iea bioenergy task 42 biorefinery 6th task meeting ... · iea bioenergy, task 42 biorefinery, 6th...

IEA BIOENERGY, Task 42 Biorefinery, 6th Task Meeting, Frankfurt, Germany, 15/17 September 2009

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IEA BIOENERGYIEA BIOENERGYTask 42 Task 42 BiorefineryBiorefinery6th Task Meeting6th Task Meeting

Frankfurt, Germany, 15/17 Frankfurt, Germany, 15/17 septemberseptember 20092009

Isabella De BariIsabella De BariENEA CR TRISAIAENEA CR TRISAIA

ITALYITALY


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ENEAENEA’’S RESEARCH CENTERSS RESEARCH CENTERS

Biomass gasificationand bioethanol production

through SE

Biological

production

of H2; microalgae

Anaerbic digestion of wastes


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ENEA’s activities onBIO-refinery

ENEA’s activities onBIO-refinery

•Biomass conversion in liquid fuel (ethanol) by STEAM-EXPLOSION

pre-treatment, enzymatic hydrolysis and

fermentation

•Fractionation of steam treated biomass incellulose, hemicellulose

and lignin to obtain products of industrial

interest

Development of innovative plant technologies and implementation of effective process configurations:

• Fixed bed reactor• Steam gasification in fluidised bed reactor

•Gasification with oxygen to obtain hydrogen rich gas

Production of gaseous fuels by means

of GASIFICATIONBiodieselBioethanol

�Conversionof waste oils;

�Conversionof glycerol(e.g. through anaerobicdigestion);

�Production of microalgaefor biodiesel

Biologicalproduction of H2 troughdark and light fermentation


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Scrubber + filters

GAS CLEANING SYSTEMS

Ceramic Filters

scrubber

IC Engine

Gas Turbine

End UseEnd Use

Fuel Cell

Gas Turbine

END USEEND USE

Fuel Cell

Fluidized bed gasifier(Joule)

500 kWt

1000 kWth

80 kWt

Fixed Bed

PRODUCT GAS

BIOMASS

PRODUCT GASPRODUCT GAS

AIR

THERMOCOUPLE

NOZZLE

REFRACTORY

WALL

COMBUSTION

REDUCTION

ZONE

CYLINDRICAL

CHAMBER

Fluidized bed gasifier(Hydrosyn)

GASIFIERS

Fluidized bed gasifier(Joule)

500 kWt

1000 kWth

80 kWt

Fixed Bed

PRODUCT GAS

BIOMASS

PRODUCT GASPRODUCT GAS

AIR

THERMOCOUPLE

NOZZLE

REFRACTORY

WALL

COMBUSTION

REDUCTION

ZONE

CYLINDRICAL

CHAMBER

Fluidized bed (Hydrosyn)


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P R O D U C T G A S

B IO M A S S

P R O D U C T G AS P R O D U C T G A S

A IR

T H E R M O C O U P L E

N O Z Z L E

R E F R A C T O R YW A L L

C O M B U S T IO NR E D U C T I O NZ O N E

C Y L IN D R I C A LC H A M B E R

ChinaChinaTrisaiaTrisaia

GasifierGasifier

CyclonesCyclonesVenturiVenturiScrubberScrubber

DemisterDemister

Sawdust Sawdust FilterFilter

GasifierGasifier

CyclonesCyclonesVenturiVenturiScrubberScrubber

DemisterDemister

Sawdust Sawdust FilterFilter

Downstream Gas Cleaning via Physical Methods:

Cyclones & Scrubber.

Downstream Gas Cleaning via Physical Downstream Gas Cleaning via Physical Methods: Methods:

Cyclones & Scrubber.Cyclones & Scrubber.

Operating Conditions

� Feeding: 50-100 kg

� Moisture: 10-20%

� Air Flow: 11-13 Nm3/hProduct Gas Composition

� H2 : 10÷16%

� O2: 1÷ 2%

� N2: 40÷54%

� CH4: 1÷3%

� CO: 15÷25%

� Other (CO2, H2O): 15÷20%

OperatingOperating ConditionsConditions

�� FeedingFeeding: 50: 50--100 kg100 kg

�� MoistureMoisture: 10: 10--20%20%

�� Air Flow: 11Air Flow: 11--13 Nm3/h13 Nm3/hProductProduct Gas Gas CompositionComposition

�� H2 : 10H2 : 10÷÷16%16%

�� O2: 1O2: 1÷÷ 2%2%

�� N2: 40N2: 40÷÷54%54%

�� CH4: 1CH4: 1÷÷3%3%

�� CO: 15CO: 15÷÷25%25%

�� OtherOther (CO2, H2O): 15(CO2, H2O): 15÷÷20%20%

Power Production - Smal Scale Plant

� Gasifier: DownDraft Fixed Bed

� Biomass: Lignocellulosic Residues (oak, olive, almond shells, etc)

� Gasification Agent: air

� Coupled to an Internal Combustion Engine

� Eletrical Power: 30 kWe

� LHV: 1100-1200 kcal/Nmc

Power Production Power Production -- SmalSmal Scale PlantScale Plant

�� Gasifier: Gasifier: DownDraftDownDraft Fixed BedFixed Bed

�� Biomass: Lignocellulosic Residues (oak, olive, almond shells, eBiomass: Lignocellulosic Residues (oak, olive, almond shells, etc)tc)

�� Gasification Agent: airGasification Agent: air

�� Coupled to an Internal Combustion EngineCoupled to an Internal Combustion Engine

�� EletricalEletrical Power: 30 Power: 30 kWekWe

�� LHV: 1100LHV: 1100--1200 kcal/1200 kcal/NmcNmc

The downdraft fixed bed The downdraft fixed bed gasifiersgasifiers


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TrisaiaTrisaia

ChinaChina

The 1MWth Bubbling Fluidised Bed Reactor: the ‘China’ ProjectThe 1MWThe 1MWthth Bubbling Bubbling FluidisedFluidised Bed Reactor: the Bed Reactor: the ‘‘ChinaChina’’ ProjectProject

Characteristics� Feedstock: wood chips, Rice husks;� Moisture: 10-20 %� Feeding: 280 Kg/h� Gasification medium: Air� Flow rate: 500 Nm3/h� Operating Pressure: 1.0 bar� End Use: IC Engine� Electric Power: 160 kWe.

Producer Gas� CO: 15-19 % vol H2: 5-10 % vol� CO2: 16-18 % vol CH4: 1.5-7 % vol� C2H6: 0-0.5 % vol

CharacteristicsCharacteristics�� Feedstock: wood chips, Rice husks;Feedstock: wood chips, Rice husks;�� Moisture: 10Moisture: 10--20 %20 %�� Feeding: 280 Kg/hFeeding: 280 Kg/h�� Gasification medium: AirGasification medium: Air�� Flow rate: 500 NmFlow rate: 500 Nm33/h/h�� Operating Pressure: 1.0 barOperating Pressure: 1.0 bar�� End Use: IC EngineEnd Use: IC Engine�� Electric Power: 160 Electric Power: 160 kWekWe..

Producer GasProducer Gas� CO: 15CO: 15--19 % 19 % volvol H2: 5H2: 5--10 % 10 % volvol�� CO2: 16CO2: 16--18 % 18 % volvol CH4: 1.5CH4: 1.5--7 % 7 % volvol�� C2H6: 0C2H6: 0--0.5 % 0.5 % volvol

Gasifier developed in collaboration with University of L’Aquila.Gasifier developed in collaboration with University of L’Aquila.

From ‘China’ Project to ‘Hydrosyn’Objective: Development of a low environmental impac t Technology for gasouses fuel production ( H2-Rich)Main Changes Design: Air →→→→ O2/Steam; Compact Design.Final Goal: H2 →→→→ 30-40 %

From ‘China’ Project to ‘Hydrosyn’Objective: Development of a low environmental impac t Technology for gasouses fuel production ( H2-Rich)Main Changes Design: Air →→→→ O2/Steam; Compact Design.Final Goal: H2 →→→→ 30-40 %


CR TrisaiaThe Circulating Fluidised Bed Reactor (the ‘Joule’ Project)The Circulating Fluidised Bed Reactor (the The Circulating Fluidised Bed Reactor (the ‘‘JouleJoule’’ Project)Project)

TrisaiaTrisaia

Gasification plant developed in collaboration with: Vienna University of Technology, University of L’Aquila, UniversitéLouis Pasteur and Pall Filtersystem.Gasification plant developed in collaboration with: Vienna University of Technology, University of L’Aquila, UniversitéLouis Pasteur and Pall Filtersystem.

Main Objective of the ‘Joule’ Project Development of a Gasification Technology for H2-Rich Gas via Biomass Steam Gasification

Main Objective of the ‘Joule’ Project Development of a Gasification Technology for H2-Rich Gas via Biomass Steam Gasification

H2 Production� Gasifier: Fast Internally Circulating Fluidised Bed (FICFB)� Biomass: Lignocellulosic Residues (Almod Shell, Staw, Wood Chips)� Moisture: 10 – 20 %� Feeding: 120 Kg/h� Gasification Agent: Steam� Thermal Power: 550 kWth� LHV= 10 – 12 MJ/Nm3

� Max Gas Flow: 350 Nm3/h� Coupling to a Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (125 Kwe).

H2 Production� Gasifier: Fast Internally Circulating Fluidised Bed (FICFB)� Biomass: Lignocellulosic Residues (Almod Shell, Staw, Wood Chips)� Moisture: 10 – 20 %� Feeding: 120 Kg/h� Gasification Agent: Steam� Thermal Power: 550 kWth� LHV= 10 – 12 MJ/Nm3

� Max Gas Flow: 350 Nm3/h� Coupling to a Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (125 Kwe).

25.7CO2

% volGas

38.2H2

21.9CO

9.6CH4

< 1P [bar]

830T [°C]

Gasifier Exit


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storage tank used fortransport

refrigerator

UASBVolume 200L

Instruments forgas composition

gasmeter

AnerobicAnerobic digestiondigestion of of wasteswastes


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steamsteam explosionexplosion pilot pilot reactorreactor

Steam explosion batch


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50 L

10 L

BioConversion ProcessesBioConversionBioConversion ProcessesProcesses

500 mL


CR TrisaiaItaly Italy –– NATIONAL ENERGY DEMANDNATIONAL ENERGY DEMAND

Population ~ 58 ML = 1 % of worldTotal energy demand: 195,6 Mtoe ~ 2 % of worldCO2 emissions (2003) : 467 Mt/a = 2% of the world emission

and 14% of the European emissions

13,9 9,8

84,8

69,7

17,4

0102030405060708090

solid fuel(coal)

natural gas Petroleum Renewable(biomass is

30% )

Electricenergy

(importedamount)

7,1% 5%8,9%

35,6%

43,3%

Ministry of the economical development-2006

•The energetic supply is still based on fossil fuels and on foreign imports•Contribution of renewables is modest compared with t he energetic consumptions

Mtoe


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Italian Position Paper September 2007 (Electricity)Italian Position Paper September 2007 (Electricity)


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Italian Position Paper September 2007 Italian Position Paper September 2007 ((HeatingHeating, , coolingcooling biofuels) biofuels)

Biomass covers 81% of the thermal energy production from renewables

Second generation biofuels from lignocellulosic residues could be an alternative option.


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WhichWhich biomassbiomass forfor biorefinerybiorefinery in in ItalyItaly??

ENERGY CROPS (IN SETENERGY CROPS (IN SET--ASIDE OR ABANDONED LANDS):ASIDE OR ABANDONED LANDS):In Italy the setIn Italy the set --aside lands are 400.000 ha;aside lands are 400.000 ha;The lands previously cultivated with sugar beet are 120.000 haThe lands previously cultivated with sugar beet are 120.000 ha

short rotation coppice (SRC)short rotation coppice (SRC) (poplar) (poplar) ��In Italy In Italy 4000 ha4000 ha are already planted mostly in the northern are already planted mostly in the northern area because they require area because they require wet /irrigated landswet /irrigated lands

��((R&D on Fiber Sorghum, R&D on Fiber Sorghum, MiscantusMiscantus, giant reed, and , giant reed, and switchgrassswitchgrass ))

��OilcropsOilcrops In Italy in 2006 ONLY 16% of the biodiesel produced (In Italy in 2006 ONLY 16% of the biodiesel produced (70kt70kt) came from ) came from local crops of sunflower local crops of sunflower ((R&D on crops having high yields and high resistance to arid/semiR&D on crops having high yields and high resistance to arid/semiarid climates. arid climates. JatrophaJatropha curcascurcas for biodiesel production: oil yield: 1.6 t oil/hafor biodiesel production: oil yield: 1.6 t oil/ha))

��alcoholigenalcoholigen cropscrops.. In Italy in 2006 ONLY In Italy in 2006 ONLY 100 100 ktkt of ethanol were produced of ethanol were produced mainly from the distillation of the winery residues. mainly from the distillation of the winery residues. ((R&D on some varieties of sweet sorghum requiring low inputs and R&D on some varieties of sweet sorghum requiring low inputs and that can yield~ that can yield~ 35 t/ha DM, ethanol yield 5.6 t/ha35 t/ha DM, ethanol yield 5.6 t/ha))


CR TrisaiaRAW MATERIAL FROM RESIDUAL BIOMASSRAW MATERIAL FROM RESIDUAL BIOMASS

Residual straw: Italian distribution (t/y)

1.3201.320

Olive Olive huskhusk(s), (s), dregsdregs of of pressedpressedgrapesgrapes((ktkt))

2.1802.1804.9064.90615.71115.711

ForestForestwoodwood ((ktkt))

PrunningsPrunnings((ktkt) )

StrawStraw ((ktkt))

http://www.enea.it/enea_paese/sistema_elettrico/Cen simento_biomasse/


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IndustrialIndustrial Production of Production of biodieselbiodiesel in in ItalyItaly

1

Novaol(livorno)

Oxem(Pavia)

Oil BVarese

Comlubebrescia

Ital Green Oil Verona

Ceral DocksVicenza

Caffaro

SabeMonfalcone

DP LubrificantiAprilia

Fox PetroliVasto

Italbioil(Monopoli)

New plants

Production capacity:

2007: 1.050.000 tons2008 : 1.550.000 tons

Productions2007: 400.000 tons2008: 595.000 tons

The market of biodiesel oscillates on the base of the the defiscalizationprogramms

Mythen(Ferrandina)


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PotentialPotential market market forfor biofuelsbiofuels in the in the ItalianItalian transportationtransportation sectorsector

0,0

3,8

1,9

3,1 1,1

2,7

5,4

0,0 1,0 2,0 3,0 4,0 5,0 6,0

Only b

ioEtO

H

Only B

iodi es

el

50%

Biodie

sel /5

0% B

ioEtO

H

80%

Biod

iesel/2

0%Bio

EtOH

Mt

Biodiesel BioEtOH2020 (substitution of 10%)

In Italy in 2006 ONLY In Italy in 2006 ONLY 100 100 ktkt of of bioethanolbioethanol were produced mainly from the distillation of were produced mainly from the distillation of the winery residuesthe winery residues


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Production of first and Production of first and secondsecond generation generation bioethanol bioethanol byby Mossi&GhisolfiMossi&Ghisolfi ((TortonaTortona--ALAL))

M&G is the World’s largest producer of PET for packaging applications with head office in Tortona (Italy). It is third largestproducer of cellulose acetate for plastic end-use

M&G-Chemtex Strategy:

2009-10 - Corn-to-Ethanol plant in Tortona (Northern Ital y ):200 kT/y (67 MGY);

2010-14 - Ligno-cellulosic to ethanol:demonstration unit of 15÷20 kT/y (5÷6 MGY) (Italian fundsfrom the Program Industria 2015)

The ambitious targets: biomass yield DM of 50 t/ha with low input of nitrogen and water


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GhisolfiGhisolfi--ChemtexChemtex projectsprojectsSecond generation BIOethanol process: Demonstration scale for the step of LIgnocellulosic hYdrolysis and FermentationProposal acronym: BIOLYFEType of funding scheme: Large-scale integrating Collaborative Project

Work programme topics addressed: ENERGY.2008.3.2.2

GermanyWIP9 WIP

GermanyInstitute for Energy and Environmental Research8 IFEU

ItalyAGRICONSULTING S.p.A.7 AGRI

DenmarkINBICON A/S6 INB

SwedenGENERAL MOTORS5 GM

SwedenLUNDS Universitet4 ULUND

ItalyItalian National Agency for new technology, Energy and Environment (ENEA)

3 ENEA

DenmarkNOVOZYMES A/S2 NZ

ItalyCHEMTEX Italia srl1 CTXI (Coordinator)

CountryParticipant organisation nameParticipant no.


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NOVAMONTNOVAMONT--TERNITERNILeader in the European

bioplastics industry

Mater-Bi, the trademark, is a

starch-based biodegrade

material.

Investments of 31 M€ were

made.

The plastics bags can be

composted and returned to the

soil once the product’s lifecycle

is completed.

The process :destructuration of the starch proteins, amorphous amylase an d amylopectine, which are then complexed with polyester thro ugh hydrogen bonding.


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Eni SpA-Gela Refinery (Sicily)

biofixation of CO2 bymeans of micro algaeDischarge waters are used.

small scale pilot plantmade up of photobioreactors and open pools isoperating.

In 2008 a pilot plantwas built extendedover one hectare

Why Gela?�Good levels of irradiation (latitude 37°)�Availability of concentrated CO2 (refiningplants)�Availability of water (N-rich industrial water and sea water)�Availability of exposed areas�Low cost thermal energy


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Thanks for attention

Dr. Isabella DE BARIENEA: Renewable Energy Division

[email protected] +39 835-974313

iea bioenergy task 42 biorefinery 6th task meeting ... · iea bioenergy, task 42 biorefinery, 6th...

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