Norsk Marinteknisk Forskningsinstitutt

Presented by Beate Kvamstad at Digital Ship Bergen 31st of January 2013

Identification of solutions and tools to bring operational benefits to the maritime sector

Focus of this presentation

• Background − Drivers for further developments within the maritime communication industry - The Arctic! − Ended and on-going Arctic and communication projects at MARINTEK

• Challenges for maritime operations in the Arctic

− Why do we need new information and communication techologies?

• Potential solutions and tools − Methodology for identification of information and communication needs − Long term − Intermediate

Trends and drivers for research on Arctic maritime operations

• Climatic changes and unexploited natural resources: − Global warming and less ice (The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2007 IPCC report)

− Easier access to unexploited resources (United States Geological Survey, USGS)

• Political: − The High North is a political strategic area for Norway − Strategic documents (Stø kurs 1 & 2, Nordområdemeldingen, Maritime 21, Research Council of

Norway) − EU, Arctic Council, Russia, Canada, Denmark, USA − Asia! − Increased international cooperation

• Oil and gas: − Snøhvit, Goliat, Skrugard, Havis − Pechora, Yamal, Shakalin − Beauforthavet − Greenland

• Increased transport and tourism, changes in fisheries • Business development and economic growth • Military presence

Ended and on-going projects

2006 2016

ARCEMOP – Arctic Emergency Operations (2006-2009, MAROFF)

MarCom – Broadband at Sea

(2007-2010, MAROFF) MarSafe North – Maritime Safety Management

(2008 -2011, MAROFF)

ArctiCOM SatCom in the Arctic(2010

-2011, ESA)

ArkKOM (2010 -2011, NRS)

CIVArctic (2008 -2010,

MAROFF)

A Holistic Approach to Safety at Sea (2010, MFN,

Kystverket, LN)

MARENOR – Maritime

Radio System Performances

in the High North

(2012 – 2015, MAROFF)

COINOR – Communication

in the High North for

ConocoPhillips (2012 -2016)

A-LEX 1 – "From Hamburg

to Yamburg" (2010 – 2012,

FRAM-senteret)

Vessel and operation design

Communication in the High North & Safety

Communication in the High North Search & Rescue (SAR)

ArcticSAT (2013-2014)

ESA

SARiNOR forprosjekt

(2012)

BarSek Nor-Russ

SAR (2012)

SARiNOR hovedprosjekt (2013 – 2016, JIP)

SatCom4Mar (2013-2014)

ESA

A-LEX 2 – "From Hamburg

to Yamburg" (2013 – 2016)

(UD, NORRUSS)

Challenges for arctic maritime operations

Source: Joint Rescue Center Bodø

Many involved actors…

Source: Joint Rescue Center Bodø

Large areas and distances…

Maritime communication challenges

• Limitations: − Obviously wireless only to mobile platforms/

vessels… − Fiber/cable possible to fixed installations

– may be used as wireless base stations

Terrestrial wireless preferred in coastal waters and in the vicinity of offshore base stations (<20-100 km, depending on capacity requirements) – WiFi/WLAN (extremely short range; harbours & similar…) – GSM/3G LTE/4G – WiMAX, CDMA450 – Digital VHF (low bandwidth)

Satellite communications (SatCom) at deep sea

Maritime communication challenges

• Limitations: − Obviously wireless only to mobile platforms/

vessels… − Fiber/cable possible to fixed installations

– may be used as wireless base stations

Terrestrial wireless preferred in coastal waters and in the vicinity of offshore base stations (<20-100 km, depending on capacity requirements) – WiFi/WLAN (extremely short range; harbours & similar…) – GSM/3G LTE/4G – WiMAX – Digital VHF (low bandwidth)

Satellite communications (SatCom) at deep sea

GEO satellites limitations

Theoretical limit for geostationary (GEO) satellites (same longitude) (0o elevation, ~81oN )

5o elevation with optimum GEO satellite position (same longitude) (~76oN)

Practical problems with 'standard' GEO SatCom beyond ~70-76oN experienced (< 6-8o elevation)

Only low-rate data Iridium !

How to mitigate the Arctic challenges?

On Site

Close Range

Long Range

Communication

Technologicalpossibilites

Application groups

Use

rgr

oups

Satellite

and Terrestrial

Sensors, W

iFi, M

obile

VH

F, H

F/M

F, W

iMA

X, ..

Traffic, e-Navigation, Surveillance, Operations

SAR, Monitoring, IO

Condition monitoring

Gov

ernm

ent,

Ope

ratio

nce

ntre

, Hyd

/Met

, etc

.

Pas

seng

ers,

Arc

ticO

pera

tors

Cre

wan

d pa

ssen

gers

What do we really need….?

• Methodology for identification of information and communication needs • Improved concepts for information sharing

− In time − In right amounts − To the right persons

• Improved data sources for operations and planning − MetOcean: Weather, current, waves, ice, icing for weather forecasts and operations for design and planning − Sea charts: − Improved data gathering − New methods and technologies?

• New communication systems − Long term solutions − Intermediate solutions

NOAA

The Norwegian Hydrographic Service

Methodology for identification of information and communication needs

MOT

1. Scenario description

2. If-then-else

3. Sequence description

4. Information flow

1. Coverage

2. Capacity

3. QoS

1. Communication scenarios 2. Requirement analysis

Integration and cooperation – Shared Situational Awareness

Integrated Planning – Improved collaboration between operating company and subcontractors Challenges related to planning at an asset: • Lack of coordination of activities and plans across

domains and organizations • Sub-optimal prioritization of activities

Objectives • To improve integration of the planning process and

plans focusing on interaction/collaboration between operating company and subcontractors • To develop knowledge about how an holistic approach and the Integrated Planning Concept can

contribute to improve planning across organizational boundaries

Status • Pilot/case study: Collaboration between Aker Solution (MMO-Maintenance, Modification,

Operation) and Statoil • Is planned to start in autumn 2012 (as part of IO2 Integrated Planning and Logistics)

18

The MARINTEK WiCAN© Concept (Wireless Coastal Area Network)

Satellites (HEO ?)

Terrestrial: • Cellular • WBB • WNB

Mesh Networking

Mobile Multi-hop Relay (MMR)

Internet

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Satellite orbits

• LEO: Low Earth Orbit (Altitude: 200 - 2000 km) • MEO: Medium Elliptical Orbit (Altitude 2.000-GEO, normally: 10.000-20.000 km) • GEO: Geostationary Orbit (Altitude: 35.786 km) • HEO: High Elliptical Orbit (Altitude: 500-50.000 km)

Tundra

GEO

MEO

LEO

HEO

Apogeum

Perigeum

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The Earth seen from satellites

GEO HEO:

Molniya orbit (apogeum)

Categories of High Altitude Platforms (HAPs) High Altitude Platform Station (HAPS) is defined in Radio Regulations (RR) No. S1.66A as “A station located on an object at an altitude of 20 – 50 km and at a specified, nominal fixed point relative to the earth”.

25

Heterogeneous Wireless MultiCarrier Communication System (HeWiMuCS)

Antennas

Antennas enable any radio system contact with the outside world, and thus represent the most crucial elements regarding system performance A poorly performing antenna deteriorates a radio system's

performance significantly, and may disable it completely These facts seem currently to be disremembered, as antennas and other decisive radio sub-units have become assembly-line products, which comprise increasingly more entities being highly important to our everyday life - our electromagnetic environment thus becoming progressively dense with the proliferation of unintentional and intentional signals and interferences Consequently ever more information and sophistication are

required from radio systems, and the demands on antenna performance are steadily increasing

Summary

• The Arctic introduces challenges to maritime operations which require new organisational and technological solutions

• Information sharing for increased shared situational awareness is and will become more an more important!

− We need to trust to the information sources…. − We need to commit to our partners and the operation through information sharing…. − We need to avoid information overload…. − Timing is everyting….

• The communication infrastructure in the Arctic needs to be improved to meet future demands!

Thank you for listening!

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Thank you for your attention! Beate Kvamstad MARINTEK, Norway beate.kvamstad@marintek.sintef.no

Beate Kvamstad, MARINTEK, Norway beate.kvamstad@marintek.sintef.no