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IEEE IoT Vertical & Topical Summit for AgriculturePatrick Wetterwald, CTAO IOT Standards and Architecture

ETSI IP6 Vice Chairman, IEC SEG8 Chair, IPSO Alliance Past President

[email protected]

May 21st , 2017

mailto:[email protected]

2© 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

“The Internet of Things is the intelligent connectivity of physical devices driving massive gains in efficiency, business growth, and quality of life.”

What Is the Internet of Things?


7.26.8 7.6

IoT Is Here Now – and Growing!

Rapid Adoption Rate of Digital Infrastructure:5X Faster Than Electricity and Telephony

50 Billion“Smart Objects”

50

2010 2015 2020

0

40

30

20

10

BIL

LIO

NS

OF

DEV

ICES

25

12.5Inflection

Point

TIMELINE

Source: Cisco IBSG, 2011

World Population

The New Essential Infrastructure


Smart Agriculture

5© 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Big Data becomes Open Data for Customers, Consumers to Use

More Important

Less Important

0101010010101010101010101010101010101010001010100101010101

01110101010101010101

IoT Transforms Data into Wisdom

Wisdom (Scenario Planning)

Data

Information

Knowledge

Presenter

Presentation Notes

The main benefit of IoT is derived from the connectivity of these billions of smart objects. While the data each of these individual items produces is of little value, IoT enables it to be processed and correlated with other inputs to produce relevant information; it can then be used in real-time as actionable knowledge by IoT-enabled applications; longer term, it can be used to gain deeper understandings for the purpose of developing proactive policies, processes, responses, and plans.


ServicesServices

But It Also Adds Complexity

Application Interfaces

Infrastructure Interfaces

New Business Models Partner Ecosystem

Applications

Device and Sensor Innovation

Unified Platform

Infrastructure

IoT CONNECTIVITY PLATFORM

IoT SPECIFIC NETWORK ELEMENTS

APPLICATION AND BUSINESS INNOVATION

Data Integration Big Data Analytics Control

SystemsApplication Integration

Security

Network and Perimeter Security

Physical Security

Device-level Security /

Anti-tampering

Cloud-based Threat Analysis /

Protection

End-to-End Data Encryption

Presenter

Presentation Notes

But in addition to these business benefits, IoT also adds additional complexity to your network. That’s because IoT doesn’t replace your existing network; rather, it supplements it, and relies on it in many ways. Your existing network is comprised of a core infrastructure (switches, routers, and servers); a unified platform (not just the operating system, but a programmable SDN network is becoming increasingly important); and applications. Services are an inherent part of every level of the network, and security needs to be interwoven throughout to keep data and assets safe. [ANIMATE x2] IoT requires that connectivity tools be added to the platform, as well as some network elements such as smaller, more self-contained switches and routers for fields, plants, and other operational environments. These network elements are frequently deployed in challenging environments that include harsh weather conditions, significant amounts of vibration, etc., so they need to be ruggedized to function under these conditions. [ANIMATE] Now here’s where it gets interesting … one of the primary differences between your existing IT network and an IoT network is all of these additional devices, sensors, and other “smart objects”. It’s important to note that these objects are networked together, yet they’re independent of your network – you don’t own them; oftentimes can’t see them; and you don’t control them in any way, shape, or form. Yet they’re sending petabytes of data through your network – data that’s required by the applications to function properly. [ANIMATE] Another difference is in the applications, themselves. Unlike today’s monolithic applications, where the main value is delivered locally from the application’s code, IoT applications derive most of their value from the intelligence that is collected from, and distributed throughout, the network; the application itself is merely the method employed to access that intelligence. [ANIMATE] Which leads us to the other major infrastructure difference in an IoT network, which is required to communicate and process all of this intelligence … [ANIMATE] Of course, services will need to be expanded to cover the new capabilities … [ANIMATE] And we’ll need additional layers of security to enjoy the many business benefits of IoT while maintaining a high level of data privacy and protection. [ANIMATE] This is the area of the network Cisco serves. We’ll continue providing core networking equipment, and are expanding to take a leadership role in providing the core infrastructure you’ll need for successful IoT implementations.


Cisco IoT Architecture:Secure IT & OT Convergence

Application Enablement

IoT Connectivity

Fog Computing Management & Automation

Security

Defense

City

UtilityManufacturing

Oil and Gas

Service Provider

Transportation

Public SafetyAnalytics

EcosystemVertical solutions Applications

Presenter

Presentation Notes

The Cisco IoT provides a fully integrated solution that minimizes that complexity. Most customers want a single vendor for IoT, and with the IoT System we have a clear differentiation. Also Cisco Partners can offer the entire IoT System to their customers as a single vendor. The Cisco IoT System, a comprehensive set of Cisco IoT technologies and products for Enterprises to deploy, accelerate and innovate with IoT. The Cisco IoT System integrates six pillars that must come together for a successful IoT solution and deployment: Network connectivity Fog computing Data analytics Security both cyber and physical A way to manage and automate your IoT at scale and A platform for application development


What Industries Are We Focused On?

REAL TIME SCALE BIG DATA/ANALYTICS SECURITY

Manufacturing Energy-UtilityMining Oil and Gas Transportation City Defense SP/M2M

Presenter

Presentation Notes

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=KZhKot74JiSa5M&tbnid=uwp_oG0Jx8VvZM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.goldminingequipmentforsale.com/chile-mining-industry-services-and-barriers/&ei=XrUTUtSuIoWFyQGX8YCIBA&bvm=bv.50952593,d.b2I&psig=AFQjCNGmKiDDQwZMwvGUdM3Gv2avE4GgMA&ust=1377109637358000


The Data Aggregation Challenge

1.1 BillionData points generated by sensors daily500 Gigabytes

Data generated by an offshore oil rig weekly

1000 GigabytesData generated by an oil refinery daily10,000 Gigabytes

Data generated by a jet engine every 30 minutes

2.5 Billion GigabytesData generated worldwide daily

90% of the world’s dataHas been created in the last 2 years!


ArchitectureAddressingSecurityRF Allocation / PlanningGatewaysLow PowerDeterminismWireless

It’s a Game Changer in all technical domains

StandardizationRegulationPrivacyDeployment modelsSustainabilityAnalyticsLearning Machines

LPWA Low Power and Wide Area


IoT LoRa Achitecture


Segment Personal Area Local Area Field AreaWAN Area

Cellular LPWARadio Technology NFC BT RFID ZigBee Wireless

HART802.11NWLAN

802.15.4g W-MBUS

3G LTE Sigfox LoRa

Outdoor Range < 10 m < 200 m < 10 kms > 10 kms

Licensed Spectrum Unlicensed Licensed Unlicensed

Standardization Standard Proprietary

Data Rate (bps) 400K 1 M 250 k 250 k 100 k 600 M 75 k 1.2 k 14 M 100 M 1 k 10 k

Tx Current (mA) 0-10 6 0-10 34 28 400 35 80 1000 1100 70 18

Standby Current (mA) < 0.001 0.003 0.008 1.1 0.005 0.01 3.5 5.5 0.005 0.001

Module Cost $1 $1 $1 $3 $5 $5 $3 $10 $30 $50 $1 $3

Low Powered Wireless Access (LPWA) provides optimal economics for low bandwidth applications, but does have some competition


LoRaWAN™ Use Cases Applicability

Smart water/gas metering Public lighting Smart building Smart parking

Assets Tracking Smart Agriculture, i.e. leak detection and irrigation

Water level andflood management Fault management

Security services, i.e. Smoke detectors

Smart energy and fast demand response Waste management Traffic management

Presenter

Presentation Notes

With information for the Technical Decision Maker in mind – topics to be covered Opportunity – provide examples Definition – Total Adjustable Market, the market you are trying to penetrate

Addressing and Gateways


Where are we?

IPv6 for the IOT is a must (same as radio technologies) ETSI ISG IP6 best practices documents

IPv6 up to the end device Close but not yet there IETF 6lowPan, 6lo, LPWAN, IPWave

Gateways will be your (our) next nightmare:Manageability (maintenance, configuration, deployment…)Energy consumptionSecurity: Breaking end to end security, Network entry point.

Distributing Intelligence


IoT CONNECTIVITY

Converged, Managed Network Resilience at Scale Security Application

EnablementDistributed Intelligence

Vast Amounts of Data

Local Control Loops

Detached Applications

Expensive Bandwidth

Low Cost of Edge Compute

Scale

Why Distributed Intelligence?

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Another difference between IT and IoT is the speed at which decisions need to get made and acted upon. With IT, information, say financial data, comes in and gets analyzed over hours, days, weeks and months. In a mining operation, if someone’s hand gets caught in a machine, you need to shut that machine down immediately. That requires sensor data to come in, be analyzed, a decision to be made and the machine to be shut down in milliseconds. This can’t involve a human being in the process because it’s too slow, so you need closed-loop automation and real-time controls that draw on data analysis that is processed at the edge by an expert system that can decide to shut down the machine. Precise timing in the network is needed to make sure this happens immediately, not in five minutes. You simply can’t have humans in a control center filtering all the data fast enough to make meaningful decisions. To achieve this speed, we need to push the compute capability closer to the source of the data, so data can be filtered and analyzed. Only when necessary does it filter up, in a more actionable form, to a human.


Data Centre/Cloud

Endpoints

Traditional Computing ArchitectureTerminal-Mainframe, Client-Server, Web

Core Network

Presenter

Presentation Notes

A traditional computing architecture would show a client server relationship The endpoints do some processing, and that data or transaction is forwarded over a network to a centralised computing centre in the cloud That transaction is then processed and the answer forwarded back to the requester Before IoT this was a totally acceptable manner of processing information. However the model cannot accommodate the issues latency, critical service processing and context awareness that devices closer to the edge could provide


Data Centre/Cloud

Smart Objects

IoT and Fog Computing ArchitectureData Points, Variety & Velocity, Security, Resiliency, Latency

Fog Network

Core Network

Tens of Millions to BillionsEmbedded Systems & Sensors

Low power, low bandwidth

Tens of Thousands to MillionsMulti-Service Edge

2G/3G/LTE/WiFi/RF Mesh/PLCTSN: Time Sensitive Networks

6TiSCH

ThousandsBackhaul

IP/MPLS, Sec., QoS, Multicast

HundredsData Centre/Cloud

Hosting IoT Analytics

Sensing

Control

CorrelationMillsecond /seconds response

Transactional response times

KB-GB

GB-TB

TB-PB

Infinite

Presenter

Presentation Notes

The IoT requires the introduction of an aggregation layer for computing and storage services we call Fog Computing The Fog Computing layer is context/location aware, close to the edge and can react to events in the IoT nework in sub-seconds The Fog layer provides a control loop capability, where devices can be monitored, controlled and analysed in real time (this is quite critical for SmartGrid components for example)

Need for more determinism


Industrial Intelligence Requires Evolution

DETERMINISM

“Non-Deterministic”

Information

Input/Output

Motion

Closed-Loop Control,

“More Deterministic” “Very Deterministic” “Strictly Deterministic”

UNMANAGED10Mb/s, Half-Duplex,

slow convergence

MANAGED10/100Mbs, 802.11 a/b/g, QoS,

RSTP Fast Convergence (s), IGMP, Full-Duplex, Wireless Mesh

REAL TIMEGb/s, IEEE 1588 PTP, 802.11n,

Low-latency, CleanAir, Very Fast Convergence (ms)

DETERMINISTIC NETWORKING10 Gb/s, Low Jitter, Precise Scheduling,

Loss-less Convergence, Multi-path switching

IND

UST

RIA

L AP

PLIC

ATIO

NS

Wireless

Wired

Future

Safety-CriticalRelevant Innovations to Standard Networks

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Big engineering investments to make IP networks deterministic for control applications: Faster convergence goes to loss-less packet switching Time-based, precise network scheduling for minimal jitter Multi-path packet delivery to guarantee on-time delivery Faster bandwidth for lower latency

Analytics


Analytics vs. Overall M2M connection ratio *

15M to 115M Analytics related connections*Classical Monitoring only doublesAnalytics related M2M connections surge

* Source: ABI Research


Maintenance and operation represent 75% of the Total equipment cost

Dow

ntim

e

Maintenance & operation COST

Corrective maintenance

Preventive Maintenance

PredictiveMaintenance

Actionable Prescriptions

Deployment of Wireless sensors is seen as an efficient solution

Thanks You

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