if you already have the cyg and g

7/27/2019 If You Already Have the Cyg and g

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/if-you-already-have-the-cyg-and-g 1/223

If

you alreadyhave the

Cygwin gccand g++

compilers,GNU make,and gdb debu

gger installed



on your Windows

system andyour path is

set upcorrectly to

find them,make sure



that you havethe correct

versions.To check the

versions of your Cygwin

compilersand tools:



1. Check theversion of

Cygwinenvironment

by typing thefollowing

commandsat a



Windowscommand

prompt:2.

3. C:\>cygcheck

-c cygwin



4. Check theversions of

the Cygwingcc and g++

compilers, make,

and gdb by

typing the



followingcommands

at aWindows

commandprompt:

5.



6. C:\>gcc --

version7. C:\>

g++ --version



8. C:\>make --

version9. C:\>

gdb --version

If you havethe correct



versions, thenno further

setup isnecessary.

See Verifyingthe

Installation toverify that the

https://netbeans.org/community/releases/73/cpp-setup-instructions.html#verifying








compilers, m ake,

and gdb debugger

from cygwin.com: 1. Refer to

the Cygwin

http://cygwin.com/

http://cygwin.com/

http://cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/index.html


http://cygwin.com/

http://cygwin.com/



User'sGuide for

completeinformation

aboutinstalling

and usingCygwin.







the leftnavigation

bar, or byclicking this

direct setup.exe link.

3. Run

the setup.

http://www.cygwin.com/setup.exe






exe program. Accept

the defaultsuntil you

reach theSelect Your

InternetConnection



page. Selectthe option

on this pagethat is best

for you.Click Next.

4. On theChoose



DownloadSite page,

choose adownload

site youthink might

be relatively



download.Click the +

next toDevel to

expand thedevelopment

toolscategory.



You maywant to

resize thewindow so

you can seemore of it at

one time.



6. Selecteach

package youwant to

download byclicking the

Skip labelnext to it,



whichreveals the

versionnumber of

the packageto download.

At a



minimum,select

gcc-core: Ccompiler

gcc-g++:C++compiler



gdb: TheGNU

Debugger make: the

GNU versionof the 'make'

utility



Packagesthat are

required bythe

packagesyou select

areautomaticall



y selectedas well.

7. Click Nextto connect to

thedownload

site anddownload



thepackages

youselected,

and clickFinish when

the



installation iscomplete.

8. Now addthe Cygwin

compiler directory to

your path toenable



NetBeansIDE to find

the toolscollection:

0. Open theControlPanel:

- On



System.- On

Windows 7,type var in

the Startmenu's

search boxto quickly



find a linkto Edit the

systemenvironmen

t variables.1. Select

the Advanced



tab andclick

Environment

Variables.2. In the

SystemVariables



panel of theEnvironme

ntVariables

dialog,select

the Path v



y is C:\cygwin.

Directorynames

must beseparatedwith a

semicolon.



Your editedpath should

looksomething

like %SystemRoot%\

system32;%System



Root%;C:

\Program

Files\QuickTime\

QTSystem;C:\cygw

in\bin



4. Click OKin the

Environment

Variablesdialog and

the System



Propertiesdialog.

5. See Verif ying the

Installation to verify

that thetools were









installedcorrectly for

theNetBeans

IDE.MinGW

Compilersand Tools



NetBeansIDE 7.3 was

tested withMinimalist

GNU for Windows

(MinGW) andthe Minimal



System(MSYS) Unix-

likeenvironment.

Versionstested and

installationinstructions



are shownbelow.

Note. If youwant to use

Qt withWindows,

see thearticle Workin

https://netbeans.org/kb/docs/cnd/qt-applications.html




g with Qt Applications f

or instructions

for installingMinGW and

Qt software.Sof Ve Descr







c 6.2 compiler

g+

+

4.

6.2

MinGW

C++compil

er gd

7. MinG



b 4 WGNU

debugger

ma

ke 3.81

MSYS make

utility

Note



thatMinG

Wmake

is notsuppo

rted



from mingw.org:

1. Log in toWindows

using anaccount with

computer

http://mingw.org/

http://mingw.org/

http://mingw.org/

http://mingw.org/



administrator privileges.

2. Downloadthe MinGW

installer from http://s

ourceforge.n

http://sourceforge.net/projects/mingw






et/projects/mingw.

3. Run theMinGW

installer,which

should havea file name







similar to mingw-

get-inst-20120426.

exe.4. Accept thedefault C:\M

inGW as the



destinationfolder if

possible tominimize

any potentialdifficulty with

using thecompilers



from another location.

5. In theMinGW

installer select the

following



Fortran programs)

MSYS BasicSystem

MinGWDeveloper Toolkit



6. ClickInstall and

wait a fewminutes

while theinstaller

programdownloads



thecomponents

youselected.

7. ClickFinish when

thepackages



are finisheddownloading

.You must add

the paths tothe the

binaries for MinGW and



MSYS toolsto your

PATH. If youinstalled to

the defaultlocation the

pathsare C:\MinG



W\bin andC:\MinGW\MSY

S\1.0\bin.To edit your

PATHenvironmentvariable in

Windows:



1. Open theEnvironment

Variableswindow: On WindowsXP and

Windows2000: Right-



click MyComputer >

Properties > Advanced

tab >Environment

Variablesbutton.



On WindowsVista and

Windows 7:Right-click

MyComputer >




SystemSettings link

>Environment

Variablesbutton.

2. In theEnvironment



section andclick Edit.

3. At the endof the path,

insert asemi-colon

and add thepaths to the



executablesfor MinGW

and MSYS.Use semi-

colonsbetween the

paths anddo not use



any spaces.Be careful

not toremove

anythingalready on

your PATHor your



computer might not

workcorrectly.

When youare finished,

your pathshould look



similar to thefollowing:

%SystemRo

ot%\system32;%Syst

emRoot%;%SystemRoo



t%\System

32\Wbem;

%SYSTEMROOT%\Syste

m32\WindowsPowerSh

ell\v1.0;C:\MinGW\



bin;C:\Mi

nGW\MSYS\

1.0\bin4. Click OK

in theEnvironment

Variableswindow.



See Verifyingthe

Installation toverify that the

tools wereinstalled

correctly for









the NetBeansIDE.

MicrosoftWindows

TheNetBeans

C/C++module has



been testedwith

compilersfrom Cygwin

and MinGW.If you install

both Cygwinand MinGW,



be careful tokeep their

installationlocations

completelyseparate and

do not mixtools from



Windows, youmust use

MinGW. Seethe

article Working with Qt

Applications f or instructions









and Tools

Cygwin

Compilersand Tools

TheNetBeans

C/C++module has

https://netbeans.org/community/releases/73/cpp-setup-instructions.html#mingw





been testedwith the

followingcompilers and

toolsfrom Cygwin.

com.Soft Ve Des

http://cygwin.com/

http://cygwin.com/

http://cygwin.com/

http://cygwin.com/



wareor

Resource

rsion

Test

ed

cription

cygw

in1.dll

1.7

.7,1.7

Cyg

winLinu



s

gcc 4.3

.4

Cyg

winC

compiler

g++ 4.3

.4

Cyg

win



C++com

piler

gdb 6.8

Cyg

winGN

Udeb



ugger

make 3.81

Cygwin

make

utility



If you alreadyhave the

Cygwin gccand g++

compilers,GNU make,



and gdb debugger installed

on your Windows

system andyour path is

set upcorrectly to



compilersand tools:

1. Check theversion of

Cygwinenvironment

by typing thefollowing



commandsat a

Windowscommand

prompt:2.



3. C:\>cygcheck

-c cygwin4. Check the

versions of the Cygwin

gcc and g++compilers, m



ake,and gdb by

typing thefollowing

commandsat aWindows



7. C:\>g++ --

version8. C:\>

make --version



9. C:\>gdb --

versionIf you have

the correctversions, then

no further setup is



the NetBeansIDE.

To install theGNU gcc

and g++compilers, m

ake,

and gdb deb



ugger from cygwin.

com: 1. Refer to

the CygwinUser's

Guide for complete

http://cygwin.com/

http://cygwin.com/







http://cygwin.com/

http://cygwin.com/



informationabout

installingand using

Cygwin.2. Download

theCygwin set



up.exe program by

clickingInstall

Cygwin inthe left

navigationbar, or by



clicking thisdirect setup

.exe link.3. Run

the setup.

exe program. Accept

the defaults







until youreach the

Select Your Internet

Connectionpage. Select

the optionon this page



that is bestfor you.

Click Next.4. On the

ChooseDownload

Site page,choose a



downloadsite you

think mightbe relatively

close to you.Click Next.

5. On theSelect



Packagespage you

select thepackages to

download.Click the +

next toDevel to



expand thedevelopment

toolscategory.

You maywant to

resize thewindow so



you can seemore of it at

one time.6. Select

eachpackage you

want todownload by



clicking theSkip label

next to it,which

reveals theversion

number of the package



to download. At a

minimum,select gcc-core: Ccompiler



gcc-g++:C++

compiler gdb: The

GNUDebugger

make: the

GNU version



of the 'make'utility

Packagesthat are

required bythe

packagesyou select



areautomaticall

y selectedas well.

7. Click Nextto connect to

thedownload



site anddownload

thepackages

youselected,

and clickFinish when



theinstallation is

complete.8. Now add

the Cygwincompiler

directory toyour path to



enableNetBeans

IDE to findthe tools

collection:0. Open theControl

Panel:



- OnWindows

XP selectStart >

Settings >Control

Panel anddouble-



clickSystem.

- OnWindows 7,

type var inthe Start

menu'ssearch box



to quicklyfind a link

to Edit thesystem

environment variables.

1. Selectthe



Advancedtab and

clickEnvironme

ntVariables.

2. In theSystem



Variablespanel of the

Environment

Variablesdialog,

selectthe Path v



ariable andclick Edit.

3. Add thepath to

the cygwin-

director

y \bin dire



ctory tothe Path v

ariable, andclick OK.

Bydefault, cy gwin-

director



y is C:\cygwin.

Directorynames

must beseparatedwith a

semicolon.



Your editedpath should

looksomething

like %SystemRoot%\

system32;%System



4. Click OKin the

Environment

Variablesdialog and

the System



Propertiesdialog.

5. See Verif ying the

Installation to verify

that thetools were









installedcorrectly for

theNetBeans

IDE.MinGW

Compilersand Tools



System(MSYS) Unix-

likeenvironment.

Versionstested and

installationinstructions



are shownbelow.

Note. If youwant to use

Qt withWindows,

see thearticle Workin





g with Qt Applications f

or instructions

for installingMinGW and

Qt software.Sof Ve Descr







tware

or Re

sourc

e

rsion

Test

ed

iption

gc 4. C



c 6.2 compiler

g+

+

4.

6.2

MinGW

C++compil

er gd

7. MinG



b 4 WGNU

debugger

ma

ke 3.81

MSYS make

utility

Note



thatMinG

Wmake

is notsuppo

rted



To install theGNU

compilers, m ake,

and gdb deb

ugger



from mingw.org:

1. Log in toWindows

using anaccount with

computer

http://mingw.org/

http://mingw.org/

http://mingw.org/

http://mingw.org/



administrator privileges.

2. Downloadthe MinGW

installer from http://s

ourceforge.n







et/projects/mingw.

3. Run theMinGW

installer,which

should havea file name







similar to mingw-

get-inst-20120426.

exe.4. Accept thedefault C:\M

inGW as the



destinationfolder if

possible tominimize

any potentialdifficulty with

using thecompilers



from another location.

5. In theMinGW

installer select the

following



componentsto install:

C C++ Fortran (if you will beworking on



Fortran programs)

MSYS BasicSystem

MinGWDeveloper Toolkit



6. ClickInstall and

wait a fewminutes

while theinstaller

programdownloads



thecomponents

youselected.

7. ClickFinish when

thepackages



are finisheddownloading

.You must add

the paths tothe the

binaries for MinGW and



MSYS toolsto your

PATH. If youinstalled to

the defaultlocation the

pathsare C:\MinG



W\bin andC:\MinGW\MSY

S\1.0\bin.To edit your

PATHenvironmentvariable in

Windows:



On WindowsVista and

Windows 7:Right-click

MyComputer >




SystemSettings link

>Environment

Variablesbutton.

2. In theEnvironment



Variableswindow,

select thePath

variable inthe Systems

Variable



section andclick Edit.

3. At the endof the path,

insert asemi-colon

and add thepaths to the



executablesfor MinGW

and MSYS.Use semi-

colonsbetween the

paths anddo not use



any spaces.Be careful

not toremove

anythingalready on

your PATHor your



computer might not

workcorrectly.

When youare finished,

your pathshould look



similar to thefollowing:

%SystemRo

ot%\system32;%Syst

emRoot%;%SystemRoo



t%\System

32\Wbem;

%SYSTEMROOT%\Syste

m32\WindowsPowerSh

ell\v1.0;C:\MinGW\



bin;C:\Mi

nGW\MSYS\

1.0\bin4. Click OK

in theEnvironment

Variableswindow.



the NetBeansIDE.

Code can beentirely

compiled;hence no

implementation source



must bepublished

(distributingtemplate

librariesusually

requiresdistribution of



the sourcecode of the

templateimplementatio

ns).In contrast,

the followingcan be said



about staticpolymorphism

in C++:Collections of

built-in typesare easily

implemented.More



generally, theinterface

commonalityneed not be

expressedthrough a

commonbase class.



Generatedcode is

potentiallyfaster

(because noindirection

throughpointers is



needed a priori and

nonvirtualfunctions can

be inlinedmuch more

often).



Concretetypes that

provide onlypartial

interfaces canstill be used if

only that partends up



beingexercised

by theapplication.

Staticpolymorphism

is oftenregarded as



more typesafe than

dynamicpolymorphism

because allthe bindings

are



checked atcompile time.

For example,there is little

danger of inserting an

object of the



wrong type ina container

instantiatedfrom a

template.However, in a

container expecting



pointers to acommon

base class,there is a

possibilitythat these

pointersunintentionall



y end uppointing to

completeobjects of

differenttypes.

In practice,template



instantiationscan also

cause somegrief when

differentsemantic

assumptionshide behind



identical-looking

interfaces.For example,

surprises canoccur when a

template thatassumes an



associativeoperator

+ isinstantiated

for a type thatis not

associativewith respect



to thatoperator. In

practice, thiskind of

semanticmismatch

occurs lessoften with



inheritance-based

hierarchies,presumably

because theinterface

specificationis



moreexplicitly

specified.Combining

Both FormsOf course,

you couldcombine both



forms of inheritance.

For example,you could

derivedifferent kinds

of geometric



objects froma common

base class tobe able to

handleinhomogeneo

us collectionsof geometric



objects.However,

you can stilluse templates

to write codefor a certain

kind of



geometricobject.

Thecombination

of inheritanceand

templates isfurther



described inChapter 16.

We will see(among other

things)how the

virtuality of amember



function canbe

parameterized and how an

additionalamount of

flexibility isafforded to



staticpolymorphism

using theinheritance-

basedcuriously

recurring template



pattern (or CRTP ).

Ru-BrdThis

documentwas created

by an



78 CHAPTER

5: TheBuilding

Blocks of PHP. $_FILES

contains any



variablesprovided to a

script throughfile uploads.

. $_SERVERcontains

informationsuch as



headers, filepaths, and

scriptlocations.

. $_ENVcontains any




script as partof the server

environment..

$_REQUESTcontains any




script viaGET, POST,

or COOKIE

inputmechanisms.

. $_SESSIONcontains any



variables thatare currently

registered ina session.

Theexamples in

this book usesuperglobals



in allapplicable

situations.Using

superglobalsis crucial in

creatingsecure



applicationsbecause they

reduce thelikelihood

of user-injected input

to your scripts. By



coding your scripts to

accept onlywhat you

want, in themanner

defined byyou (from a



form usingthe POST

method, or from a

session, for example),

you caneliminate



some of theproblems

created byloosely

writtenscripts.

Data Types



Differenttypes of data

take updifferent

amounts of memory and

may betreated



differentlywhen they

aremanipulated

by a script.Some

programminglanguages



thereforedemand that

theprogrammer

declare inadvance

which type of data a



variable willcontain. By

contrast, PHPis loosely

typed ,meaning that

itautomatically



determinesthe data type

at the timedata is

assigned toeach variable.

Thisautomatic



typing is amixed

blessing. Onthe one hand,

it means thatvariables

can be usedflexibly—in



one instance,a variable can

hold a stringand then later

inthe script it

can hold aninteger or



some other data type. On

the other hand, this

flexibility canlead to

problems inlarger scripts



if you arespecifically

expecting avariable to

hold one datatype when in

fact it holdssomething



completelydifferent.

For example,suppose that

you havecreated code

to manipulate



and no arraystructure

is in place,errors will

occur whenthe code

attempts toperform



array-specificoperations

on thevariable.

Table 5.1shows the

eight



standard datatypes

if you already have the cyg and g

Documents