iea bioenergy task 42 biorefineries · the new biomass value chain: ... biofuels by co-production...

IEA Task 42 Biorefineries: Co-production of Fuels, Chemicals, Power and Materials from Biomass.

Biorefinery: the sustainable processing of biomass into

a spectrum of marketable products and energy

IEA Bioenergy Task 42 Biorefineries Dublin 25th March 2009

Sponsored by

IEA Task 42 Biorefineries workshop. Crowne Plaza, Dublin 25th March 2009.

Registration and refreshments 09:00-10:00

Morning Session

Pearse Buckley Welcome on behalf of SEI 10:00-10:05 Ed de Jong IEA Bioenergy Task 42 10:05 – 10:30 Gerfried Jungmeier Biorefinery Status Austria 10:30 – 10:45 Maria Wellisch/ Kirsty Piquette Biorefinery Status Canada 10:45 – 11:00 Henning Jorgensen Biorefinery Status Denmark 11:00 – 11:15 Coffee/tea 11:15-11:30 Graeme Bullock Biorefinery Status Australia 11:30 – 11:45 Thomas Willke Biorefinery Status Germany 11:45– 12:00 René van Ree Biorefinery Status Netherlands 12:00 – 12:15 TBA Biorefinery Status France 12:15 – 12:30 Discussion 12:30 – 13:00

Irish Stakeholder Presentations

Welcome Address Professor J. Owen Lewis CEO Sustainable Energy Ireland (SEI) 1400 Joseph McEniry Teagasc Title: Green Grass - Developing grass for sustainable renewable energy 1405

generation and value-added products Sinead O Keeffe Teagasc Walsh Fellow Title: Green biorefinery –scoping study for Ireland 1425 Maria Tuohy NUIG Working Title: Developments in R&D at the Energy Research Centre NUIG 1445 Tea/Coffee 1500 Carbolea UL Daniel Hayes Prof. Michael Hayes 1530 Title: Work on Biorefining by the Carbolea Research Group, University of Limerick Dr Haibo Xie DCU 1550 Title: Sustainable Ionic Liquids Based Biorefinery George O’Malley Biorefinery Ireland Initiatives 1610 JP Prendergast Sustainable BioPolymers Ltd. Title: Bioenergy/Biorefining Initiative in the West of Ireland 1620 Discussion/networking 1630

Task 42

Biorefineries:Co-production of Fuels, Chemicals, Power and Materials from Biomass

Ed de Jong

The biobased economy

Closing the loop:No waste & CO2 - neutral.

Drivers:

• Kyoto• Security of supply• Agricultural

policies• Sustainability• Economics

The New Biomass value chain: a new € - game

€

€

€

Food

Biomass production

1st Agro logistics Food pretreatment Food productionFoodconversion

Existingnon- food:• Feed• Additives• Compost• Fibres• Waste

management.

Biomass sourcesAgro-food

productionBy products & waste

Logistics&storageNL productionImports

Existing conversion Existing production

BiobasedProducts• Biobased

materials• Bio-based

chemicals• Bio-fuels• Bio-energy

New productionPerformance materialsBase&platform chemicalsPerformance chemicalsBio Energy

New Pre-treatment & conversion

physical&chemical conversion

process engineering

bioconversion

A&F, Wageningen UR

Facilitating commercialisation and market deployment of environmentally sound, sustainable and cost-competitive bioenergy technologies………

IEA Bioenergy……..• Set up in 1978 by the International Energy Agency

• Provides an international forum for sharing information and developing best practice on– Technology development– Non-technical barriers and issues– Regulatory and legislative issues

• Produces authoritative scientific and technical information on key strategic issues affecting deployment

• One of two Implementing Agreements with major relevance for Biofuels (the other IEA-AMF (Advanced Motor Fuels))

• Annual budget 1.7 M US-$ (2007)

Vision and MissionVision:

To accelerate the use of environmentally sound and cost-competitive bioenergy on a sustainable basis, to provide increased security of supply and a substantial contribution to future energy demands.

Mission: To facilitate commercialisation and market deployment of environmentally sound, sustainable and cost-competitive bioenergy technologies.

StrategyTo provide platforms for international collaboration and information exchange in bioenergy research, development and demonstration. This includes:

• the development of networks, • dissemination of information, • involvement of industry and • encouragement of membership by countries with a

strong bioenergy infrastructure

Agreement Activities

Executive Committee• Bi-annual ExCo meetings/management of the IA • ExCo Workshops• Annual report, newsletters, website• Strategic Position Papers• Technical Coordinator (new initiative)

Tasks• Coordination of national RD&D programmes,

information exchange and joint projects• Task meetings, study tours and workshops• Publications, reports, newsletters, websites• Networking with industrial and other stakeholders

22 Contracting Parties

• Australia• Austria• Belgium• Brazil• Canada• Croatia• Denmark• European

Commission• Finland• France• Germany

• Ireland• Italy• Japan• Netherlands• New Zealand• Norway• South Africa• Sweden• Switzerland• United Kingdom• United States

Tasks

• FeedstockForest and agricultural products, MSW and recovered fuels

• ConversionCombustion, gasification, pyrolysis, anaerobic digestion, fermentation, biorefineries

• Integrating Research IssuesGHG balances, socioeconomic drivers, international trade, systems analysis

Task 42: Biorefineries

Focus on:Biorefinery as a facility that optimises the integrated production of materials, fuels, energy and chemicals and so maximises the value derived from the biomass feedstock.

Aims to:Assess the worldwide position and potential of biorefineries.

Gather new insights of the possibilities for the simultaneous manufacture of transportation fuels, added value chemicals, heat, power and materials.

IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries

Task 30SRC

Task 31Sustainable

forestry

Task 40Sustainable international

biomass trade

Task 32Biomass cofiring

Task 33Thermal

gasification of biomass

Task 34Pyrolysis

of biomass

Task 29Socio-

economic drivers

Task 38Greenhouse

gas balances

Task 41System analysis

Biorefineries Task 42

national RD&D

programmes

international RD&D

programmes

EU TechnologyPlatforms

Task 39Liquid fuels

from biomass

Task 37Biogas

Position Task within IEA Bioenergy

Interlinkages with other IEA Tasks, international and national initiatives(2)

Task no. Biorefinery-related interests30 SRC as raw materials for biorefineries

40 Trading of raw biomass versus intermediates or final products

31 Sustainable forestry products as raw materials for biorefineries

32 Upstream refinery of raw materials for power production optimising economics and/or conversion behaviour

33 a) See 32 and b) BioSyngas production and downstream applications – thermochemical refinery

34 a) Advance state-of-the-art fast pyrolysis processes and b) biorefinery activities Thermalnet – thermochemical refinery

39 Optimising economics conventional and advanced biofuels by co-production added-value products

Interlinkages with other IEA Tasks, international and national initiatives (3)

Task no. Biorefinery-related interests29 Socio-economic impacts biorefineries at local, regional and

international level38 Analysis greenhouse gas reduction potential of biorefineries

41 Integral technical, economic and environmental chain analysis biorefineries

International RD&D

programmes

EU: IPs, NoEs, STREPs, CAs, …

European Technology Platforms

Biorefinery-related data should be integrated in Vision documents and SRA for 7th FWP

National RD&D

programmes

Overview national biorefinery initiatives both RD&D, implementation and running initiatives

Task Structure

Sources

Process

Product

Overview

Task 31

Sustainable Forestry

Task 30

Short Rotation

Crops

Task36

MSW

Task 37

LFG/AD

Task 34 Pyrolysis

Task 32 Combustion

and Cofiring

Task 33 Gasification

Task 39

Liquid fuels

Task 29 Socioeconomic Drivers

Task 38 GHG Balances

Task 41 System Analysis

Task 40 Sustainable Trade

Task 42

Biorefineries

Sources

Process

Product

Overview

Task 31


Task 31


Task 30

Short Rotation

Crops

Task 30

Short Rotation

Crops

Task36

MSW

Task36

MSW

Task 37

LFG/AD

Task 37

LFG/AD

Task 34 PyrolysisTask 34

PyrolysisTask 32

Combustion and

Cofiring

Task 32 Combustion

and Cofiring



Task 39

Liquid fuels

Task 39

Liquid fuels

Task 29 Socioeconomic DriversTask 29 Socioeconomic Drivers

Task 38 GHG BalancesTask 38 GHG Balances

Task 41 System AnalysisTask 41 System Analysis

Task 40 Sustainable TradeTask 40 Sustainable Trade

Task 42

Biorefineries

Task 42

Biorefineries

• 13 active Tasks

16

Partners Task 42

Founding members:

Austria, Canada, Denmark, EU, France, Germany, Ireland, the Netherlands

New Members:

Australia, Italy

Task 42: Key Activities and Achievements

• Development of a common definition for biorefineries.

• Development of a common classification system for biorefineries.

• Country reports on current processing potential and mapping of existing plants.

• Identification of biorefinery related RD&D programmes in participant countries.

• Annual biorefinery seminar for stakeholders.

• Linking of ongoing international activities through joint events and new initiatives

Task 42 Definition on Biorefineries:

Biorefinery: the sustainable processing of biomass into a spectrum of marketable products and energy

• Biorefinery: concepts, facilities, plants, processes, clusters of industries

• Sustainable: maximizing economics, - social aspects, minimizing environmental impacts, fossil fuel replacement, closed cycles

• Processing: upstream processing, transformation, fractionation, thermo-chemical and biochemical conversion, extraction, separation, downstream processing

• Biomass: wood & agricultural crops, organic residues, forest residues, aquatic biomass

• Spectrum: multiple energic and non-energic outlets

• Marketable: Present and forecasted (volume and prices)

• Products: both intermediates and final products (i.e. food, feed, materials, chemicals, fuels, power, heat)

19

Biorefinery

20

Network on which the biorefinery system classification method is based

Rationale biorefinery system classification method The classification approach consists on four main features:

Feedstocks:• energy crops from agriculture (e.g. starch crops, short rotation forestry)• biomass residues from agriculture, forestry, trade and industry

conversion processes

Conversion Processes:• biochemical (e.g. fermentation, enzymatic conversion) • thermo-chemical (e.g. gasification, pyrolysis) • chemical (e.g. acid hydrolysis, synthesis, esterification) • mechanical processes (e.g. fractionation, pressing, size reduction)

Platforms:• (e.g. C5/C6 sugars, syngas, biogas)

Energy/products:• energy (e.g. bioethanol, biodiesel, synthetic biofuels) • products (e.g. chemicals, materials, food and feed)

Biorefinery

Brochure

Status March 2009

1) Website: www.IEA-Bioenergy.Task42-Biorefineries.com

2) Classification of Biorefineries

3) Country reports on Biorefineries

4) Leaflet

5) Brochure with examples of biorefineries

http://www.iea-bioenergy.task42-biorefineries.com/http://www.iea-bioenergy.task42-biorefineries.com/

24

Thank you for your attention

Further information:

Ed de Jong ([email protected])Rene van Ree ([email protected])

mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]

Biorefinery Status Austria

Gerfried Jungmeier, Michael Mandl and Francesco Cherubini

National Irish Stakeholder meetingDublin, IrelnadMarch 25, 2009

Die Teilnahme an den Tasks in IEA Bioenergy wird finanziert vomBundesministerium für Verkehr, Innovation und Technologie / Abteilung für Energie- und Umwelttechnologien.

European Goals for 2020

4 20% Greenhouse gas reduction

4 20% Energy efficiency increase

4 20% Renewable Energy with 10% renewable transportation fuels in transportation sector

4 35% Greenhouse gas reduction of transportation biofuels compared to fossil fuels (status of December 2008) increasing via 50% to 60% (2017)

European Renewable Energy Directive (Status Dec. 2008)

European Roadmap for Biofuels

Source: Biofuels in the European Union – A vision for 2030 and beyond, Final report of the Biofuels Research Advisory Council, June 2006

Vision 2030: 25% Biofuels

BiorefineryWith Transportation Biofuel Orientation

BiomassResources- oil- starch- sugar- lignocellulose- ….

Energy

liquid/gaseous transportation fuelselectricityheatsolid fuels

Materials

bulk chemicalsfine chemicalsanimal feedmaterialsfertilizer……

Based on different conversionprocesses- Bio-chemical- Thermo-chemical- Physical-chemical- Others

Biorefinery

Outline

Classification of Biorefinery Systems

DevelopmentSyngas-platform

Green Biorefinery

Wood Biorefineries

LCA of Biorefineries

The 4 Features toCharacterise A Biorefinery Systems

1. Platforms 2. Products

3. Feedstocks 4. Processes

Biorefinery

Feature 1:The Possible Platforms of a Biorefinery

Platforms might be

intermediates from raw materials towards biorefinery´s productslinkages between different biorefinery conceptsalready final product of a biorefinery

BiorefineryPlatforms

C5 sugars

organic solutions oils

biogas

syngas

hydrogen

C6 sugars

pyrolyticliquids

lignin

Feature 2:Products for Energy & Material Markets

Products ofBiorefinery Systems

Material products (1st selection)- Food- Animal Feed- Fertilizer (minerals)- Glycerine- Biomaterials (e.g. fiber products) - Chemicals and polymers- Organic acids and polymers

Energy products (1st selection)- Biodiesel- Bioethanol- Biomethan (e.g. SNG)- Synthetic biofuels Fuels (e.g. FT-Diesel)- Hydrogen

- Electricity and heat

Comment: choice of energy or material product also depending on addressed markets

IEA Bioenergy

Feature 3:Possible Feedstocks of a Biorefinery

Dedicated crops Residues

Trade/industry/householdsAgriculture Aquaculture Forestry


Feature 3:Possible Feedstocks of A Biorefinery

Trade/industry/householdsAgriculture Aquaculture Forestry

Lignocellulosic residuesOil based residuesOrganic residues & others

Oil cropsSugar cropsStarch cropsLignocellulosic cropsGrasses


Feature 3:Possible Feedstocks of A Biorefinery

Feature 4:The Possible Processes of a Biorefinery

Chemical processesCatalytic processesChemical reactionsEsterificationHydrogenationHydrolysisMethanisationSteam reformingWater electrolysisWater gas shift

Processes

Mechanical/physical processesExtractionFiber separationMechanical fractionationPressingPretreatmentSeparation Supercritical processesUpgrading

Bio-chemical processesFermentation Anaerobic digestion

Thermo-chemical processesCombustionGasificationPyrolysisHydrothermal upgrading (HTU)

Example:Description of a Biorefinery System

Generic System

Example:Description of a Biorefinery System

Generic System Example

Grain Straw

Biogas

Platform Mechanical/Physical process

Chemical process

Biochemical processes

Thermochemical process

UpgradingSteam

reforming

Pressing/desruption

Estherification

Link among biorefinery pathways

Pretreatment

Combustion

Fiber separation

Fractionation and/or pressing

Chemical reaction

Methanisation

Fiber separation

Oil

C6 sugars

Water gas shift

Straw

H2

Hydrogenation / Upgrading

Extraction

Fermentation

Water electrolysis

Gasification

Separation

Syngas

Separation

Hydrolysis

Pyrolysis, HTU

Organic residues and others

Grasses Sugar cropsStarch crops

Lignocellulosic crops

Lignocellulosic residues Oil crops

Oil based residues

Biomethane

BiodieselElectricity and heatFertilizer Glycerine

Chemicals & polymers

Feedstock

Material products

Legend

Energy products

Synthetic biofuels (FT, DME…)

Anaerobic digestion

Organic solution

Food

Bioethanol

Organic acids & extracts

Lignin

Upgrading

Pyrolytic liquid

Algae

Biomaterials

C5 sugars

Bio-H2

Chemical reaction

Animal feed

Chemical reaction

1. Bioethanol fromstarch

Grain Straw

Biogas


Chemical process



UpgradingSteam

reforming

Pressing/desruption

Estherification


Pretreatment

Combustion

Fiber separation


Chemical reaction

Methanisation

Fiber separation

Oil

C6 sugars

Water gas shift

Straw

H2


Extraction

Fermentation

Water electrolysis

Gasification

Separation

Syngas

Separation

Hydrolysis

Pyrolysis, HTU





Oil based residues

Biomethane



Feedstock

Material products

Legend

Energy products


Anaerobic digestion

Organic solution

Food

Bioethanol


Lignin

Upgrading

Pyrolytic liquid

Algae

Biomaterials

C5 sugars

Bio-H2

Chemical reaction

Animal feed

Chemical reaction


2. Biodiesel from oilcrop

Grain Straw

Biogas


Chemical process



UpgradingSteam

reforming

Pressing/desruption

Estherification


Pretreatment

Combustion

Fiber separation


Chemical reaction

Methanisation

Fiber separation

Oil

C6 sugars

Water gas shift

Straw

H2


Extraction

Fermentation

Water electrolysis

Gasification

Separation

Syngas

Separation

Hydrolysis

Pyrolysis, HTU





Oil based residues

Biomethane



Feedstock

Material products

Legend

Energy products


Anaerobic digestion

Organic solution

Food

Bioethanol


Lignin

Upgrading

Pyrolytic liquid

Algae

Biomaterials

C5 sugars

Bio-H2

Chemical reaction

Animal feed

Chemical reaction



3. Biomethane fromorganic residues

Grain Straw

Biogas


Chemical process



UpgradingSteam

reforming

Pressing/desruption

Estherification


Pretreatment

Combustion

Fiber separation


Chemical reaction

Methanisation

Fiber separation

Oil

C6 sugars

Water gas shift

Straw

H2


Extraction

Fermentation

Water electrolysis

Gasification

Separation

Syngas

Separation

Hydrolysis

Pyrolysis, HTU





Oil based residues

Biomethane



Feedstock

Material products

Legend

Energy products


Anaerobic digestion

Organic solution

Food

Bioethanol


Lignin

Upgrading

Pyrolytic liquid

Algae

Biomaterials

C5 sugars

Bio-H2

Chemical reaction

Animal feed

Chemical reaction




4. FT-Fuels and chemicals fromlignocellulosic residues

Grain Straw

Biogas


Chemical process



UpgradingSteam

reforming

Pressing/desruption

Estherification


Pretreatment

Combustion

Fiber separation


Chemical reaction

Methanisation

Fiber separation

Oil

C6 sugars

Water gas shift

Straw

H2


Extraction

Fermentation

Water electrolysis

Gasification

Separation

Syngas

Separation

Hydrolysis

Pyrolysis, HTU





Oil based residues

Biomethane



Feedstock

Material products

Legend

Energy products


Anaerobic digestion

Organic solution

Food

Bioethanol


Lignin

Upgrading

Pyrolytic liquid

Algae

Biomaterials

C5 sugars

Bio-H2

Chemical reaction

Animal feed

Chemical reaction

Grain Straw

Biogas


Chemical process



UpgradingSteam

reforming

Pressing/desruption

Estherification


Pretreatment

Combustion

Fiber separation


Chemical reaction

Methanisation

Fiber separation

Oil

C6 sugars

Water gas shift

Straw

H2


Extraction

Fermentation

Water electrolysis

Gasification

Separation

Syngas

Separation

Hydrolysis

Pyrolysis, HTU





Oil based residues

Biomethane



Feedstock

Material products

Legend

Energy products


Anaerobic digestion

Organic solution

Food

Bioethanol


Lignin

Upgrading

Pyrolytic liquid

Algae

Biomaterials

C5 sugars

Bio-H2

Chemical reaction

Animal feed

Chemical reaction




4. FT-Fuels and chemicals fromlignocellulosic residues

…

Outline



Green Biorefinery

Wood Biorefineries


Grassland Silage

Gas engine Biogas plantHeat & Power

Fractionation

Gas purificationGasnetBio-CNG

Power plant

Gas burner

AminoacidsLactic acid

Juice treatment

The Green Biorefinery Concept in Upper Austria

FibreProcessing

Fibre for differentapplications

feedstock silage(Grass, Clover, Lucerne)

Mechanical Fractionation

Press CakeFibres

Juice

Lactic AcidSeparation

Amino AcidsSeparation

Biogas digester

Amino Acids mixtures

Lactic Acid,

ElectricityHeat

Fertiliser

optional

additional feed(manure, maize)

Green Biorefinery in Utzenaich in Austria

Outline



Green Biorefinery

Wood Biorefineries


Wood Biorefinery in Lenzing/Austria

pulp

acetic acid

thick liquor

energy surplus

beech wood

11%

50%pulp mill

39% furfural

xylose

WOOD: First Process it….

The final poducts aretechnology-intensive!capital-intensive !labour-intensive!export-intensive!

Lignin: calorific value 25 – 26 MJ/kg (aromates)

Cellulose, hemicelluloses: calorific value 16 – 18 MJ/kg (hydrocarbons)

Biorefinery ConceptM-real Hallein AG / Austria

Source: M-real

Outline



Green Biorefinery

Wood Biorefineries


BioSNGBioSNG--MethanisationMethanisation(Pilot plant)(Pilot plant)

Biomass

Biomass Biomass gasifiergasifier

CO + 3 H2 = CH4 + H2O

[energy from biomass]

RENEWABLE ENERGY NETWORK AUSTRIA

R&D Activities for Syngas-Platform in Güssing

BioFiTBioFiT–– FT FT synthesissynthesis

Future

Methanol, Hydrogen, Methanol, Hydrogen, ……Source: Vienna University of Technology

SNG from Biomass –Demonstration in Güssing

Methanisation Demo

SNG as transportation biofuel

Source: Vienna University of Technology

Outline



Green Biorefinery

Wood Biorefineries


Process System:Wood Bioethanol Biorefinery

Bioethanol Electricity Heat Phenols


Pretreatment

Hydrolysis

Fermentation

Bioethanol

Wood chips

Electricity Heat Phenols


Combustion

Pretreatment

Hydrolysis

Fermentation

Bioethanol

Wood chips

Lignin

Residues



Combustion

Pretreatment

Hydrolysis

Fermentation

Bioethanol

Wood chips

Lignin

Pyrolysis

Drying

SeparationResidues


Char

Biooil

Reference Systems for Wood Bioethanol Biorefinery

Systems

Heat Electricity Transportation service *) Phenols

110 GWh/a 175 GWh/a 1,000 Mio. km/a 5,600 t/aWood bioethanol biorefienery

Wood polygeneration, con. phenols oilWood CHP **), gasoline, con. phenols gasoline oil

Wood heating, natural gas, gasoline, con. phenols wood natural gas gasoline oilFossil reference system oil natural gas gasoline oil

*) Bioethanol: 100.000 t/a**) Combined heat and power

woodwood

wood

Supplied energy services

System Description forExample Environmental Evaluation

Systems

Heat Electricity Transportation service *) Phenols

110 GWh/a 175 GWh/a 1,000 Mio. km/a 5,600 t/aWood bioethanol biorefienery

Wood polygeneration, con. phenols oilWood CHP **), gasoline, con. phenols gasoline oil

Wood heating, natural gas, gasoline, con. phenols wood natural gas gasoline oilFossil reference system oil natural gas gasoline oil

*) Bioethanol: 100.000 t/a**) Combined heat and power

woodwood

wood

Supplied energy services

LCA Results:Greenhouse Gas Emissions

- 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450

Wood bioethanolbiorefienery

Wood polygeneration, con.phenols

Wood CHP, gasoline, con.phenols

Wood heating, natural gas,gasoline, con. phenols

Fossil reference system

Greenhouse Gas Emissions [1,000 t CO2-eq./a]

CO2 CH4 N2O

48

57

288

367

408

- 10%

- 29%

- 86%

- 88%

- 2 4 6 8 10

Wood bioethanolbiorefienery

Wood polygeneration,con. phenols

Wood CHP, gasoline,con. phenols

Wood heating, naturalgas, gasoline, con.

phenols

Fossil reference system

Cumulated Primary Energy Demand [PJ/a]

Fossil energy Biomass Others

8.6

7.0

6.2

5.85

5.91

LCA Results:Cumulated Primary Energy Demand

- 33%

- 84%

- 90%

- 9% Reduction fossil energy

Indicator for Environmental Evaluation

-1.0

-0.8

-0.5

-0.3

--400.00 -350.00 -300.00 -250.00 -200.00 -150.00 -100.00 -50.00 0.00

GHG reduction [ t CO2-eq/a]

Spec

ific

GH

G re

duct

ion

[t C

O2-

eq/t w

ood]

Wood bioethanol biorefieneryWood polygeneration, con. phenolsWood CHP, gasoline, con. phenolsWood heating, natural gas, gasoline, con. phenolsFossil reference system

Your Questions on

Biorefinery Status Austria

Die Teilnahme an den Tasks in IEA Bioenergy wird finanziert vomBundesministerium für Verkehr, Innovation und Technologie / Abteilung für Energie- und Umwelttechnologien.

IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries, Meeting Task with national Irish Stakeholders, Dublin, Ireland, 25 March 2009 1


Biorefinery Status 2009 Denmark

Henning JørgensenUniversity of Copenhagen, [email protected]

Ioannis SkiadasCopenhagen Institute of Technology, [email protected]



1. National Policy Aspects (1)Danish Energy Plan 2025

• Renewable energy to cover 30 % of energy in 2025 = 2-fold of present

• Renewable biofuels for the transportation sector

• 5,75% by 2010

• 10% by 2020

• Full scale demonstration plant for 2nd generation biofuelready in 2010

• Energy development and demonstration program (EUDP) 2007-2010

• 100 € in total

• 25 mio. € dedicated for 2nd generation biofuel



1. National Policy Aspects (2)• No tax incentive to blend ethanol in gasoline or use of

biodiesel

• Proposed law about mandatory blending of 5.75 biofuel by 2010

• Statoil only company offering E5 (Bio95) on the Danish marked (Since May 2006)

• In 2006 the bioethanol consumption was 0.151 PJ (56.000 tons) out of total diesel and gasoline consumption 174.4 PJ

• All bioethanol imported – mainly from Brazil

• Biodiesel (B20 - from animal fat) as a test in the city of Århus

• In 2006 the Danish export of biodiesel (mainly rapeseed) was 3.7 PJ (100.000 tons)

• Strong political resistance against 1st generation biofuel



2. Running Commercial Biorefineries (selection)Two larger plants for biodiesel production:

• Emmelev Mølle (1st generation)

• Operating since 1992

• Production capacity around 100.000 tons/yr

• Feedstock rape seed

• All for export

• Daka Biodiesel (2nd generation)

• Operating since beginning 2008

• Production capacity 55.000 l/yr

• Feedstock slaughter house waste

• Some of the production used in test in Århus and rest exported



3. Pilot and Demo Facilities (selection)

• Inbicon Pilot Plant in Skærbæk

• 100 kg/hr pretreatment optimisation,

hydrolysis and fermentation

• 1000 kg/hr pretreatment for mechanical testing/development

• Biogasol Pilot Plant

• 150 kg/d pretreatment, hydrolysis and fermentation



4. R&D Activities (selection)

• High Technology Platform project – 2nd generation biofuels –DTU, KU, Risø, DONG Energy, Novozymes, Biogasol, HaldorTopsoe Fuel Cells, Statoil – 2.9 mio. €

• Biorefinery project – DTU, SDU, AU, Novozymes – 1.6 mio. €

• Renescience – waste to fuel and energy – DONG Energy, KU, DTU, Novozymes, Haldor Topsoe, Amager Forbrændingen – 4 mio. €

• BioRef - Development of a biorefinery concept using selected biomasses for an integrated production of biofuels, biochemicals, antibiotics, and additives to food and feedstocks- AAU, KU, Biogasol, Biotest, Solum – 2.3 mio. €



5. Major National Stakeholders (1)

Universities

• KU (University of Copenhagen)

• Biomass production, harvesting and logistics, plant biotechnology, conversion technologies, enzymatic hydrolysis, LCA

• DTU (Technical University of Denmark) and Risø National Laboratory

• Conversion technologies, enzymes, hydrolysis, fermentation processes and microorganisms, biogas, biohydrogen, LCA

• AAU (Aalborg University)

• Conversion technologies, physicochemical pretreatment, enzymes discovery, hydrolysis, fermentation technology, microbes (archea, bacteria and fungi), biogas, biohydrogen



5. Major National Stakeholders (2)Industries

• DONG Energy/Inbicon (IBUS process)

• Power, energy, oil and gas production, development of technologies for 2nd generation biofuels, pilot plant for 2nd generation biofuels, constructing demonstration plant

• Biogasol (Maxifuel process)

• Development of technologies for 2nd generation biofuel, biogas, hydrogen, anaerobic thermophilic bacteria, pilot plant for Maxifuelprocess, planning demonstration plant

• Terranol

• Development of yeast for 2nd generation biofuel

• Novozymes

• Enzymes

• Genencor/Danisco

• Enzymes



6. National Co-operation / Knowledge Dissemination Structures

National networks

• CBMI (Center for Bioenergy and Environmental Technology Innovation )

• Partners: University of Aarhus, Agro Business Park A/S, RisøDTU, AgroTech, Engineering College of Aarhus, Technological Institute

• Partnership for biofuels

• Inbicon A/S, Aalborg University, Danisco A/S, Novozymes A/S, Statoil A/S, Biogasol, Solum Group, Landbrugsraadet, AgroTech



7. Biorefinery Case - Inbicon

• Pilot plant facilities in Skærbæk, Denmark

• 100 kg/hr pretreatment optimisation,

hydrolysis and fermentation

• 1000 kg/hr pretreatment for mechanical testing/development

• Demonstration plant under construction in Kalundborg, Denmark

• In operation late 2009

• Capacity 4000 kg/hr – 4300 tons/yr of ethanol

• Have received 10.2 mio € from EUDP

• Total investment around 40 mio €




Separation

C5 Molasses

Distillation

Ethanol

Yeast

Fibre

Enzymes

Power plant

Steam

Pre-treatment

Straw

Solidbiofuel

FermentationLiquefied fibres

Condensate

Stillageseparation

Liquefaction

Liquid fraction

Evaporation


IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries7. Biorefinery Case - BornBioFuels



Biomass

Heat & Power

BioGAS

Solid Fraction

Chemicals

Hydrogen

Fuel

StrawGrasses

Garden wasteetc.

Process energy

Anaerobic Digestion

Pretreatment

C5-Fermentation

Process water

C6-Fermentation

BornBioFuels – demo-scale testingthe world’s leading sustainable bioethanol concept



8. Links

• Inbicon – www.inbicon.com

• Biogasol – www.biogasol.dk

• Terranol – www.terranol.dk

• Daka Biodiesel – www.dakabiodiesel.dk

• Emmelev Mølle – www.emmelev.dk

• KU – www.ku.dk / Fuel for Life – www.fuel.life.ku.dk

• DTU/Risø – www.dtu.dk

• AAU – www.aau.dk



IEA BIOENERGY

Task 42 Biorefinery

5th Task Meeting

Dublin, Ireland, 25/26 March 2009



Biorefinery Status 2009 AUSTRALIAGraeme Bullock

Chairman, BioIndustry Partners P/L

Adjunct Professor, Institute for Sustainable Resources, Queensland University of Technology

bioindustrypartners.com.au

+617 33970027, cell +61 491655115

Representing Bioenergy Australia and deputising for Prof Gil Garnier - leader of Task 42 in Australia



1. National Policy Aspects

Climate change policies (Biofuels policies; Emissions trading policies; Mandatory renewable electricity target (MRET))

Clean coal policies (carbon sequestration)

Targeted funding schemes as implementation measures

2. State Policy Aspects

More ambitious renewable electricity targets

Mandatory biofuels targets in NSW and soon to be in Queensland



2. Running Commercial Biorefineries

Only conventional facilities for molasses to ethanol, cereal grain to ethanol, and tallow and oilseeds to biodiesel exist in Australia at present.



3. Pilot and Demo Facilities

3.1 Bagasse biorefinery – QUT, Syngenta, Mackay Sugar Cooperative Association, Farmacule BioIndustries

• products targeted include ethanol, lignin and lignin derivatives/applications

• process aspects include pre-treatments (alkali, ionic liquids), enzyme hydrolysis, process and energy integration

• feedstocks include GM sugarcane – in plantaexpression of cellulase enzyme complex

• >A$10M funding from Queensland and Australian Governments and commercial participants



3. Pilot and Demo Facilities (continued)

3.2 Algae biorefinery – South Australian Research and Development Institute (SARDI) and collaborators

Pilot plant photobioreactor facility for algae species selection and characterisation

3.3 Ethtec Pty Ltd – Pilot demonstration of strong acid hydrolysis applied to bagasse (Arkenol process) for ethanol and co-products

3.4 Specialised support facilities are being established under NCRIS for fermentative organism development and process optimisation (Macquarie and NSW Universities), and thermal processing of biomass (Sydney U)



4. R&D Activities (selection)

Genetically modified crops (sugarcane) for biomass/bioenergypurposes (UQ/CSR, QUT/Syngenta/Farmacule)

Lignocellulosic fibre pre-treatments and co-product recovery

Applications of ionic liquids in lignocellulosic fibrefractionation (QUT, MonashU)

Lignin derivation and applications (CRC-SIIB, QUT, UQ)

Algal species characterisation and process conditions development (UMelb, QUT, SARDI, JCU, others)

Heterotrophic micro-organisms characterisation and process conditions development



5. Major National Stakeholders

Australian government:

• through RIRDC and Bioenergy Australia, and

• government grants schemes

Universities and government research institutions

Australian Sugar Industry

Forest products industry




1.National Collaborative R&D Infrastructure Strategy (NCRIS)

• Funding for the QUT and SARDI biorefineries as part of their Biofuels initiative under a National Research Priority –Environmentally Sustainable Australia

• Infrastructure must be made available to all-comers (independent steering committee)

2. Cooperative Research Centres

CRC-Sugar Industry Innovation through Biotechnology



7. Biorefinery Case

Single product biorefineries are unlikely to be sustainable at the triple bottom line

New production facilities based on new processes building on existing infrastructure with whole-of-site integration of materials and energy, including re-cycle.

Are existing pulp mills, sugar mills and oil refineries the biorefineries of the future?



8. Other Issues

Use of Life Cycle Analysis methods to validate the sustainability claims of renewable products



IEA BIOENERGY

Task 42 Biorefinery

5th Task Meeting




Biorefinery Status 2009 GermanyThomas Willke

Institute of Agricultural Technology and Biosystems Engineering

Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut (vTI):Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries

Bundesallee 50, D-38116 BraunschweigEmail: [email protected] - tel: ++49 (0)531-596-4124

mailto:[email protected]



1. National Policy Aspects:German Targets by 2020 (Meseberg, Aug 2007)Basis: Renewable Energy Directive (RED): 20% RE by 2020

• 18% renewable energy share of final energy consumption(2007: 8,5) - not possible without political measures

• Doubling the share of electricity from CPH up to 25% in 2020• Increase of renewable energy for electricity production to 25-30%

and further expansion by 2030• Regulation of biogas feeding into the grid: 6% substitution of

natural gas by 2020 seems possible• Increase of heat production from renewables to 14%• Increase of biofuel share to 17% energetic (discussion about

climate impact and target adjustment)• Motto: “Demanding and supporting”



1. National Policy Aspects (cont.)• Proposal on biofuels quota 2009 (discussed, decision end of March?)

– 5.25 % in 2009 (previously 6,25%) and 6,25 % (2010-2014)– B-7 Standard (7% biodiesel blend, previously 5%), e.g. additional 0.6

(from 1.5 to 2.1) mln tonnes per year biodiesel can be used (palm-and soy oil included)remark: federal government originally planned exclusion due to doubts over their sustainability, but proposal was rejected by EC

– energy tax B-100 from € 0.15 to € 0.21 in Jan 2009, but proposal of reduction to € 0.18 is discussed (due to mineral oil price decline)



1. National Policy Aspects (cont.)Other criteria (“sustainability”, see EU renewable energy directive):• Nature conservation

– protection of soil, water and air– carbon balance, nutrient recycle– no crop growing on virgin forest, wetland, peat,...

• Social aspects, development of rural areas• Competition between food and energy



2. Running Commercial Biorefineries (selection)• Biodiesel plants

– capacity 4,2 mln t/a in 42 plants– feedstock: rapeseed, palm oil, soy

• Ethanol plants– capacity : 900 mln litres = 700,000 t/a in 9 plants, output 2008: 815 mln litres– feedstock: 50 % grain, 30 % sugar, rest non agricultural

• Südzucker, Mannheim, Leading sugar-refinery in Europe– palatinose, Food-additives, from grain and sugar, business volume: 5,8 bln € (2008)– byproducts, biogas, feed– own logistics, water recycle, energy/steam recycle

• CropEnergies (Zeitz, Wanze-Belgium)– 2009/2010 bioethanol production capacity > 700 mln (550,000 t) per year– feedstock: sugar and grain– byproducts: DDGS, electricity



2. Running Commercial Biorefineries (selection) cont.• Zellstoff Stendal (Mercer Int.), largest and most modern pulp mill in Europe

– cellulose from wood 570,000 t/a (paper, tissue)– byproducts: NBSK-Pulp*, tall oil, methanol, turpentine, electricity, process steam– own logistic, water and energy recovery, waste recycling

• Choren, Freiberg– BTL from wood, byproducts: naphta, heat, steam, electricity– beta plant 18 mln litres/a, commissioned in 2008– commercial sigma plant 270 mln litres/a, under design)

• Biowert Ind., Brensbach– Green Biorefinery: Production of insulation material, biocomposites from grasses (5000 t/a– byproducts: Proteins, liquid fertilizer, biogas > Electricity

• Emsland-Stärke, Wietzendorf– whole crop biorefinery: food, textile, paper, adhesives from potato (1,6 mln t/a)– byproducts: biogas, electricity– logistics, water/energy- recycling

*Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft pulp



3. Pilot and Demo Facilities (selection)• Potsdam-ATB: Lactic acid from rye (pilot, 10 t/a)

– funded by BMELV, state of Brandenburg and EU (EFRE)• Brandenburg-Havelland (demo, 30,000 t/a)

– whole crop utilisation, Lactic acid from grass; amino acids, fodder, zero-waste concept

– Funded by BMU• Potsdam/Iceland: Ethanol from Lignocellulose (demo)

– Biomass (20,000 t/a) to Ethanol 7 mln l/a– Acid hydrolysis, German technology

• Biomass to Liquid - BTL (demo)– joint project between plant manufacturer Lurgi (100% subsidiary of Air-Liquide) and

Technology Institute Karlsruhe (TIK)– feedstock: straw– costs € 25 mln (25% each Lurgi and TIK, remaining 50% by funding programme of

BMELV/FNR– commissioning of gasifier in 2011



4. R&D Activities (selection)• BMELV-FNR (www.fnr.de), project excecuting organization of BMELV,

Budget 50 mln €/a– research programme “Renewable Resources”– market introduction programmes– bioenergy demonstration projects

• BMBF (www.bmbf.de) Budget 2008-2013: about 200 mln €– BioEnergie2021: “Research on utilization of biomass” 2008-2013, 50 mln €– IG-Biotech: German Indonesian cooperation - palm-oil refinery, use of crude glycerol

for chemical intermediates (1,3-PDO, HPA)– Biorefinery cluster middle east (100 mln €)– competence Network Agro-Research (40 mln €)

• BMU (www.bmu.de) Budget 2008: about 100 Mio €– promotion and funding of environmental technologies, renewable energy, climate

change, ... • BMWi (www.bmwi.de)

– CHP-technologies– energy saving, - recycling, - efficiency

http://www.fnr.de/http://www.bmbf.de/http://www.bmu.de/http://www.bmwi.de/



4. R&D Activities (selection) cont.• DBU (www.dbu.de)

– promotion and funding of innovative and environmental projects (technologies, recycling, depollution, power production, energy efficiency, ...

• DECHEMA (www.dechema.de) – project-coordination: lignocellulose biorefinery– SusChem: Sustainable Chemistry

• vTI (www.vti.bund.de)– research on material utilization from Renewable Resources (chemicals and materials from

agriculture– investigation of whole chain from agriculture to marketable products incl. economics)

• German BiomassResearchCentre (DBFZ)-Leipzig (www.dbfz.de)– research on energy recovery of biomass (bioenergy, biogas, biofuels, combustion, thermo-chemical

processes, feedstock potential, yields, ...)• Center Biorefinery NRW (CEBYN) (www.cef.nrw.de)

– “Bioraffinerie – Produktionssystem des 21. Jahrunderts” (Fraunhofer Umsicht)• Meó-corporate development

– "International Sustainability and Carbon Certification" (ISCC) (www.iscc-project.org)

http://www.dbu.de/http://www.dechema.de/http://www.vti.bund.de/http://www.dbfz.de/http://www.cef.nrw.de/http://www.iscc-project.org/



5. Major National Stakeholders• Chemical Industry

– Bayer, BASF, Cargill-Dow, Cognis, Degussa-Evonik, Henkel, Südchemie, Wacker• Primary sector (Producer)

– wood, energy plants, grass, starch/sugar, plant-oil, others• Plant manufacturer

– Linde, Uhde, Lurgi, BMA• Automotive Industry

– VW, Daimler, Ford, Opel• Mineral Oil industry

– Shell, BP• Research Institutes

– vTI, ATB, DBFZ, Fraunhofer, Helmholtz, Leibnitz, Universities• Policy, funding

– BMU, BMBF, BMELV, FNR, PTJ, Carmen, dBU, Dechema, Energy Agency NRW• Agriculture-/Forestry-Associations

– UFOP (oil, proteins), DBV (farmers), AGDW (forest owner), DFWR (forestry), DHWR (wood-industry)



6. National Co-operation / Knowledge Dissemination Structures• FNR

– Internet, workshops, conferences, education• dBU

– workshops, education, conferences• Dechema

– Workshops, colloquia, education and training • Biovision 2030 group

– Dow, Fraunhofer ICT, biorefinery.de, BioPos, a.o.)• White Biotechnology

– Dechema, DBU, B.R.A.I.N, DIB/VCI, FBU, ISB, UBA, • ProceesNet-research group: “Rohstoffbasis im Wandel”

– GDCh, DECHEMA, VDI-GVC, DGMK, VCI• Regional biorefinery networks

– “Biorefinery Cluster Middle East” (initiated by BMBF, BMELV, BMU)– “Industriell Biotechnology North” (http://ibnord.de)

http://ibnord.de/



7. Biorefinery Case: Thermo-chemical BiorefineryOpening statements to the use of Biomass

• Biomass is the only renewable carbon source!

• Biomass should be used favorably for organic chemicals and fuel

• production instead of electrical power and heat generation!

• Syngas and its main constituent, hydrogen, are key intermediates for synthetic chemistry!

• Synthetic fuels are most promising products!

• Biomass stems from our biosphere – sustainable use!



7. Biorefinery Case: Thermo-chemical BiorefineryBiofuels 2nd Generation

• High mass potential by use of complete plants, residues, and energy plants

• High CO2 reduction potential

• No change in motor design

• Use of existing infrastructure

• High quality fuels, lower specific emissions



7. Biorefinery Case: Thermo-chemical BiorefineryHurdles in large scale biomass utilization

• Usually low volumetric energy density

• Widely distributed occurrence

• Heterogeneous solid fuels

• High ash and salt contents

• Direct gasification is problematic

• Unfavorable H2:CO ratio after gasification (1:1)

• Downstream syntheses require high pressures

• (Fischer-Tropsch ≈ 30 bar, Methanol, DME ≈ 80 bar)



7. Biorefinery Case: Thermo-chemical Biorefinery



7. Biorefinery Case: Thermo-chemical Biorefinery 1



IEA BIOENERGY

Task 42 Biorefinery

5th Task Meeting




Biorefinery Status 2009 The NetherlandsRené van Ree

Head of Department Biomass Pre-treatment and Fibre Technology; Programme Manager Biorefinery

Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR)

Assistant Task Co-ordinator

[email protected]; +31-317-480710



0. National Energy-related Policy GoalsPolicy goals: - 9% renewable power production in 2010 - 20% renewable energy in 2020 (10% in 2010)

- Biofuels for transport: EC goals



1. Current Biomass Use for Energy in the NL (1)



1. Current Biomass Use for Energy in the NL (2)



2. LT (2030) Vision Dutch Energy Transition (1)30% fossil fuel use substitution by bio-based alternatives both

for energetic (power, heat, CHP) and non-energetic (chemicals, materials) applications

Assumed overall energy use: 3000 PJth (comparable to 2000)

850 PJth, affu will require about 1200 PJth raw biomass or 80 Mt d.b. a year

Projection Dutch biomass availability in 2030: 6 Mt d.b. primary byproducts/residues (100 PJth) 12 Mt d.b. secondary byproducts (200 PJth) 0-9 Mt d.b. energy crops (0-150 PJth) ? Aquaric biomass

About half of the BM required has to be imported !



2. LT (2030) Vision Dutch Energy Transition (2)



3. Dutch Biorefinery Initiative (DBI)

A coherent national Biorefinery Research, Development and Demonstration (RD&D) Programme within a European framework

Summary

- 7 year (2009-2015) market orientated RD&D Programme

- Framework: specific Dutch biorefinery strengths (“Moonshots”)

- Demonstration Support, Applied Research and Fundamental Research

- Stakeholders involved: industry, KIS (institutes and universities), GOs, NGOs, others; initiators: WUR and ECN



3.1 DBI Starting Points

Ambitions BbE Programme Ambition DBI

• 25% value EU BbPs through NL in 2025

• 30% fossil resources subsitution in NL for both sustainable non-energetic and energetic applications in 2030

To Develop and Demonstrate Sustainable Biorefinery Chains

for Bio-based Products and Bio-energy to feed the Dutch

and European BbE



3.2 Biorefinery DefinitionBiorefining is the sustainable processing of biomass into a spectrum of marketable Bio-based Products (food, feed,

materials, chemicals) and Energy (biofuels, power and/or heat) [IEA Bioenergy Task 42]

Very broad area -> focus for NL necessary -> selection based on SWOT

-> Vision DBI



3.3 Results SWOT Analysis – Biorefinery for the NLThe SWOT-analysis was performed in 2007 together with a variety of (industrial) stakeholders within the Biorefinery.nl framework.

Specific strengths for the Netherlands

• Advantageous geographical position in the European market (NL as port of Europe)

• Available logistical infrastructure (harbours) already used to handle large raw material fluxes (incl. biomass)

• Strong economic agro-food/feed, chemical and energy sectors situated relatively closeto each other

• Biorefinery is already relatively well developed in the food sector

• Strong Bio-based Knowledge Infrastructure (universities and institutes)

• Strong in White biotechnology, Catalysis, Machine building and Plant Breeding



3.4 Biorefinery Moonshots (1)1. Large-scale Biorefinery of

imported biomass and biomass-derived intermediates at Dutch harbour sites (making use of the existing logistical and chemical strengths). Examples: Bioports R’dam, Eems, Terneuzen, …..

2. Small/Medium-scale Biorefinery of specific Dutch crops (making use of the existing agro-, chemical and plant breeding strengths) Examples: beets, grass, maize, …..



3.4 Biorefinery Moonshots (2)

4. Biorefinery based on the valorisation of waste streams – multi-industrial and intersectoral approach (making use of the strong economic agro-food/feed, chemical and energy industries situated relatively close to each other) Examples: Biorefinery Cluster North NL, ……

3. Biorefinery of aquatic biomass(making use of the specific Dutch expertise on algae production and process development) Examples: WUR-initiatives, Akzo Nobel initiative, …..

White Biotechnology for non-food aplications is part of all Moonshots shown.



3.5 DBI Vision 2015 and BeyondDevelopment , Demonstration

and Implementation

of Sustainable Biorefinery Chains for Bio-based Products

and Bio-energy to feed the

Dutch and

European BbE



3.6 DBI Pilots / DemosSupport of pilots/demos specified by stakeholder consortia within the

Vision framework (potential examples)

M1.1) Thermo-chemical Biorefinery (syngas platform)M1.2) Valorization of biofuel residuesM2.1) Whole Crop (Sugar Beet) BiorefineryM2.2) Green (Grass) BiorefineryM3.1) Micro Algae BiorefineryM3.2) Macro Algae (Seaweeds) BiorefineryM4.1) Food Residues (undefined streams) BiorefineryM4.2) Crop Residues (defined streams) Biorefinery…..…..

Moonshots



3.6 DBI RD&D ProgrammeCommon thematic framework for both applied and fundamental

research

1. Valorisation of residues, (new non-food) crops, and aquatic biomass

2. Pre-treatment & primary refinery3. Secondary (bio)chemical & thermochemical refinery4. Full technical, logistical, socio-economic and ecological chain

aspects5. Transition aspects

Moonshots



3.7 Stakeholders (1)

Participants:

• Industry: members consortia market initiatives “Moonshots” (pilots/demos) and a variety of other industrial stakeholders (see next slide)

• KIS: - institutes: WUR, ECN

- universities: WUR, TUD, RUG, UT

• GOs: ministries (LNV, EZ, VROM), SenterNovem, Staatsbosbeheer, …..

• NGOs: WWF, Natuur & Milieu, …..

• Others: Roland Berger, LTO, branche organisations, …..

Initiators: WUR & ECN



3.7 Stakeholders (2)Port of

RotterdamArizona

ChemicalCourage “Corus”

DOW Benelux Avebe Argos Oil KCPK/VNP/Bumaga

Akzo Cosun Ten Kate Vetten

Groningen Seaports

NOM ADM Van Ganzewinkel

Shell

Akzo Agrologistiek Ingrepo Bayer

Aker Kvaerner Beethanol DSM Biofuel B.V.

Eneco CCL/Cehave Sabic Europe Grontmij

Meneba BASF Essent Deltalinqs

Avantium HVC Alkmaar Unilever Purac

Albermarle Rosendaal Bioenergy

Cargill BIOeCON

Industrial stakeholders that

have shown interest in a

national RD&D initiative on Biorefinery -

no official commitment yet



3.8 Knowledge Import and DisseminationNational knowledge dissemination platform:

• Dutch Knowledge Network on Biorefinery (WUR/ECN)

www.Biorefinery.nl

European knowledge import and dissemination platforms:

• EC Technology Platforms (a.o. Suschem TP, Biofuels TP, Forest-based TP), EC-projects (variety)

International knowledge import and dissemination platform:

• IEA Bioenergy Task 42 “Biorefinery” (WUR/Avantium)

http://www.biorefinery.nl/


IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries3.

9 D

BI T

imef

ram

e



IEA BIOENERGY

Task 42 Biorefinery

5th Task Meeting




Biorefinery Status 2009 - FranceLéonard BONIFACE / [email protected]

ADEME



1. National Policy Aspects

•Renewable energy 2020 : 23%•Biofuels 2010 : 7% 2015 : 10%

2006 2020

Renewable energy 17 Mtoe

Of which Biomass 10.2 Mtoe 20-25 Mtoe

Solid fuel 9.5 Mtoe 19 Mtoe

0.7 Mtoe

37 Mtoe (23%)

Biofuel 4 Mtoe

+ 20



2. Running Commercial Biorefineries (selection)

Company Feedstock Products Description

Novance (PROLEA)… Vegetable oil Oleochemistry for non-food markets

Production of solvents, lubricants, biodiesel,

resins

DRT… Terpen, resinschemicals from paper and

pulp industry by-products

Resin, gum rosin, resin, fine chemicals, tall oil

derivatives, surfactants

Roquette, Syral… Wheat, potato, maize, pea

Starch, food, feed, bulk and fine chemicals, succinic acid,

ethanol…

Physical, chemical and fermentation processes

ARD, Cristal Union, Téréos, Chamtor… Wheat, sugar beet,

Food, feed, ethanol, succinic acid,

cosmetics, electricity

Physical, chemical and fermentation processes

Tembec, Smurfit… WoodCellulose, paper, tall oil,

lignosulfonates, electricity, steam

Production of products and energy from

wood



3. Pilot and Demo Facilities (selection)

• Futurol (planned): Pilot plant for the production of cellulosic ethanol on the existing sugar-beet and wheat biorefining site of Bazancourt

• Solvay: Production of epichlorhydrin from glycerin (10 kt/y)

• SICA Atlantique: Pilot plant for the production of Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters (FAEE). MULTIVAL process. (10 kt/y)

•A call for proposal has been launched by ADEME for expermimentaldemonstration plants for the production of 2G biofuels by thermochemicalconversion. The submitted projects are currently evaluated.



4. R&D Activities (selection)Roquette : The BioHub® program aims at getting the most out of agricultural resources by developing new chemical and biochemical processes to synthesize chemical products from Isosorbide. Investment: € 90 million over seven years.13 Industrial and research partners.Location: Lestrem

Soufflet : Osiris project. Development of Biofuels, Food feed and biological crop protection products from cereals. Investment: € 77 millions over eight years.Location: Nogent sur Seine



4. R&D Activities (selection)Governmental organizations

SME Innovation Agency

National Research Agency

French Environment and Energy Management Agency

DG CIS

State-owned research institutes

CNRS National center for scientific research

INRA National Institute for agronomic research

IFP French petroleum institute

CEA French Atomic Energy Commission



5. Major National StakeholdersCompaniesBiomass refiners : Roquette, Syral, Soufflet, DRT, Unigrains, Cristal Union, Tembec, Téréos, Tembec…

Chemical companies: Rhodia, Arkema, Seppic (Air liquide), Total, Solvay, ARD, BASF, Cognis,

Others (start-ups, biotechs..) : Metabolic explorer, Proteus, Lesaffre…

Feedstock producers unionsCGB (sugar beet),

Proléa (oil seeds),

AGPM (Maïze),

AGPB (wheat)

…




• Association chimie du végétal (biobased chemistry association)

• ADEME



7. Biorefinery Case:

the whole crop biorefinery


Starch Biorefinery

Cyclodextrines

PHB, PHA

Native starch

Modifiedstarch

Ethanol

Fermentation,Distillation

Dehydration Saccharification

Straw / Stover

Energy

Feed

Biobased materials, surfactants

Starch milk

Wet separation, centrifugation

mecanicpretreatment (wheat)

Crop

Hydrolyse

Glycols

PU

Sorbitol

Maltitol, Mannitol, Xylitol, Arabitol,

Erythritol …

PTTPropanediol 1,3

HydrogenationFermentation

THF, BDOGBL

AcrylatesMalic,

fumaric,Itaconic

ac.,FDCA

MTHF DALA

Diphénolic ac.

PLA

PBT, PTEMG

Ethyllactate

Fermentation (cellulose)

Glucuronic ac.glucaric ac.Adipic ac.Aspartic .

Citric ac.Gluconic ac.

Érythorbic ac.oxalic ac.

Glutamic ac.Lysine

Threonine

Organicacids

Levulinicac.

Lacticacid Succinic

ac.3-hydroxy-

propionic ac.

PBS

Glucose

PVP

Bioplastics

Biobased materials from the whole plant (maïze)

Isosorbidenitrate

Composite materials

Biofuels

Germ IAA

PaperIndustry Pharmaceticalss,

cosmétics, textile, adhesive, …

Feed

Stover

Bakery, IAA

Plastic films

Pharmaceticals, others

phrmaceticals

Ascorbicac. Polymeradditives

Sorbitanesters

Surfactants

AlkylpolyglucosidesSurfactants

SolvantsSolvants, Antifreeze

PG

IAASolvants, Antifreeze

Cosmétics

polyols Polyethers

Bran

Gluten

Isosorbide

Pharmaceticals, Cosmétics

Solvants

isosorbideDi-méthyl

Glucose Syrup Fructose chemistryFructose

Wheat or Maïze

Seeds, water, fertilizers, fuel, ..

Energy

Roquette: BioHubproject

Developing grass for sustainable renewable energy generation and value-added products

DAFF Research Stimulus Fund Programme (07 557)

GreenGrass

IEA Task 42 Biorefineries 25/3/09Joe McEniry, Teagasc Grange

http://www.ucc.ie/en/

GreenGrass - project background

4.28 M ha of land → 91 % grassland

~ 97 % total ruminant feed - most important agricultural crop in Ireland

Low farm incomes

Diversion of grass → Energy production

Project background

Grass has potential as an Energy crop- perennial, high yielding & low Energy input- production practices well understood

Energy production- one of the most fuel import dependent countries in EU

Environment- high yield with low environmental pressures

Agricultural sustainability- divert production from static food market

GreenGrass - project outlineAgronomy & ensiling

Silage

Fractionation

Press cake Press juice

Biobased materials

Anaerobic digestion

Biogas

+/- Hydrolytic pre-treatment

Agronomy & ensilingPhysical & chemical composition of grasses & clover

- alternative opportunities for non-agricultural uses- biomass feedstock

Stage of maturity

N fertiliser

Ensilage- year round availability

Teagasc Grange

Fractionation & fibre characterisation

Wet fractionation- separate cell contents from cell wall structure

Press-juice → biogas- anaerobic digestion

Teagasc Grange

Press-cake → biobased material- grass fibre characterisation- potential applications?

Digester design

Nizami & Murphy (2009) What is the optimal digester configuration for producing grass biomethane? Renewable Energy (in review)

University College Cork

Option 1Sequential batch leach bed reactors coupled with UASB6 parallel leach bedsCommon leachate tankBiogas collected over UASB

Digester design

Option 2Two stage wet continuous systemGrass/silage macerated & diluted Biogas collected over both CSTR


Options 3 & 4 ……

Anaerobic digestion

Potential biogas production/unit crop

Compare digesters

Optimal configuration for silage feedstocks - temperature, pH, hydraulic retention time etc.


Hydrolytic pre-treatmentHydrolysis step → rate-limiting step

Pre-treatment- physical, chemical etc. - open cellular structure to microbial action - reduce retention time- enhance biogas production → improved energy return

Methane production potential +/- hydrolytic pre-treatment- costs & benefits

Questor Centre, Q.U.B.

Project outcome

Optimal grass utilisation strategy- 3 options: direct digestion, separation & hydrolytic pre-treatment- costs & benefits

Scoring matrices- Energy usage & net energy production- Financial return- Environmental & developmental sustainability

Platform for future research into the exploitation of the economic potential of grasslands

iea bioenergy task 42 biorefineries · the new biomass value chain: ... biofuels by co-production...

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