydrological value will be conserved as strict conservation forests. Other forests will be allocated for regulated multiple use

The reservations of all natural and man made watercourses and sources whether private or state will be demarcated and protected through appropriate conservation measures. If needed, action will be taken to acquire private lands

In managing land and water resources, river catchments will be considered as the management unit

Conservation and management of wetlands will be undertaken in accordance with land use plans

POLICIES

Water Management Watershed management

National Drinking Water Policy

Non government organizations have acted and will continue to act as proxies for communities and have also developed medium and small scale water supply systems for communities.

POLICIES

Water Management

Water Trading


Improve efficiency of rain fed agriculture through water harvesting mulching and other appropriate techniques(6.3)

National Rainwater Policy And Strategies

Rainwater harvesting shall be made mandatory, yet introduced in phases, in all areas

Under Municipal and Urban council jurisdiction within a prescribed time period, as will be prescribed in law, for certain categories of buildings and development works, and shall be strongly promoted in all Pradeshiya Sabha areas.

Issue of circulars through relevant Ministries and line agencies, to make rainwater harvesting techniques standard in all building Designs and Bills of Quantities, in all future new Government buildings, as utility and demonstration purposes, within a prescribed time. Simultaneously fund allocation through the Provincial Councils, on an annual basis to incorporate and monitor such measures in all existing structures with roof potential, at central locations, for public awareness.

POLICIES

Water ManagementWater Harvesting

Mahinda Chinthana

5000 drip irrigation unites have been distributed in dry zone

15000 unites will be given in next three years

POLICIES

Water Management Drip and Sprinkler Systems

Mahinda Chinthana

Breeding varieties of agricultural crops that can withstand the harsh conditions of the dry zone and are suitable for short-term harvesting

National Livestock Breeding Policy (2010)

Grading up of exotic breeds

Maintain the existing indigenous breeds of livestock

POLICIES

Agricultural Science & TechnologyDrought-and/or heat-resistant crops

National Livestock Development Policy (2006)

Salinity tolerant pasture spp. will be introduced

(Development of Animal feed resource 3.4,ii)

POLICIES

Agricultural S& TSalinity Tolerant Varieties

Mahinda Chinthana

Research institutions will be given all facilities for breeding varieties of agricultural crops that can withstand the harsh conditions of the dry zone


20.1 collect and conserve crop varieties and their wild relatives for future crop breeding and improvement programme

POLICIES

Agricultural S& T Participatory Crop Breeding

National Livestock Development Policy (2007)Technologies for fibrous feed utilization will be introduced and promote

more effective use of paddy straw (Development of Animal feed resource 3.4,vii)

National Livestock Breeding Policy (2010)There should be organizations and/or institutions to supply the

recommended pure and crossbred breeding bulls of different genetic compositions is the responsibility of the NLDB

POLICIES


Support dissemination of climate-resilient varieties, technologies, and practices

Mahinda Chinthana

Under concept of the One village -one crop, cultivators will be trained

POLICIES

Agricultural Advisory and Information Systems Farmer-to farmer training


10.1 introduce appropriate agricultural insurance schemes to protect the farmers from the risk associated with natural calamities

POLICIES

Agricultural Risk Management And Crop InsuranceCrop Insurance

Budget Speech, 2015

Extend agricultural credit to farmers those who cultivate in rehabilitated lands using organic fertilizer

BUDGETS




Production and use of Organic fertilizer (270 per annum),popularization of Organic Fertilizer in coconut(100)

Pilisaru Solid waste management Program-helps to popularized use of compost among farmers as a eco friendly and low cost fertilizer(5,600)

Budget Speech, 2015

Three –year rehabilitation program to restore abundant paddy lands and put them back for cultivation using organic fertilizer –Rs 2300 million

BUDGETS

Agricultural PracticesOrganic Agriculture


Community forestry programme-formation of community forestry group, prepare community forestry group, prepare community forestry management plans, capacity development of officers of forest department

Budget Speech, 2015

Continue Rs. 5000 per acre grant assistance to support land preparation towards water retention, soil conservation and use of organic fertilizer for small holder tea sector

Increase Kapruka investment loans up to Rs. 3 million to cover soil improvement and water retention in coconut lands

BUDGETS


Soil and Water Conservation Techniques

Unstoppable Sri Lanka 2020 Renovation existing building and supply of equipment-Kotmale (90),Construction of main

canal, distributor canal, field canal, development of agricultural roads, village centers, community centers and other infrastructure development of land(38,500),construction of flood protection bund, drainage canal(700)

Installation of hydro metrological information systems(HMIS)(700)Flood and drought mitigation/climate resilience program (11,300).Development study in flood and drought management through development of water resources in the Mahaweli and related river basins(270)

Budget Speech, 2015 Propose to increase the irrigation budget by further Rs. 15,000 million for the early

completion of Yan Oya, Uma Oya and Moragahakanda development programs and to commence work connected with Gin river, Nilwala river, Kelani river, Howpe dam scheme, Ma Oya and Badulu Oya - Ranella, Malwathu Oya, Kalinga Nuwara, VeliOya, Kalugal Oya, Maha Galgamuwa Weva and Thalpitigala reservoir development and to further develop downstream and livelihood activities associated with Weheragala, Rambaken Oya and Deduru Oya reservoirs

BUDGETS

Water Management

Investment in large-scale systems

Budget Speech, 2015several major and minor irrigation systems totaling 678 were

rehabilitated at a cost of about Rs.3,000 million to create extra water storage capacity in Hambantota, Monaragala, Anuradapura, Kurunegala, Mannar, Polonnaruwa and Vavunia districts

BUDGETS

Water Management

Reservoirs


Rehabilitation of minor irrigation scheme

Budget Speech, 2015

Allocation of Rs. 2000 million to build small dams across rivers flowing through dry zone plains, to create water reservoirs

BUDGETS

Water Management

Small Reservoirs


Establishment of national center for isotope hydrology and tracer application-water resource management

Budget Speech, 2015

Allocate 10 million to each relevant DS in order to cultivate animal fodder in reserved areas, rehabilitation if water tanks, other facilities to prevent wild life entering to villagers

BUDGETS

Water Management

Watershed management


Rideemaliadda integrated development-Improve water access through agro wells and micro irrigation facilities

BUDGETS

Water Management

Drip and Sprinkler Systems


Encouragement of poultry farming as a self employment

BUDGETS

Agricultural Diversification

Shrimp and/or Rice Farming in Coastal Areas with

Rising Sea Levels

Budget Speech, 2015

Rejuvenation of Sugar Plantation Industry, revived to increase sugar production, increase livelihood earnings of 25000 families in Uva and Eastern provinces

Rs. 5000 million to build modern sugar manufacturing farms at Kanthale, Hugurana, Pelwatta to develop small holder plantation under Sri Lanka Sugar Company

Increase FGP of sugarcane Rs. 4500/MT

BUDGETS

Agricultural S& T

Drought-and/or Heat-resistant Crops

Budget Speech, 2015

Set up a Plantation Academy to develop new generation of professional planters and small holder planters to training on Best Agricultural Practices and technology skills

BUDGETS

Agricultural Advisory and Information Systems

Support Dissemination of Climate-Resilient Varieties,

Technologies, and Practices

Budget Speech, 2015

GPS for Paddy Rs. 34-40/kg and GPS for onion, potato, dry chili and maize

Agricultural Risk Management and Crop Insurance Futures and Options Contracts

BUDGETS

Budget Speech, 2015

Give paddy seeds for all small farmers free of charge in 2014/2014 Maha season

Crop Insurance scheme for compensation for crop damages.

Increase the famer pension scheme by Rs. 5000 million support their livelihood

(Not necessarily for climate related damages)

BUDGETS

Agricultural Risk Management and Crop InsuranceCrop Insurance

Soil conservation Act No 25 of 1951

The director has the power to provide credit facilities to the

land owner in order to implement necessary soil conservationpractices

Agrarian Development Act No 46 of 2000

Establishment of the land bank and provide financialassistance to tenant farmers through land banks

Farmers organization have the power to obtain loan facilities(part iv,45,i)

LEGISLATIONS




Banding or prevention of complete weeding or agricultural practices which leads to soil erosion

LEGISLATIONS


Zero till

Fertilizer Act No 68 of 1988

Any person who manufactures organic fertilizer for his own consumption, shall not be require to obtain license

Any person who manufactures organic fertilizer for marketing purposes shall obtain a license and such license shall in respect of the year, be issued free of charge.

The fee payable in respect of an application for the renewal of a license by any person who manufactures organic fertilizer for marketing purposes shall be 5000 Rs

LEGISLATIONS


Organic Agriculture

Soil conservation Act No 25 1951

Propose activities, research, coordinate activities to enhance thesoil productivity, maintained the soil productivity, enhance the soilconservation. 4,(e)

Authorizing any prescribed officer or person to give directions forseasonal or periodical changes in the type of crops cultivated oradoption of cultivation practices for the purpose of promoting soilconservation.

6(c)

Controlling of grazing animals to reduce soil erosion

LEGISLATIONS


soil and water conservation techniques

Plant Protection Act (No 35 of 1999)

Can’t keep, sell, grow or distribute plants infected by quarantine pathogens. (Part III,7.3)

LEGISLATIONS


Integrated Pest and Pathogen Management

Techniques

Soil conservation Act (No. 25 of 1951)

Minister has the power to prevent flooding conditions or drought conditions which could be a resulted due to water storage or water divergent. Minister has the power to decide the time of irrigation and method of irrigation with the intention of ensuring the efficient use of available water

Agrarian development act (No. 46 of 2000)

Interference with protection of irrigation work (part vii 83.i)

Sri Lanka land Reclamation & Development corporation (Amendment) Act No 35 of 2006

No building or any structure constructed on any area declared to be a canal reservation (5,4A,i)

Pollution of any canal under canal reservation fine would be between Rs.100000-500000 (20C,i)

LEGISLATIONS

Water Management

Small reservoirs


Establishment of the forest areas in watersheds, Establish the non agricultural land areas along the river basins and protect the vegetation along the river basins

LEGISLATIONS

Water Management

Watershed management


Supervision & administration of irrigation works to be done under the farmer organization (part vii 81,i)

Legislations

Water Management

On farm irrigation

Soil Conservation Act No 25 of 1951

The minister has the power to decide the methods (Tomaintain soil fertility, to soil water conservation) which shouldbe adhere by the land owners.

The minister has the power to provide necessary command tothe land owners to prevention or control of soil erosion.

Prohibiting or controlling the exploitation of forest and grasslands resources in the interests of soil conservation.

LEGISLATIONS

Water Management

Soil and water conservation


Should take permission to dig wells for cultivation (part vii 89.1)

When use well water for cultivation should take step to prevent wastage of water (part vii 89.2)

LEGISLATIONS

Water Management

Groundwater use

Seed Act No 22 of 2003

Giving technical knowledge and necessary coordination for standardization of seeds by seed producers

LEGISLATIONS

Agricultural Advisory and Information Systems

Support Dissemination of Climate-resilient Varieties,

Technologies, and Practices

Seed Act No 22 of 2003

Aware farmers about need of seed policy, how purchase quality seeds and planting materials, problems related to bad seed usage, seed distribution.

LEGISLATIONS


Farmer-to farmer training

Land development ordinance (No. 19 of 1935)

Crop Insurance Scheme that was introduced

LEGISLATIONS

Agricultural risk management and crop insurance

Crop insurance

National Rainwater Policy and Strategies (2005)

Prevent depletion of groundwater, by recharge and preserve it at higher levels and quality, Minimizing water stress during droughts, and enhancing the vitality of all life forms

Use the vast underground storage capacity of Earth along with the ‘Wewa’, ‘Kulam’ to enhance the water levels of the ‘Pathaha’, ‘dug or tube well’,’ spring, river, or any other water source, using traditional wisdom, acceptable participatory mechanisms, and by appropriate combinations of available methods such as, Storage structures, Contour Bunds and Drains, Sub-surface cut off walls, mulch , contour tree planting etc.

POLICIES

Water Management Groundwater Use

National Agriculture Research Policy (2012)

Facilitate collection, documentation, validation and development of traditional knowledge pertaining to agriculture

POLICY


Transfer of Indigenous Knowledge

National Land Use Policy of Sri Lanka

Peoples’ participation in the sustainable use of land resources will be enhanced

Action will be taken to rehabilitate degraded lands

Adoption of suitable and effective conservation measures will be a pre-requisite and essential condition for agricultural land use

POLICIES

Water ManagementSoil and Water Conservation

ifpri - naes conference on sustainable & resilient agriculture - jeevika weerahewa - converging...

Education

agricultural policy

agricultural science

climate resilient agriculture2

climate resilient agriculture4

animal agriculture

analysis of agriculture

agricultural practices

agriculture productivity