If the United States took over any country in the

world, which one would it be & why?

Imperialism

Darwin’s theories were interpreted by Social

Darwinists to indicate that• a) select human groups would dominate

those less fit. • b) European countries were more

nationalistic • c) non-White groups were better

adapted to tropical climates• d) imperialism went against the theory

of natural selection • e) education would lead to equality

Social Darwinism

• In reference to an economic & political environment

• Social Darwinism:• Natural Selection + Survival of the Fittest

Social Darwinism

• Those most fit for survival were most evolved, or most “civilized”

Social Darwinism

Social Darwinism

• According to the Europeans who were the most “civilized?”

• Christian, wealthy, industrial nations

• The poor, or “uncivilized,” were that way because they were less evolved

Social Darwinism

Social Darwinism

• According to the Europeans who were the most “uncivilized?”

• Non-Christian nations (Africa, Asia & Pacific Islands)

From the 1500s through the 1700s, Western European

imperialism in Africa and Asia resulted mainly in the

• a) establishment of colonies in the interior.

• b) cooperation of European, African and Asian governments.

• c) increase in trade between Asia and the Americas.

• d) establishment of European trading sea ports from Africa to Asia.

• e) increase in understanding between the different cultures

Russia in the 1700s and Japan in the 1800s were similar in that

both countries

a) began the process of modernization after a long period of isolationism.

b) developed democratic governments after years under absolute monarchies.

c) refused to accept western technological ideas.

d) adopted socialist economic systems after capitalism failed.

e) turned to the United States as a model of nation-building

Defining Imperialism

What Is Imperialism?

• Definition:• A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, economically or socially

Which of the following best describes the most significant

aspect of relations between China and European nations during the

19th century?• a) China’s relations with the outside world

were characterized by its claim to cultural superiority.

• b) Western nations applied pressure to force China to make concessions.

• c) China, under pressure, granted Western nations a series of unequal treaties that gave them most-favored nation trading status.

• d) Europeans living in China were given the right of extraterritoriality

• e) Great Britain lost the Opium War to China.

• COLONY: • A foreign region that is under the direct control of a mother colony

• The mother colony sends people to settle on the land

Forms of Imperialism

Forms of Imperialism

• PROTECTORATE: • A foreign region in which the mother colony allows native rulers to maintain their position of power, but controls them

• SPHERE OF INFLUENCE:

• A foreign region in which an outside nation has control over trade and other economic activities

Forms of Imperialism

Forms of Imperialism

• CONCESSION: • A country is granted the exclusive right to exploit a specific resource in a given region

Two different management methods to control an area

After 1880, European nations sought colonies in

Africa because

The Sepoy Mutiny in India & the Boxer Rebellion in

China were similar in that

Motives For

Imperialism

Motives For Imperialism

a)P: Political (Gain New Territory)

• Prestige, strategic locations, greed, ethnocentrism (Nationalism)

• Lost New World Colonies

B) Intellectual (“Civilizing”):• The desire to spread

Western technology, customs & traditions

Motives For Imperialism

C) Economic:• The IR created a

higher demand for new sources of raw materials & new markets for products

Motives For Imperialism

D) Religious:• Spread the Christian

message

Motives For Imperialism

E) Exploratory:• Searching for New Land • Adventure is Out There

Motives For Imperialism

During the 18th and 19th centuries, increased

contact between Europe and the continents of Africa, Asia, and South America resulted in…

                                                                            

Justification

Justification???• How was Imperialism Justified?

• European superiority• Inferiority of non-white cultures

• Europeans MUST civilize the world

• Only the strongest nations will survive

An analysis of the Russo-Japanese War and the

Boer War shows that one reason nations go to war is

to…..

Gaining Control

Gaining Control

• Military Invasion:

• Claim that the area is a threat

• Claim that disorder threatens business in the region

Gaining Control• Indebtedness: • A ruler loans money from another country

• Falls under the control of the loaning country

• Concession: • Gain a concession and then send the military in to protect the concession

Gaining Control

Gaining Control

• War: • Invade & conquer the territory

Treatment of Native People

• Enslavement: • Forced labor• Segregation: • Separation of races• Example?

Treatment of Native People

Treatment of Native People• Assimilation:• The forced adoption of a “mainstream” culture

• Example?

Problems for Natives??• Loss of traditional culture• Loss of traditional leadership

• Division of tribal groups • Population decline• Depletion of natural resources; loss of good farmland