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TRANSCRIPT
IEE Heater Technology
Dr. Alain SchumacherSenior Department Manager,
Material Development, Innovation
20th of June 2017
Agenda
2 Copyright IEE S.A. © All rights reserved
IEE at a glance
▪ Company profile
▪ Technology & product portfolio
IEE heater technology
▪ Key properties and benefits
▪ Integration benefit
▪ SafeHeat – PTC ink technology
▪ SafeHeat – product applications
Interior heating
▪ Vision & motivation
▪ Roadmap
▪ R&D activities
▪ Thermal concept vehicle
Summary
3
IEE at a glanceGrowth through innovation and diversification
Copyright IEE S.A. © All rights reserved
▪ Founded in 1989
▪ Consolidated turnover: 461 m EUR (2016)
▪ 3,650 people and ~ 10% dedicated to R&D
▪ Markets
▪ Automotive
▪ Building Management & Security
▪ Sports & Healthcare
▪ Connectivity
▪ Energy Management
▪ Global leader in automotive safety sensing systems for occupant detection and classification
▪ More than 300 million vehicles equipped worldwide and direct co-operations with 80 automotive OEMs
▪ Highest quality, environmental and health & safety standards
▪ More than 200 patent families
IEE at a glance
4
IEE Group global footprint
Copyright IEE S.A. © All rights reserved
HeadquartersR&D, Sales, Plant
2014
South KoreaSeoulDevelopment & sales office
ChinaBeijing / LangfangDevelopment & sales officeChina plant
LuxembourgContern/Echternach
HeadquartersEurope plant
SlovakiaVel’ká IdaDevelopment Europe plant
ChinaTianjinDevelopment
MexicoAmericas plant
U.S.Auburn Hills
Development & sales office
BrazilSao Paulo
Development & sales office
FranceOrleans/ Bayonne
Electronics plant
TunisiaTunisElectronics plant
JapanTokyoDevelopment & sales office
GermanyIngolstadtADAS Competence Centre
2015
ALL CIRCUITS – Our Alliance Partner (MSL, BMS, TIS, AC)Industrial experts in EMS
Copyright IEE S.A. © All rights reserved
▪ Customer Program Engineering
▪ Electronics and Semiconductor Development
▪ Algorithmic and Embedded Software Development
▪ Development of Optical Systems
▪ Material Development
▪ Simulation-based Development / Virtual Engineering
▪ Customer Program Engineering
▪ Electronics and Semiconductor Development
▪ Algorithmic and Embedded Software Development
▪ Development of Optical Systems
▪ Material Development
▪ Simulation-based Development / Virtual Engineering
▪ Process & Production Engineering
IEE at a glance
5
Engineering & research teams
Key Technologies and Product PortfolioTechnology Principle Products
Force Sensing Resistor (FSR)
Uses variable resistance to detect pressure applied to a sensor cell
▪ Passenger Presence Detection (PPD) & Classification (OC)▪ Seat Belt Reminder (SBR)▪ Pedestrian Protection and Crash Sensing▪ Input Devices, Sports & Healthcare
Electromagne-tic Sensing
Communication between car seat antenna and child seat resonators
▪ Child Seat Presence and Orientation Detection (CPOD)
Electric Field Sensing
Evaluates change in electrical field to classify seat occupancy
▪ BodySenseTM
▪ Smart Opener (SO)▪ Hands off Detection (HOD) (ADAS)
Optical Sensing
Measures time-of-flight of modulated infrared light to provide topographic image
▪ People Counter▪ Tailgate Detector TDflex™▪ Volumetric Object Surveillor▪ ADAS
Interior Radar Uses radio technology to detect occupants
▪ Interior Motion Detector, VitaSense (low power)▪ ADAS
Foil Heaters (Seat, Panel)
Screen printed, heater layer optional with PTCPositive Temperature Coefficient
▪ Safe Heat, inherent safety due to T-self limiting ▪ Panel heaters for slim, near surface integration
Copyright IEE S.A. © All rights reserved 7
Simple, near surface integration▪ Fast temperature ramp up▪ Moderate heater surface
temperature ▪ Avoids local aging
of decor layer
BoM flexibilityTypical thickness range 75 to 140 µm
Protection
Heater layer
Bus bar layer
Polymer Foil
Fixation tape
Key properties & benefits of IEE heater
technologyHigh design flexibility, complex designs
Homogeneous heating of large and complex surfaces with only one heater circuit
Standard operation voltages:12V, 24V, 48V
Standard P/A: 500 to 1000 W/m2
Several kW/m2 possibleHigher voltages possible
Screen printing of versatile ink materials▪ Different functionalities, e.g. PTC inks▪ Electrical resistances▪ Cost efficiency
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Near surface integration enables fast T-ramp up▪ Benefit evaluation of near surface integration benchmark, wire vs. foil panel heater
▪ Wire integrated with 4mm foam lamination to avoid imprints on trim surface and local overheating
▪ For foil heater 0.5mm was sufficient
▪ Ramp up from -10°C
▪ Power per heater: 22W
Thermal images of arm rest décor surface
Higher local T for wire heater on décor (50 vs. 45°C), T stationary
Wire Foil
Integration benefit
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Surf
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tem
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Time [s]
Benchmark wire vs. foil heater in arm rest
Wire heaterPadding thickness: 4mmP = 22WTmax : 136°C
Foil HeaterPadding thickness: 0.5 mmP: 22 WTmax: 89°C
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Integration benefit
9 Copyright IEE S.A. © All rights reserved
Unique selling points of IEE’s heater technology
Main characteristics … leads to advantages … leads to savings (€) / benefits
Thin foil technology ✓ NTC (if requested) can be easily placed on the foil (small & flat)
✓ No, or less, additional development effort/ spending
✓ No, or less, investment in implementation process
Picture Source: IEE
SMD NTC sensor
Bus bars
Heater elements, can be printed w/ and w/o PTC functionality
Arm rest heater design printed on thin polyester film
10 Copyright IEE S.A. © All rights reserved
Main characteristics … leads to advantages … leads to savings (€) / benefits
Thin foil technology ✓ Heating function is added w/o change in armrest part design
✓ Same tools can be used for heated and non-heated version
✓ Less tooling costs✓ Fewer parts, less stock inventory✓ Less complex workflow in production ✓ circa 3% piece cost reduction
Picture Source: Yanfeng Automotive Interiors
Wire heater
Foil heater
Heated interior part Non-heated interior component version
Integration benefitUnique selling points of IEE’s heater technology
Basis for IEE SafeHeat product applications
Copyright IEE S.A. © All rights reserved 11
▪ Strong Positive Temperature Coefficient
▪ Good time to temperature at moderate heater surface temperature due to PTC characteristic
▪ Low resistance at cold temperatures leads to a high current flow, which drives the strong heating power
▪ Inherent temperature limitation due R(T).
▪ Self-regulating, no ECU required
▪ High cost efficiency
▪ Inherent safety, no overheating if controller fails
▪ No temperature fluctuations
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Temperature [°C]
PTC Resistance
Power @ U=13.5V
Current @ U=13.5V
Resistance, power, current evolution
P(T) = U2 / R(T) = U*I(T); U=R(T)*I
PTC ink technology
SafeHeat
Copyright IEE S.A. © All rights reserved 12
Product application: seat heater with PTC ink technology
Time to temperature performanceTest person: 85kgHeater P: 54 WP/A: 1000 W/m2
Starting T: -20°C
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Trim surface T~43°C
Time to temperature on seat surface
SafeHeat
13 Copyright IEE S.A. © All rights reserved
Product application: arm rest heater with PTC ink technology
▪ Applicable for e.g middle armrest and door panel arm rest
▪ Can be equipped with printed switches and/or Linpots from IEE
▪ Covered switches below cover material
▪ Foil-based heaters could be covered with several materials
Picture Source: IEE Picture Source: IEEPicture Source: Yanfeng
SafeHeat
14 Copyright IEE S.A. © All rights reserved
Picture Source: IEE
Product application: footmat heater
Heater integrated into footmat via lamination process
Interior heating
15 Copyright IEE S.A. © All rights reserved .
Vision: interior will become the ‘Heart of the Car’▪ Market development driven by the automotive industry’s mega trends:
▪ energy/CO2 saving requirements
▪ electrification (e-cars)
▪ autonomous driving assistant systems (ADAS)
▪ passenger cabin transfers to a living room
Motivation for development of panel heater for car interiors
▪ Heating energy is delivered by the power train of a car – combustion engines, or the batteries for e-cars
▪ Thus the efficiency of the heater system has a direct impact on emission values resp. km-range
▪ Potential to improve heating efficiency due to:
▪ integration close to the passenger
▪ efficient conversion of electrical energy to useful heating for the passenger
Energy efficieny & passenger comfort significantThe Mercedes-Benz F 015
Luxury in Motion research car
Interior heating
16 Copyright IEE S.A. © All rights reserved .
Background / Literature
▪ Infrared heating as an adjunct to achieve vehicle occupant thermal comfortCollins et al. Extreme Physiology & Medicine 2015, 4(Suppl 1):A82; http://www.extremephysiolmed.com/content/4/S1/A82
▪ Simulation and Measurement of an Energy Efficient Infrared Radiation Heating of a Full Electric Vehicle*Bäuml T., Dvorak D., Frohner A., Simic D., AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Giefinggasse 2, 1210 Vienna, Austria
▪ The Future of Automotive Research, Keynote lecture, CLEPA Strategic Workshop “Road Transport 2030 – European Suppliers scenarios”Aachen 6 April 2017 Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Lutz Eckstein, Institute for Automotive Engineering (ika), RWTH Aachen University
▪ Climatisation can cut the range of an electric vehicle by half.
▪ By a combination of measures and innovations, the energy demand for climatisation can be reduced by more than 50%
▪ Definition and validation of the comfort experience is decisive
▪ The comfort chart from (Bedford and Liese) shows a dependency on temperature of the wall to air temperature**
**
*T-distribution on a dummy and on a surface through the cabin. Heating: IR- and additional convective
Interior heating
17 Copyright IEE S.A. © All rights reserved .
Roadmap
What does a future energy-efficient car heating concept look like?
▪ Single system or combination of different technologies?
What is the thermal comfort / perception of the passenger?
Heater panels, complementary to HVAC systems
▪ Increased number ofsurfaces heated in passenger compartment
▪ Impact on thermal perception of passengers
▪ Smart control strategies for heater panel require specialised ECU
Panel heater as integral component of future novel HVAC systems
▪ Large portion of interior surface heated
▪ Significance of electrical heater panels to total heating power
▪ Control of panels by advanced HVAC control systems
HVAC, standard
Contact surface heating
▪ Seat
▪ Steering
▪ Armrest
Today Mid-term Long term
18 Copyright IEE S.A. © All rights reserved .
Interior heating
Project to evaluate the thermal comfort / benefits of panel heater
▪ Concept car: BMW 530d series with full option interior configuration
▪ Key criteria for car selection & set up
▪ Professional integration of panel heater
▪ Heaters respectively modifications not to be perceived by the test persons
▪ Fully equipped with state of the art heating / air conditioning technology
▪ Interior with leather trim
▪ Targeted investigations
▪ Thermal comfort studies with test persons in real car environment
▪ Thermal perception & perception latency
▪ What is perceived as comfort, heated regions, temperatures & temperature gradients,….
▪ Determine energy consumption required for individual thermal comfort
▪ Draw energy balance for different operation modi
▪ Pure panel heating vs pure HVAC▪ Combined with car HVAC system
IEE R&D on thermal comfort / Experimental
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▪ Heater performance / operating specifications
▪ power density▪ target temperatures▪ heat-up time▪ …
▪ Optimized layout of heater mat
▪ electrical power consumption▪ heat flux @ contact area▪ radiant heat flux distribution▪ …
▪ Thermal comfort evaluation
▪ HVAC vs. panel heating▪ …
▪ Mechanical robustness▪ …
Copyright IEE S.A. © All rights reserved
Interior heating
ANSYS-Fluent Multi-Physics Modelling
IEE R&D on thermal comfort / Modelling Topics
Picture source: IEE, WBi - Basics & Mathematical Models
Picture source: IEE, WBi - Basics & Mathematical Models
20 Copyright IEE S.A. © All rights reserved
Interior heatingIEE Thermal Concept-Car
door panel
door arm rest
centre arm rest
footwell
footmat
sun visor
ceiling
U = 0 V U = 24 V
Picture source: IEE, WBi - Basics & Mathematical Models
21 Copyright IEE S.A. © All rights reserved
Thermal images of heated concept car interior
Interior heating
▪ Panel heater integrated near to décor surface
▪ No impact on haptic
▪ Highly homogeneous T-distribution
▪ Large heat radiating surface
▪ Spontaneous heat perception due to IR-radiation
▪ Additional convection heating
▪ Dashboard heater
▪ Heat perception through IR-reflection at windscreen
▪ Overall good themal perception
▪ High potential for efficient future heating systems
Picture Source: IEE
Copyright IEE S.A. © All rights reserved 22
Interior heatingConcept car heating tests Good and fast thermal perception▪ Total number of integrated heaters: 17
▪ Maximum possible electrical power of all heaters: 2,0 kW
▪ Heater designed with power density in the range of 500 to 1400 W/m2
▪ Ambient temperature: 6°C
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Evolution of total heating power
Total Power
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Time to temperature of different panel heatersCeiling Rear
Ceiling Front
Sunvisor Pass
Sunvisor Driv
Footmat Pass
Dashboard Pass
Footmat Driv
Dashboard Driv
MA Pass
MA Driv
Arm P
Door P
Arm D
Door D
Summary
23 Copyright IEE S.A. © All rights reserved
IEE heater technology = cost efficient, comfortable & safe heat
IEE thin foil technology for heating applications
✓ Screen printing technology enables high design & material flexibility
▪ Complex heater designs with only one heating circuit
✓ Panel heaters for interior car cabin heating
▪ Homogeneous temperature distribution at moderate heater temperatures
▪ Efficient heating due to near surface integration
▪ Heating through IR-radiation and convection
▪ Spontaneous heat perception due to IR-radiation
▪ High potential to be part of novel, energy efficient heating concepts
▪ IEE has a focus on panel heater R&D
▪ Concept car for thermal perception tests
✓ «Fail-safe» technology based on PTC ink technology
▪ Focus on safety, no overheating due inherent self-limiting heater circuits
▪ No ECU, NTC required, potential cost advantage
Contact us
24 Copyright IEE S.A. © All rights reserved
Thank you for your attention!If you need more information, please do not hesitate to contact us:
IEE S.A.
ZAE Weiergewan
11, rue Edmond Reuter
L-5326 Contern
Phone: + 352 2454-1
Fax: + 352 2454-3200
E-mail: [email protected]
Website: www.iee.lu
Dr. Alain Schumacher
Senior Department Manager
Material Development / Innovation
Phone: +352 2454 2273