identification of medicinal and aromatic plants suitable for...

Final Report

Project Code 2011SF06

Identification of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants

Suitable for Cultivation and Inclusion in

Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

for the State of Uttrakhand

Submitted to

State Medicinal Plants Board (SMPB)

Uttarakhand, Dehradun

Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

ii

Principal Investigator

Dr. Syed Arif Wali

Project Team

Mr. Anirban Ganguly, Mr.Siddharth Edake, Mr. B.S. Negi, Dr. G. R. Gargya, Mr. Bhupal

Singh, Ms. Arpna Arora

Photo credit Cover Page:

Chamomile, Mint, Lemon Grass, Sarpagandha, Satawari, Kutki

Shri. S.K.Singh, CCF (Research), Haldwani

Damask Rose

Mr. Nirpendra Chauhan, Centre for Aromatic Plants, Uttrakhand

Atees, Tagar, Kuth

Dr. Umeshkumar Tiwari- FRLHT, Bangalore

*Credit for inside photos: Mentioned in each respective photograph

© The Energy and Resources Institute 2013

For more information

Dr Syed Arif Wali, Fellow Tel. 2468 2100 or 2468 2111

TERI, Darbari Seth Block E-mail [email protected]

IHC Complex, Lodhi Road Fax 2468 2144 or 2468 2145

New Delhi – 110 003 Web www.teriin.org

India India +91 • Delhi (0)11


iii

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments ........................................................................................................................ v

Abbreviation and Acronyms ..................................................................................................... vii

Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 1

Objectives of the study ................................................................................................................. 1

Tasks ............................................................................................................................................... 1

Methodology .................................................................................................................................. 1

Review of secondary information ........................................................................................ 2

Develop criteria for prioritization of MAPs ........................................................................ 2

Market survey ......................................................................................................................... 3

Validation in the field ............................................................................................................ 4

Expert Consultation ............................................................................................................... 6

Economic analysis ................................................................................................................ 13

Approach ............................................................................................................................... 14

Methodology ......................................................................................................................... 14

Findings of the study .................................................................................................................. 14

Review of secondary information ...................................................................................... 14

Market Survey Analysis and prioritization of species .................................................... 17

List of MAPs selected for cultivation and afforestation/agroforestry ........................... 22

Economic analysis ................................................................................................................ 39

Sources of supply.................................................................................................................. 41

Training workshop ............................................................................................................... 41

Conclusion ................................................................................................................................... 41

Suggestions for promoting cultivation .................................................................................... 42

Overall Limitations of MAPs Sector ......................................................................................... 44

Limitations of the Study ............................................................................................................. 45

Recommendations ....................................................................................................................... 45

Way Forward ............................................................................................................................... 45

Suggested roadmap and time frame to achieve the objectives of the study ....................... 47

References .................................................................................................................................... 47

Annexure 1 Survey format to collect information on plant materials / extracts used by traders/ suppliers/ Industries using plant based raw materials in their establishment ................................................................................................................................................. 51

Annexure 2 Study format for collecting information from cultivators of MAPs ............... 55

Annexure 3 List of industries contacted for the market survey ........................................... 63

Annexure 4 List of traders/ suppliers contacted for the market survey ............................ 71

Annexure 5 Survyed farmers cultivating MAP in Uttara Khand State ............................... 75


iv

Annexure 6 Market Demand (MT) of Medicinal and Aromatic herbs, tree, shrub and climber species .................................................................................................................................... 79

Annexure 8: Details of various Aromatic Plants Economics obtained from CAP (Centre for Aromatic Plant), Selaqui, Dehradun .................................................................................. 86

Annexure 9: Details of various Aromatic Plants Economics obtained from FFDC (Fragrance and Flavour Development Centre), Kannauj. .................................................................. 87

Annexure 10 a: Demask Rose Economics obtained from IHBT, Palampur (Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur), Himachal Pradesh. ......................... 89

Annexure 10 b: BCR of some important plant as per the details obtained from CAP, Selaqui, Dehradun ............................................................................................................................... 89

Annexure 11: Yield per hectare of MAPs Species................................................................... 91

Annexure 12: Cost of Cultivation of MAPs Species ............................................................... 93

Annexure 14: Selected MAPs and Subsidy provided by State and Central Government for Cultivation ............................................................................................................................. 99

Annexure 15: Consultation meetings with experts .............................................................. 101

Annexure 16: Field Interactions with Traders and Farmers ............................................... 107

Annexure 17: Farms Fields of selected medicinal and aromatic Plant Species ................ 115

List of Tables

Table 1 Stakeholders for the market survey and the locations of the survey ....................... 3

Table 2 List of villages selected for primary survey in Garhwal region ............................... 5

Table 3 List of villages selected for primary survey in Kumaon region ............................... 6

Table 4 List of Experts consulted for identification of MAP‟s ................................................ 7

Table 5 List of 26 Prioritized species for cultivation in Uttrakhand state by Govt. of Uttrakhand ............................................................................................................................ 16

Table 6 List of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Species submitted to experts ..................... 18

Table 7 Experts Recommendation for Cultivation ................................................................. 23

Table 8 Selected species for cultivation on the basis of different criteria ............................ 26

Table 9 Different expert‟s recommendation for Afforestation/Agroforestry .................... 29

Table 10 Selected Medicinal Plants for Afforestation/Agroforestry .................................. 31

Table 11 List of plants which shows the potential for cultivation ....................................... 33

Table 12 List of plants which shows the potential for Afforestation /Agroforestry ......... 35

Table 13 Ecological Zone wise recommended and potential species of MAPs .................. 37

Table 14 Economic Analysis of selected Medicinal Herbs for cultivation .......................... 40

Figure 2 Benefit cost ratio of the Medicinal plant species ..................................................... 40

Table 15 Economic Analysis of selected Aromatic Herbs for cultivation ........................... 40

Table 16 Selected 10 Species for manual Preparation as per TOR ....................................... 45

Table 17 Suggested 5 species for manual preparation by Review committee ................... 46


v

Acknowledgments

We are thankful to the project authorities of Uttrakhand State Medicinal Plant Board (SMPB)

for awarding us the consultancy for Identification of MAPs suitable for cultivation and

inclusion in afforestation and income generation programme.

We are particularly grateful to Mr. R. C. Sharma, Chief Executive Officer, SMPB,

Uttarakhand and Dr.Rakesh Shah (IFS), Chairman, State Biodiversity Board, Uttrakhand for

their continuous support during the conduct of this study.

We thank Dr. R. B. S. Rawat, PCCF, and Uttarakhand Forest department for providing

valuable suggestions throughout the study.

We thank Dr. S. Farooq, President, Himalaya Drug Company, Dehradun, Dr. S. K. Patra, President and CEO, Mr.Pratesh Panwar, Production Manager, Mr. K.K. Mishra, Senior

Manager, PatanjaliAyurved Ltd, Haridwar, Dr. Baba, CEO, Dabur India Limited, New

Delhi, Dr.Asad Mueed, Director, Hamdard (Wakf) Laboratories, New Delhi, Dr.Sudhakar Agarwal, Director, EnvinBioceuticalsPvt. Ltd, Saharanpur, Dr.Amit Agarwal, Director,

Natural Remedies Pvt. Ltd; Bangalore

We are extremely grateful to Mr. N.S. Chauhan, Scientist In charge, CAP, Selaqui, Dr. R.K. Srivastava, Head, Biotech and IPFC, FFDC, Kannauj, Dr. A.K. Singh, CIMAP, Lucknow, Dr.

S.K. Chandola (IFS), Managing Director, Uttarakhand Forest Development Cooperation,

Dehradun, Sh. S.K Singh (IFS), CCF (Research), Haldwani, Dr. H.B. Naithani, Scientist (Retd.), FRI, Dehradun, Dr. A.K. Badoni, Secretary, and Dr. Kiran Badoni, Society for

Himalayan Environmental Research, Dehradun, Dr. Bupendra Singh Adhikari, Scientist E,

WII, Dehradun, Dr. M.C. Nautiyal, Head, High Altitude Plant Physiology Research Centre, Srinagar, Dr. Vijay Prasad Bhatt, Scientist, HRDI, Gopeshwar, Uttrakhand, Dr R.P. Kala, Rtd

DFO, Dehradun, Dr. R.R. Rao, CSIR Emeritus Scientist for shortlisting the prioritized species

for Uttrakhand.

We are extremely thankful to Experts from FRLHT, Balgalore, Dr. D. K. Ved, (IFS) Advisor,

Dr. Abdul Kareem, Assistant Director, FRLHT and National Project Manager, UNDP-GEF

Project, Govt of India, Dr.Vanugopalan Nair, Assistant Director, Dr.Umeshkumar Tiwari, Senior Research Fellow, Dr. K. Ravi Kumar, Assistant Director for their unstinting support

in providing overall guidance and suggestions from time to time.

We also would like to thank Dr. J.S. Rawat, IUCN, New Delhi, Country Head and Former

Director HRDI, Dr. A. K. Panday, Scientist F and Head NWFP Division, Tropical Forest

Research Institute (TFRI), Jabalpur, Dr Promode Kant, Former Addl. PCCF and Director,

Institute of Green Economy, New Delhi, Prof. Mohd. Anis, Chairman Department of Botany, AMU, Aligarh, Prof. Wazahat Husain, (Plant Taxonomist), AMU, Aligarh Dr. Ramesh

Chandra Uniyal, Project Consultant, for their expert advice for selecting MAPs and kind

cooperation throughout the study.

We are obliged to Mr. M.M Joshi, Distinguished Fellow, TERI, New Delhi, Mr. A.S. Negi,

Former Addl. PCCF, Uttarakhand, Chief Wild Life Warden and presently Consultant of

TERI, Mr Arvind Rana, Field Manager, TERI Mukteshwar and Mr. Narayan Singh, Project Manager, TERI Mukteshwar for their technical inputs during the conduct of the study as

well as for providing valuable comments and suggestions during the review of the report.

We extend our thanks to the Mr. M. S. Gusain, Project Coordinator and Dr. Pankaj Shukla, Finance Officer, SMPB in providing continuous support

http://intranet:38374/pages/People-Search-Name.aspx?str=arvind


vi

We are indebted to all the industrialists, traders and growers for their valuable inputs and

their active participation during interaction.

Special thanks are due to Dr. Prodipto Ghosh (IAS), Director, Earth Science and Climate

Change, TERI for his support and encouragement.


vii

Abbreviation and Acronyms

Abbreviation and Acronyms

Description

A Ayurveda

AYUSH Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, Sowa Rigpa and Homoeopathy, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India

(Formerly Department of ISM &H)

B Beverages

BCR Benefit Cost Ratio

C Cosmetics

CAMP Conservation Assessment and Management Prioritization

CAP Centre for Aromatic Plants, Selaqui, Dehradun

CERPA Centre for Research, Planning & Action, New Delhi

CIMAP Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants

CR Critically Endangered

Cu Culinary

EN Endangered

F Folk

FFDC Fragrance and Flavor Development Centre, Kannauj

FRI Forest Research Institute, Dehradun

FRLHT Foundation for Revitalisation of Local Health Tradition, Bengaluru

FS Food Supplements

GEF Global Environment Facility

GIZ Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (German Society for

International Cooperation)

GoI Govt of India

H Homoeopathy

hac Hectare

http://www.thegef.org/gef/home


viii

Abbreviation

and Acronyms

Description

HAPPRC High Altitude Plant Physiology Research Centre, Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University

HD High Demand

HRDI Herbal Research Development Institute, Gopeshwar

IHBT Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, HP

IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature, New Delhi

I-AIM Institute of Ayurveda & Integrative Medicine, Bengaluru

Kg Kilogram

LD Low Demand

lit liter

MAPs Medicinal and Aromatic Plants

MD Moderate Demand

MOEF Ministry of Environment and Forests, New Delhi

MoRD Ministry of Rural Development

MT Metric Tonnes

NAEB National Afforestation and Eco-Development Board

NMPB National Medicinal Plant Board, New Delhi

NT Near Threatened

NWFP Non Wood Forest Produce

O Oils

P Perfumery

Ph Pharmaceutical

QPM Quality Planting Material

R&D Research and Development

RL Red List

http://www.google.co.in/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&ved=0CC8QFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fenvfor.nic.in%2F&ei=er9HUvSlHY_NrQeGioHoCg&usg=AFQjCNFqVOn_dIBDnGhuuMbKQ-rnko2few&sig2=-1Cl0fM8cGtP96P5pQAD5A&bvm=bv.53217764,d.bmk


ix

Abbreviation

and Acronyms

Description

S Siddha

SMPB State Medicinal Plant Board, Uttrakhand

T Tibetan

TERI The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi

TFRI Tropical Forest Research Institute, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh

U Unani

UFDC Uttrakhand Forest Development Corporation

UNDP United Nations Development Programme, New Delhi

VU Vulnerable


1

Identification of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes

Introduction The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) has been awarded a project titled „Identification

of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (MAPs) suitable for cultivation and inclusion in

afforestation and income generation programmes of NAEB, MoRD and state agencies‟. The project is a component of the GoI, UNDP-GEF Project “Mainstreaming conservation and

sustainable use of medicinal plant diversity in three Indian states”. The UNDP-GEF project

is implemented in the state of Uttarakhand, Arunachal Pradesh and Chhattisgarh. The project aims to mainstream long-term conservation, sustainable and equitable use of

medicinal plant diversity into forest management policy and practice at the national, state

and local level.

TERI has been awarded the component, “Identification of MAPs suitable for cultivation and

inclusion in afforestation and income generating programmes for the state of Uttarakhand.”

Objectives of the study The objectives of the study awarded to TERI was to identify approximately 5-6 species each

of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (MAPs) suitable for cultivation & inclusion in

afforestation programmes and income generation programmes. The overall goal of study was to identify MAPs suitable to be promoted on a large scale for cultivation and

afforestation programmes to augment livelihood of the communities.

Tasks The tasks assigned to TERI were as follows:

1. Develop criteria for prioritization of MAPs for cultivation and afforestation

programs.

2. Prepare state-wise priority lists of potential species for cultivation and afforestation

from primary and secondary sources (5-6 species of medicinal plants and 5-6 species

of aromatic plants) for commercial cultivation for the state, based on market study and comparative returns to the growers of the state in different geographical zones

(alpine, temperate and sub-tropical) of Uttarakhand.

3. Validate and finalise the priority lists through field/market surveys.

4. Collate from published sources cultivation/ plantation packages in respect of

selected species, and bring out available packages in the form of a manual.

5. Training of concerned staff/ farmer groups.

Methodology The step-wise methodology that was adopted to conduct the study is discussed in detail as

given below:


2

Review of secondary information

The foremost step followed for conducting the assignment was review and analysis of secondary information. For this, published and unpublished literatures available in the

public domain viz. documents of client, scientific papers, articles, reports, books etc. were

reviewed. Review of studies of similar nature carried out by different researchers was also done. Information on market analysis and comparative return to growers in the different

regions of Uttarakhand was reviewed and analysed. This along with primary data collected

from the field formed an important data source for conducting the economic analysis.

In Uttarakhand, lot of organization and institutes are working on medicinal and aromatic

plants. Some of them are well known for this sector. During our study, we have contacted

these institutes and collected their published information. All the information is being used

in this report.

Develop criteria for prioritization of MAPs

There were lot of discussion and arguments to select the criteria for prioritization of MAP‟s. Every criterion has its merits and limitations. After long discussion the broad criteria that

were adopted to identify the prioritized list of MAPs suitable for cultivation and

afforestation for the state of Uttarakhand were:

Profitability factor

Availability of planting material

Agro technology (published, reliable and tested)

Market demand /supply position and future projections

Scope for value addition / processing

Farmers acceptability

Utilization range (single or multisector)

History of cultivation

Crop suitability to State (in terms of agro-climatic conditions)

Apart from above we also considered factors like:

Conservation status & Ecological factors

Technical support available in concerned organisations

Level of ease for cultivation and shelf life of produce

Infrastructure for producing planting material

Price fluctuation pattern

Yield and gestation period

Cost of cultivation

Government subsidy (Vetted by SMPB and NMPB)


3

Market survey

A market survey was conducted to determine the MAPs traded and were of trade importance for the state. For the purpose of the study two level market surveys were

conducted

Regional market survey and

National market survey

The regional market survey was conducted in the regional mandis (markets) at Rishikesh,

Tanakpur, Ramnagar as well as Dehradun and Haridwar. Khari Baoli at Delhi was selected as a representative site for the national level trading centre for raw MAPs.

Selection of traders/ suppliers/ industries using plant based raw materials

The following documents were referred for shortlisting the traders/suppliers and industries for the market survey.

List of Growers, Manufacturers, Exporters and Traders provided by the Uttarakhand

Medicinal Plant Board (SMPB)

HRDI Farmers Bulletin Booklet titled „Herbal Uttaranchal: Present market Scenario‟

dated 2007.

List of Ayurveda/ Siddha/ Unani licenced manufacturing units provided by Department of Health, AYUSH, Uttarakhand

List of Allotted–Pharma City Selaqui provided by the State Infrastructure and

Industrial Development Corporation of Uttarakhand Ltd

List of Growers Manufacturers Exporters and Traders available on the website of the

National Medicinal Plant Board (NMPB)

List provided by CAP, Dehradun for Aromatic sector

Thirty eight traders/ suppliers of MAPs were shortlisted for the regional and national level

market survey. Other than traders, approximately sixty three industries using plant based

raw materials located in Dehradun, Selaqui, Haridwar and Rishikesh, New Delhi were shortlisted for assessing raw material (plant based) demand in their units. Industries using

plant based raw materials were another important stakeholder for our study. Table 1

provides brief information on the important stakeholders for the market survey and the locations were the surveys were conducted.

Table 1 Stakeholders for the market survey and the locations of the survey

Stakeholder Locations

Traders/ Suppliers Regional- Rishikesh, Ramnagar, Tanakpur, Dehradun, Haridwar,

National- Delhi

Industries Regional- Dehradun, Haridwar, Ramnagar, Saharanpur

National- Delhi


4

Designing of questionnaires for collection of data

A semi-structured questionnaire survey format (see Annexure 1) was designed to collect detailed information of plant materials / extracts used by industries/ traders/ suppliers in

their establishment. The different information collected were

Information on the major medicinal plants / extracts used/ handled by each respondent

quantum of material used/ traded volume

place of procurement (% of the plant material procured from the state), reasons for procurement from other states

source (whether collected from wild/ cultivated or supplied by trader/

manufacturer/ supplier, part of the plant used/ traded

Discussion with traders/ suppliers

Discussion with major traders/ suppliers in the major trading hubs of the regional

marketing centres of Uttarakhand like Dehradun, Haridwar, Tanakpur and Ramnagar, was conducted to have an understanding of the major MAPs traded and of trade importance for

the state. To have an understanding of the trading mechanism and important MAPs traded,

Khari Baoli in Delhi was selected as a representative national trading centre for the purpose of the study. See Annexure 4 for the list of traders/ suppliers contacted for the market

survey.

Discussion with industries

Discussions with few selected industries using plant based raw materials were carried out to

find out the demand of plant based raw materials used in their units. For this on-site visit,

telephonic calls and email exchanges were carried out. Considering the nature of trade and use of raw MAPs and their extracts, the record of utilization of raw material by Ayurveda or

Siddha or Unani Licensed manufacturing Units submitted to the Department of Health

AYUSH under the mandated Drug and Cosmetic (First Amendment) Rules, 2008, was used to triangulate and validate information shared by the selected industries. Please see

Annexure 3 for the list of industries selected for the study.

Validation in the field

To have an understanding of the ground realities and to have first-hand information on the

different costs, benefits, problems, faced by farmers cultivating MAPs at the time of the

study, a primary survey was conducted. A survey format (see Annexure 2) was specifically designed to collect information from the cultivators. For this 14 villages spread across three

districts in Garhwal and 13 villages spread across three districts in Kumaon region were

selected. The list of farmers registered for cultivation provided by HRDI, and list of cultivators from the NMPB website and further discussion with the master trainers of HRDI

and CAP provided a base for selection of the villages for the market survey. Table 2 and 3

provides a list of villages selected for primary survey in the Garhwal and Kumaon region respectively.

Broadly the region constitutes of 13 districts falling in two major administrative units viz.,

Garhwal (northwest portion) and Kumaon (southeast portion). Garhwal Division consists of

7 districts, i.e. Dehradun, Haridwar, Uttarkashi, Tehri, Pauri, Rudra Prayag and Chamoli


5

while remaining 6 districts viz., Pithoragarh, Bageshwar, Almora, Nainital, Champawat and

Udham Singh Nagar fall in Kumaon division.

Figure 1 Uttarakhand and its districts

Table 2 List of villages selected for primary survey in Garhwal region

S. No. List of villages Block District

1 Bhandroli Kalsi Dehradun

2 VyasBhood Kalsi Dehradun

3 Dhakrani(Dehat) Vikasnagar Dehradun

4 Kharsali Naugaon Uttarkashi

5 Mirg Joshimath Chamoli

6 Naugaon Naugaon Uttarkashi

7 Nisari Naugaon Uttarkashi

8 Osala Mori Uttarakashi

9 Phali Ghaat Chamoli


6

S. No. List of villages Block District

10 ParteetpurKalyanpur Vikasnagar Dehradun

11 Rainiwalli Joshimath Chamoli

12 Ramani Ghaat Chamoli

13 Rana Naugaon Uttarkashi

14 Saur Mori Uttarkashi

Table 3 List of villages selected for primary survey in Kumaon region

S. No. Name of village Block District

1 Ramari Kapkot Bageshwar

2 Supi Kapkot Bageshwar

3 Banbasa Champawat Champawat

4 Bastiya Champawat Champawat

5 BhaesaKhal Champawat Champawat

6 DhuraChaurakot Champawat Champawat

7 Ghigharukot Champawat Champawat

8 Gudhmi Champawat Champawat

9 Jaul Champawat Champawat

10 Managhare Kham Dhari Nainital

11 ShundarKhal Dhari Nainital

12 Kamaluwa Ganja Gaur Haldwani Nainital

13 Gulzarpur Kotabagh Nainital

Expert Consultation

Discussions with the list of experts from various organizations and institutions were carried

out so that the list of selected plants can be vetted and the list can be further filtered through

consultation meetings.The list of experts who were consulted included scientists, academicians, policy makes, forest department officials and research scholars. The detailed

list is provided in table 4.


7

Table 4 List of Experts consulted for identification of MAP‟s

S/No Name Designation and Address with contact No and e-mail

1 Dr. R. B.S. Rawat, IFS Principal Chief Conservator of Forest,

85, Rajpur Road, Dehradun, Uttrakhand

0135-2746934

E.mail:[email protected]

2 Dr. Rakesh Shah, IFS

Chairman,

State Biodiversity Board, 108/Phase-II, Vasant Vihar,

Dehra Dun, Uttarakhand, India-248001

Telefax: 0135-2769886; Mobile: 09411112323

Email :[email protected]

3 Dr. S.K.Chandola, IFS Managing Director

Uttarakhand Forest Development Corporation

Aranya Vikas Bhawan, 73, Nehru Road, Dehra Dun, Uttarakhand

- INDIA, PIN 248001

Ph : 91-135-2657610 ; Mobile: 09412054439; Fax : 91-135-2655488

E-mail: [email protected],[email protected]

4 Sh. S.K.Singh, IFS Chief Conservator of Forests (Research)

Haldwani, Nainital

Mobile:09412076135

Email: [email protected]

5 Dr. H.B. Naithani Scientist (Retd.), Plant Taxonomist

Forest Research Institute

Post New Forest

Dehradun (Uttarakhand)

Ph. 0135-2224492; Mob #: 09411137876

E-mail: [email protected]

6 Mr. Nirpendra Chauhan Scientist Incharge

Centre for Aromatic Plants

Industrial Estate-Selaqui- 248 197

Dehradun, Uttarkhand

Telefax: 0135 2698305

Mobile: 09837006749

mailto:[email protected]



8


E.mail: [email protected],

7 Dr. D.K.Ved, IFS (Retd.) Advisor,

Foundation for Revitalisation of Local Health Traditions

(FRLHT),

74/2 Jarakabande Kaval,

P.O- Attur, Via – Yelahanka ,

Bengaluru – 560 064.

Tel: 080 2856 8007


8 Dr. R. Raghavendra Rao CSIR Emeritus Scientist, Central Institute of Medicinal and

Aromatic Plants, Allalasandra, GKVK PO, Bengaluru -560065

E.mail: [email protected], [email protected], Ph:

09448852356

9 Dr. Bupendra Singh Adhikari Scientist - E

Wildlife Institute of India

Post Box # 18, Chandrabani

Dehradun 248001, Uttarakhand

Phone: 0135-2640111-115, Extn: 128

Mobile No: 09412056031


10 Dr. Abdul Kareem Assistant Director and National Project Manager, UNDP-GEF

Project, Govt of India

Center for Conservation of Natural Resources

Institute of Ayurveda & Integrative Medicine (I-AIM)

74/2. Jaraka Bande Kaval, via Yelahanka

Bengaluru - 560106


11 Prof. M.C. Nautiyal Director

High Altitude Plant Physiology Research Centre (HAPPRC)

Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University

Srinagar District - Pauri Garhwal

(Uttarakhand) India – 246174

Telephone : 01346-252143 (o)

12 Dr. A.K.Badoni Secretary, Society for Himalayan Environmental Research

(SHER), Lane 3, Turner Road, Dehradun-248002, Uttarakhand







9


Phone: 0135 2644202

Email:[email protected]

13 Dr. Kiran Badoni Society for Himalayan Environmental Research (SHER), Lane 3,

Turner Road, Dehradun-248002, Uttarakhand

Mobile: 08006058905


14 Dr. S. Farooq President

The Himalaya Drug Company, Dehardun.

E. mail: [email protected]

Mobile: 09837686102 (PA), Fax: 91-135-2640264

15 Dr. Asad Mueed DIRECTOR, HAMDARD (WAKF) LABORATORIES

Hamdard Building, 2a/3, Asaf Ali Road,

New Delhi-100002,

Ph: 91-011-23239801, 23239802, 23239803


16 Dr. N.B. Brindavanam (Dr.

Baba)

DGM, Bioresource Division

Dabur India Limited.

Ph. 9810705066


17 Dr. S.K. Patra President and CEO

Patanjali Ayurved Ltd & Patanjali Food and Herbal Park (P) Ltd.

Padartha, Haridwar-249404, UK;

Ph. 91 1334 286470, Mobile: 09811332388; Fax 286471


18 Dr. Amit Agarwal Director,

Natural Remedies Pvt. Ltd., Bengaluru

E.mail: [email protected]

19 Dr. Sudhakar Agarwal Director,

ENVIN BIOCEUTICALS PVT. LTD

P.B. No. 203, Sharda Nagar, Saharanpur, Saharanpur - 247001,

Uttar Pradesh, India

E.mail. [email protected]


mailto:%[email protected]




10


20 Dr. Sunil Sah Scientist C




Mobile: 09411110736


21 Mr. Rakesh Kumar Yadav Scientist B




Mobile: 07351002026


22 Dr. R. C. Sundriyal

Former Director, HRDI

Scientist, G.B. Pant institute of Himalayan and Development,

Kosi, Almora

23 Dr. R.P.Kala DFO (Rtd), 3/120, Indira Enclave, Harbanswala

Mobile : 09837424419

Email:[email protected]

24 Dr. S. N.Venugopalan Nair Assistant Director




Bengaluru - 560106


25 Dr. K. Ravikumar Assistant Director




Bengaluru - 560106


26 Dr. J. S. Rawat IUCN Head, Anand Lok, New Delhi and Former Director ,

HRDI, Gopashwar

27 Dr. A. K. Panday Scientist F and Head NWFP Division, Tropical Forest research

Institute, Jabalpur (MP). E.mail: [email protected]



11


28 Prof Mohammad Anis Chairman, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University,

Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, Aligarh

E. mail: [email protected], [email protected], Mobile:

09837305566

29 Prof Wazahat Husain Ex member of Unani Pharmacopoeia Committee, Ministry of

Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, Ex Member

of Ayurveda Siddha, Unani Technical Advisory Board

(ASUTAB), Ex member of Governing Body CCRUM,, Ministry

of Health and Prof & Chairman (Retired), Botany Department

AMU Aligarh,

E mail: [email protected]; Ph. 09412593485

30 Dr. Pramode Kant, IFS (Retd.) Former Addl. PCCF (Tamil Nadu) & Director, Institute of Green

Economy, New Delhi, Phone No: 09873437021, Email:

[email protected]

31 Dr. R. K. Singh Head, Biotec and IPFC

FFDC (Fragrance and Flavour Development Centre),

Min of MSME, Govt of India, Kannauj-209726


32 Dr. Vijay Prasad Bhatt Scientist, HRDI, Gopeshwar, Uttrakhand

Mobile: 09412082003; E.mail: [email protected]

33 Dr. Gopi Chand In charge and Head of Agronomy Division, IHBT, Palampur,

Himachal Pradesh.

Mobile: 09805537625


34 Dr. Ramesh Srivastava Scientist, FFDC, Kannouj, UP,

Phone: 08004743355

35 Mr. Naveen Kumar Sharma Commercial Executive

Goodcare Pharma Pvt. Ltd

B-1, Sara Industrial Estate, Chhotarampur,

Seilaqui, Dehradun, Uttarakhand-248197,

Ph. Off. : (0315) 2698595


36 Mr. M.S. Gusain

Project Coordinator,

Govt. of India, UNDP-GEF Project

State Medicinal Plants Board, Uttarakhand






12


Post Office: New Forest

94, Vasant Vihar, Phase-II

Dehradun (Uttarkhand)-248 006

TELEFAX : +91-135-2769918

37 Dr. Ramesh Chandra Uniyal Project consultant,

#D/3/10, Platinum City,

New HMT Road, Yeshwanthpur,

Bangalore-560022, Karnataka

E. mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Mobile: 9900983814, 9811403814

38 Dr. Umeshkumar Tiwari Senior Research Fellow,




Bengaluru – 560106, Ph: 09411313351

E.mail:[email protected], [email protected]

39 Dr. Mayaram Uniyal Formal advisor to the Chief Minister of Uttarakhand

Presently Director, Maharshi Ayurved Products

SEZ, Noida, Uttar Pradesh

40 Mr. K.K. Mishra Senior Manager/Head,

Public Relations


Padartha, Haridwar-249404, Uttarakhand;

Ph. 911334 265370


41 Mr. Pratesh Panwar (Mantri) Production Manager


Padartha, Haridwar-249404, Uttarakhand;

Ph. 8449449111


42 HRDI Gopeshwar, Uttrakhand

43 CIMAP Regional Centre, Bageshwar, Uttrakhand






13


44 CIMAP Lucknow

45 IIIM Regional Centre, Jammu, J & K

46 GIZ Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit ( German

Society for International Cooperation) Hotel Indralok, Rajpur

Road, Dehradun

47 CAP Centre for Aromatic Plants



48 IHBT Herbal Research Development Institute, Palampur, Himachal

Pradesh

49 FRLHT Foundation for Revitalisation of Local Health Tradition

Centre for Conservation of Natural Resources



Bengaluru - 560106

50 TFRI Tropical Forest Research Institute, Jabalpur (Madhya Pradesh)

51 FRI Forest Research Institute, Dehradun

52 IUCN Anand Lok, New Delhi

53 FFDC Fragrance & Flavour Development Centre, Kannaouj, UP

54 Bhesaj Vikas Ikai EC Road, Dehardun, Uttarakhand

55 Divisional Forest Officers Mussoorie, Bageshwar, Badrinath, Upper Yamuna, Tons and

Chakrata forest divisions.

Stakeholder consultation

A stakeholder consultation was conducted at the Shri Hari Krishi Kutir Udhyog Avam Grameen Prayatan Pradarshni at Munsyari, Pithoragarh District, Uttarakhand to present the

preliminary findings of the study and get feedback from the stakeholders. The participants

included farmers from the neighbouring villages, representatives from CAP, HRDI and Bhesaj Sangh.

Economic analysis

Economic analysis for most of the prioritized species for Uttarakhand was done. For some species economic analysis could not be carried due to lack of data. The approach and

methodology adapted for the economic analysis is briefed below:


14

Approach

The net return to the cultivator has been used as one of the criteria for prioritization of the medicinal plant species. Cultivators/ collectors typically receive low returns as compared to

the final market price due to significant mark-ups in the trading route, and the unorganized

and diffuse modes of marketing. This results in unsustainable extraction patterns and/or low incentives for cultivation. It is therefore important to assess the economic returns to

cultivators for the set of species that have been shortlisted based on demand by end users.

The net returns for selected medicinal plant species have been calculated based on estimates of market prices and the costs of cultivation. Since a majority of the species have a gestation

period of 10 years or less, a time horizon of 10 years has been used for benefit-cost

calculations as a general principle. It is possible that there would be multiple cultivation cycles during this time frame; the analysis includes all benefits accruing during the 10 year

time horizon irrespective of the number of cycles so that results can be meaningfully

compared across species.

Methodology

The economic analysis has been carried out with the following broad steps:

Step 1: The gross returns are calculated based on input cost estimates and the market price estimates suitably adjusted for trade margins, wherever necessary. The time trends for

prices have been computed for selected species; however no significant trends were

observed, and all values are therefore reported in current year prices. The yields are converted to annual figures, taking into account the number of harvests in a year in case of

multiple harvests. It is assumed that there is no change in the annual yield as reported in

published literature or as observed in the field.

Step 2: The input costs are based on available published literature, validated in several cases

by primary surveys. The costs have been adjusted for inflation wherever applicable. For

such adjustment, the Consumer Price Index for Agricultural and Rural Labourers is used. The costs are classified into fixed and recurring, and based on an analysis of costs for annual,

biennial and perennial species, 55-65% of total costs have been booked as recurring costs in

the analysis.

Step 3: The benefit streams over 10 years have been computed, since a majority of the

selected species yield benefits over this period. The average gestation period of the selected

species is less than 3 years and hence the assumed time horizon appears reasonable. Besides, it is reasonable to assume that the decision to cultivate a specific species is based on

expected returns over the short run.

Step 4: Undiscounted and discounted (@ 6%) benefit streams are then projected and benefit-cost ratios calculated.

Findings of the study

Review of secondary information

Uttarakhand a predominantly hilly state lying in the Himalayan foothills has abundant

biological resources. The varying altitudinal ranges ranging from the subtropical to the

alpine ranges with varying climatic conditions has made the forest resources of state rich in biological diversity including medicinal and aromatic plants.


15

Globally the use of MAPs has gained importance due to renewed interest in alternative

therapy/ remedies and their limited side effects as compared to their modern counterparts. Rapid growth in demand for plant based raw materials for manufacturing food flavours,

fragrances, perfumes, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and related products has also resulted in

greater demand of MAPs.

With soaring demand of plants having medicinal and aromatic properties, availability of

these species has been impacted in their natural habitats. It is estimated that more than 350

plant species are estimated to be vulnerable and threatened in Uttarakhand, 161 being rare and threatened ones. CAMP workshop was held during May 2003 at Shimla to assess the

threat status of prioritized medicinal plants of Uttarakhand. During this process 60 species

were assigned the Red List (RL) status of near threatened (NT) and above. Out of these 60 species, 16 species have a global RL status as these are endemic to the Himalayan region. 7

species have been assigned Critically Endangered (CR) status, 18 species are Endangered

(EN), 23 species are Vulnerable (VU) and 12 species are Near Threatened (NT). 18 of these Red Listed medicinal plant species have been recorded in high volume trade, as per the

national level trade study. Aconitum heterophyllum, Nardostachys grandiflora and

Picrorhiza kurroa are the highest priority for the state as these are in high volume trade in addition to their Critically Endangered status. Habitat degradation, lack of sustainable

harvesting, unscientific harvesting practices, illegal exploitation and over exploitation to

meet the demands of illegal trade are some of the reasons for the dwindling population of these species in the forests of Uttarakhand.

In such scenario, ex-situ production or cultivation of MAPs offer hopes to curb over

extraction, reduce pressure on forests by enabling the economically important species to

grow undisturbed in their natural habitats, ensure regular supply for trade and conserve the

biodiversity of the region.

Research studies carried out by different scholars on the economics of cultivation of MAPs also show promising results. Though the gestation period of most of the medicinal plants is

long the final return is high as compared with traditional food crop (Mittal 2008).

The Central Government through the Ministries of Health and Family Welfare, Ministry of Agriculture, National Horticulture Mission, Department of Science and Technology and

others has been steadily trying to give a strong push for an herbal movement in the country

andUttarakhand has been a fore runner in it. Two separate institutions under the Department of Horticulture has been established to promote the cultivation of MAPs- the Herbal Research Development Institute (HRDI) at Mandal in Chamoli district to promote and expand the cultivation of medicinal plants and the Centre for Aromatic Plants (CAP) at Selaqui in Dehradun for Aromatic Plants. The State Medicinal Plant Board was established in 2001 for overall co-ordination and development of the herbal sector in the state. The Uttarakhand Forest Development Corporation (UFDC) is assisting in the sustainable collection and marketing of medicinal plants from the wild and the Bhesaj Vikas Ikai (District Development Unit) for capacity building and marketing of cultivated medicinal plants.UFDC hosts an auction periodically at Rishikesh, Ramagar and Tanakpur. However on account of poor participation of buyers these market auctions have so far failed to deliver desired results. HRDI has also been hosting regular individual buyer-seller meets.

In 2000, National Medicinal Plants Board (NMPB) was established to coordinate all matter

related to Medicinal Plants in India. NMPB published list of 32 medicinal plants which were

prioritised for cultivation in India. In 2003, the State Government of Uttarakhand took a


16

formal decision to promote herbal cultivation in the State. As a part of this policy decision,

the Govt. of Uttarakhand prioritized 26 plant species for mass scale cultivation. Subsidy for cultivation of the prioritized species was promoted to boost the process of inducting an

herbal movement in the State (Annx 12). The prioritized species for cultivation are:

Table 5 List of 26 Prioritized species for cultivation in Uttrakhand state by Govt. of

Uttrakhand

S.No. Botanical Name Common name

S.No. Botanical Name Common name

1 Swertia chirayata Chiraita 14 Allium stracheyi Faran

2 Asparagus racemosus Satawari 15 Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium

Pyrethrum

3 Centella asiatica Mandookparni

16 Rubia cordifolia Manjith

4 Picrorhiza kurroa Kutki 17 Coleus barbatus Pattar chur

5 Nardostachys grandiflora

Jatamansi 18 Rosmarinus officinalis Rosemary

6 Valeriana jatamansi Jones

Tagar 19 Pelargonium graveolens Geranium

7 Amomum subulatum Badi Ilaichi 20 Stevia rebaudiana Stevia

8 Aconitum heterophyllum

Atees 21 Gloriosa superba Kalihari

9 Saussurea costus Kuth 22 Silybum marianum Silybum

10 Carum carvi Kala Zira 23 Piper longum Pippali

11 Matricaria chamomilla

Chamomile 24 Bacopa monnieri Brahmi

12 Cymbopogon citratus

Lemon grass 25 Ammi majus Ammi majus

13 Podophyllum hexandrum

Ban kakri 26 Digitalis lanata Tilpushpi

In 2003, Centre for Aromatic Plants was also established by State Government to focus on

Aromatic plants cultivation and value addition. CAP have also promoted some aromatic species for cultivation in state of Uttarakhand. Their list includes – Lemon grass,

Chamomile, Damask Rose, Mint, Geranium, Rosemary, Pachauli, Citronella, etc.

Review of literature on similar studies by different researchers is summarized below. Bisht and Badoni (2009) identified twelve species that were important commercial cultivation and


17

conservation for the district of Uttarkashi. These species were Meetha Vish (Aconitum balfourii), Atees (Aconitum heterophyllum), Gokhru (Tribulus terrestis), Kakrasinghi (Pistacia intergerrina), Berberis (Berberis aristata), Guggul (Tanacetum dolicophyllum),

Gubankh (Angelica archangelica), Chirayata (Swertia chirayata) and Ashvagandha

(Withania somnifera).

Rawat and Vashisth (2012) were shortlisted 32 species suitable for cultivation in the Bhabhar

region of Garhwal Himalayas, Uttarakhand. These species are Ratti (Abrus precatorious),

Atibalaa (Abutilon indicum), Apmarga (Achyranthes aspera), Vasaka (Adhathoda zeylanica), Bel (Aegle marmelos), Kumara (Aloe barbadensis), Neem (Azadirachta indica),

Punarnava (Boehavia diffusa), Semal (Bombax malbarichum), Jal Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri), Palash (Butea monosperma), Amaltas (Cassia fistula), Bargad (Ficus bengalensis), Jamun (Eugenia jambolana), Karu (Holarrhena antidysentrica), Daikan (Melia azedarach), Lajalu

(Mimosa pudica), Arandi (Ricinus communis), Kantakari (Solanum surattense), Giloy (

Tinospora cordifolia), Siwain (Vitex negundo) and Ashwagandha (Withania sonniferra).

Phondani et.al. (2011) were shortlisted the five species viz. Rosemarinus officinalis, Asparagus racemosus, Ocimum basilium, Valeriana jatamansi and Matricaria chamomilla as

high commercial value plants for western Himalayas by conducting a series of participatory rural appraisals with farmers, villagers and traders.

FRLHT Bangalore in 2008 conducted survey for “Demand and supply of medicinal plants in

India”. It was found that following species primarily coming from Himalayan states are under cultivation in the Himalayan states - Inula racemosa (Pushkarmool), Saussurea costus

(Kuth), Picrorhiza kurroa (Kutki), Aconitum heterophyllum (Atees), Valeriana jatamansi (Tagar),

Since many “lists of priorities” have been prepared and published by different

organisations, it is important to review the prioritized species for cultivation, considering

that the 26 species were prioritized in 2006. Also there is no doubt that promotion cultivation of MAPs on a large scale would be successful only if it caters to the market

demand.

Market Survey Analysis and prioritization of species

The prioritization of species suitable for cultivation and afforestation programme for the

state of Uttarakhand was done by analysing data collected from the market survey. The

broad steps used for the analysis of the market survey data is discussed below.

The first step was prioritization of species traded in the market and also used by

herbal based industries in Uttarakhand

The criteria used for prioritization for the two major stakeholders (traders and herbal industries) were as follows:

o The number of industries using each of the species and the average annual

consumption by each of the industry.

o The average annual traded volume for each species for survey with the

trader‟s at major mandis in Uttarakhand viz; Dehradun, Haridwar, Tankpur

and Ramnagar.

From the market survey it was found that approximately 523 species of MAP‟s were traded.

This includes all MAP‟s traded by the selected traders/suppliers and industries selected for

the study. Further review of the trade data showed that some species were insignificant and


18

hence removed. Remaining approximately 100 species were discussed with experts and

species that were not procured from Uttarakhand and not feasible for cultivation in the state were identified. Those species were also removed to bring down the list of cultivable and

marketable MAP species to approximately 85 including Dasmool and Ashtverg species. All

Dasmool and Ashtaverg spp hold good market including local use, important for soil and biodiversity conservation (Table - 6).

Table 6 List of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Species submitted to experts

S.No. Botanical Name Trade name Traded Parts Ecological suitability Afforestation/

Cultivation

1 Aconitum balfourii Meedha Vish Tuber Alpine Cultivation

2 Aconitum heterophyllum Atees Root (Tuber) Sub-Alpine to Alpine Cultivation

3 Acorus calamus Buch Rhizome Sub Tropical Cultivation

4 Allium stracheyi Jammu Faran Leaves and

Inflorescence

Sub-Alpine-Alpine

(Cold Desert)

Cultivation

5 Amomum subulatum Badi ilaichi Fruit Temperate Cultivation

6 Arnebia euchroma Balchadi Root Sub-Alpine Cultivation

7 Arnebia benthamii Lalgadi/

Balchadi

Root Sub-Alpine Cultivation

8 Asparagus racemosus Satawari Root Sub Tropical Cultivation

9 Bauhinia variegata Kachnar Flower

buds/flower/bark/

stem/

leaves/seed/root

Sub Tropical-

Temperate

Afforestation

10 Berberis aristata Daru Haldi Root/Wood Temperate Afforestation

11 Boswellia serrata Kunduru/Salai Gum Sub Tropical Afforestation

12 Bunium persicum Himachali Kala

Zira

Seed Temperate (Cold

Desert)

Cultivation

13 Callicarpa macrophylla Priyangu Phool Flowers buds Sub Tropical Afforestation

14 Carum carvi Kala Zira Fruit Sub-Alpine to Alpine

(Cold Desert)

Cultivation

15 Celastrus paniculatus Malkagni/

Jyotismati

Seeds and seed oil Sub Tropical Afforestation

16 Centella asiatica Mandukparni Whole Plant Sub Tropical-

Temperate

Cultivation

17 Cinnamomum tamala Tejpat Leaves/Bark Temperate Afforestation


19


Cultivation

18 Crataeva religiosa Varun Chhal Bark and root Sub Tropical Afforestation

19 Cupressus torulusa Surai Leaves Temperate Afforestation

20 Cymbopogon citratus Lemon Grass Leaves Sub Tropical Cultivation

21 Dactylorhiza hatagirea Salam

Panja/Hatajari

Bulbous Root Temperate to sub-

Alpine

Cultivation

22 Dioscorea deltoidea Genthi Fruit Sub-alpine Afforestation

23 Embelia tsjeriam-cottam Vayvidang Seed Temperate Afforestation

24 Emblica officinalis Amla Fruit Sub-Tropical Afforestation

25 Gentiana kurroo Karru Root Temperate Cultivation

26 Hedychium spicatum Kapoor Kachri Rhizome Temperate Cultivation

27 Inula racemosa Pushkarmool Root Sub-alpine (Cold

Desert)

Cultivation/20

0-500

28 Juniperus macropoda Dhup Leaves Temperate-Aub

Alpine (Cold Desert)

Afforestation

29 Matricaria chamomilla German

Chamomile

Flowers, Essential

oil

Sub-Alpine to Alpine

(Cold Desert)

Cultivation

30 Mentha arvensis Japanese Mint Leaves Subtropical to

Temperate

Cultivation

31 Mentha piperita Peppermint Pepermint oil Sub Tropical Cultivation

32 Moringa oleifera Sahjan/

Drumsticks

Seed, oil Sub Tropical Afforestation

33 Myrica esculenta Kaiphal Bark/Fruit Temperate Afforestation

34 Nardostachys grandiflora Jatamansi Root Temperate- Sub-

Alpine

Cultivation

35 Ocimum sanctum Kali Tulsi Whole Plant Sub Tropical Cultivation

36 Ocimum basilicum Common Basil Whole herb Sub Tropical-

Temperate

Cultivation

37 Paederia scandens Ghand Prasarni Leaves Sub Tropical Afforestation

38 Paris polyphylla Satwa Whole Plant/Root Temperate Afforestation

39 Picrorhiza kurroa Kutki Dry stolon/ Root Temperate- Sub-

Alpine

Cultivation


20


Cultivation

40 Pleurospermum

angelicoides

Chippi/

Gandrayan

Root Sub-Alpine-Alpine

(Cold Desert)

Cultivation

41 Premna serratifolia Agnimontha/Bak

ercha

Root/Bark Sub Tropical Fit for

Cultivation

42 Prunus armeniaca Wild Apricot Fruits Temperate Cultivation

43 Pterocarpus marsupium Bejasal Heart wood Sub-tropical Afforestation/

500-1000

44 Pueraria tuberosa Vidarikand Tuber Sub Tropical Fit for

Cultivation

45 Rauvolfia serpentina Sarpagandha Root, leaves Sub Tropical Cultivation

46 Rheum emodi Revandchini Roots Sub-Alpine to Alpine Cultivation

47 Rhododendron arboretum Buransh Flower Temperate Afforestation

48 Rosa damascena Damask Rose Flower Temperate Cultivation

49 Rubia cordifolia Manjith Root Temperate Afforestation

50 Santalum album Chandan Heartwood Sub-tropical Afforestation

51 Sapindus mukorossi Ritha Fruit Sub Tropical -

Temperate

Afforestation

52 Saussurea costus Kuth Root Temperate to Sub-

Alpine (Cold Desert)

Cultivation

53 Silybum marianum Milk thistle Seed Sub-Tropical Cultivation

54 Skimmia laureola Kadarpati Leaves Temperate Afforestation

55 Stephania glabra Ginjaru Root Sub-tropical Afforestation

56 Swertia chirayita Chiraita Whole Plant Temperate Cultivation

57 Symplocos racemosa Lodhra, Lodh Bark Temperate Afforestation

58 Tagetes patula French Marigold Flower Oil Sub Tropical-

Temperate

Cultivation

59 Taxus baccata Talispatra

(Thuner)

Bark, leaves Sub-Alpine to Alpine Afforestation

60 Terminalia bellirica Bahera Fruit Sub Tropical Afforestation

61 Terminalia chebula Harad Fruit Sub Tropical Afforestation

62 Tinospora cordifolia Giloy Stem (Climber) Sub Tropical Afforestation


21


Cultivation

63 Trilidium govanianum Naag Chhatri

(Chhota satwa)

Whole Plant/Root Temperate Afforestation

64 Valeriana jatamansi Tagar Rhizome with root Temperate Cultivation

65 Vitex negundo Nirgundi Leaves,roots shrub

and fruits

Sub Tropical Afforestation

66 Woodfordia fruticosa Dhai Phool Flower/Leves/Bark Sub Tropical Afforestation

67 Zanthoxylum armatum Timuru Seed Subtropical to

Temperate

Afforestation

Dasmool (Vrihatmool -Tree Spp)

1 Aegle marmelos Bael Root Sub-tropical Afforestation

2 Gmelina arborea Gamhar Root Sub-tropical Afforestation

3 Oroxylum indicum Syonak Root Sub-tropical Afforestation

4 Premna latifolia Arni Root Sub-tropical Afforestation

5 Stereospermum

suaveolens

Padal Bark/Root Sub-Tropical Afforestation

Dasmool (Leghumool -Shrub Spp)

1 Desmodium gangetium Sal parni Root Sub-Tropical Afforestation

2 Solanum indicum Brihatti Root Sub-Tropical Afforestation

3 Solanum surattense Kantkari Root Sub-Tropical Afforestation

4 Tribulus terristris Gohru Root Sub-Tropical Afforestation

5 Uraria picta Prisnaparni Root Sub-Tropical Afforestation/

Cultivation

Ashtaverg (Herb Spp)

1 Microstylis mucifera Jivak Root Temperate Afforestation

2 Microstylis

lylindrostachya

Rhishbhak Root Temperate Afforestation

3 Habenaria intermedia Riddi Root Temperate to Sub-

Alpine

Afforestation


22


Cultivation

4 Habenaria edgeworthi Vriddhi Root Temperate to Sub-

Alpine

Afforestation

5 Polygonatum

verticillatum

Meda Root Temperate to Sub-

Alpine

Cultivation

6 Polygonatum cirrhifolium

Meha Meda Root Temperate to Sub-

Alpine

Cultivation

7 Fritillaria roylei Kakoli Root Temperate to Sub-

Alpine

Cultivation

8 Lilium polyphyllum Kshir kakoli Root Temperate to Sub-

Alpine

Cultivation

List of MAPs selected for cultivation and afforestation/agroforestry

MAPs ranked on the basis of different criteria (Ref page 2) were presented to different

experts in the State which were either recommended by SMPB or by other organisations. The experts have suggested species for cultivation and afforestation/agroforestry on the

basis of their experience. The highest percentage of suggested MAPs were futher assessed

for selection of 10 species for cultivation and 10 species for afforestation/agroforestry based on future market projection, utilization range (single or multisector) and other important

cretaria. Each expert‟s inputs linked with identified cretaria are put in one tabulated format

(Table no 8 and 10). On the basis of expert‟s suggestions we have prepared three lists for i) medicinal, ii) aromatic and iii) afforestation/agroforestry.

I. List of medicinal plants for cultivation (agroclimatic zone wise)

II. List of Aromatic plants for cultivation and

III. List of trees/undershrub/Climbers/etc. for afforestation and agroforestry


23

Table 7 Experts Recommendation for Cultivation

Name of Experts

S.

No.

Botanical Name Vegeta-

tion Type

Common

Name

No

of

Rec

om

men

dat

ion

s

Dr.

V.P

Bh

att

Dr

. Far

oo

q (

Him

aly

a)

Dr.

RC

Kal

a

Dr.

M. C

. Nau

tiy

al

Dr.

A. K

. Bad

on

i

Mr.

N. C

hau

han

Dr.

Ad

ikar

i

Dr.

S. K

. Nat

han

i

Dr.

Rak

esh

Sh

aha

Dr.

S.K

. Ch

and

ola

Dr.

S. K

. Sin

gh

Dr.

J.S

. Raw

at

Dr.

A. K

. Pan

da

y

Dr.

Un

iyal

26-H

RD

I

FR

LH

T

Dr.

R. R

Rao

NM

PB

Dr

Pro

mo

de

Kh

ant

Pro

f M

. An

is

20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

1 Rheum australe Herb Ravandchini 5 * *

*

*

*

2 Swertia chirayata Herb Chiraita 10 * * *

*

*

* *

* *

*

3 Asparagus racemosus Shrub

(Climber)

Satawari 14 * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

4 Centella asiatica Herb Mandookpar

ni

7 * * * * * * *

5 Picrorhiza kurroa Herb Kutki 20 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

6 Acorus calamus Herb Buch 4 * * * *

7 Nardostachys Herb Jatamansi 11 * * * * * * * * * * *


24

Name of Experts

S.

No.


tion Type

Common

Name

No

of

Rec

om

men

dat

ion

s

Dr.

V.P

Bh

att

Dr

. Far

oo

q (

Him

aly

a)

Dr.

RC

Kal

a

Dr.

M. C

. Nau

tiy

al

Dr.

A. K

. Bad

on

i

Mr.

N. C

hau

han

Dr.

Ad

ikar

i

Dr.

S. K

. Nat

han

i

Dr.

Rak

esh

Sh

aha

Dr.

S.K

. Ch

and

ola

Dr.

S. K

. Sin

gh

Dr.

J.S

. Raw

at

Dr.

A. K

. Pan

da

y

Dr.

Un

iyal

26-H

RD

I

FR

LH

T

Dr.

R. R

Rao

NM

PB

Dr

Pro

mo

de

Kh

ant

Pro

f M

. An

is

grandiflora

8 Ocimum basilicum Herb Kali Tulsi 3 * * *

9 Valeriana jatamansi Herb Tagar 14 * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

10 Amomum subulatum Herb Badi Ilaichi 6 * * * * * *

11 Hedychium spicatum Herb Kapoor

Kachri

6 * * * * * *

12 Mentha arvensis Herb Japanise

Mint

8 * * * * * * * *

13 Aconitum

heterophyllum

Herb Atees 18 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

14 Rauvolfia serpentina Herb Sarpagandha 17 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

15 Gentiana kurroo Herb Karu 6 * * * * * *

16 Saussurea costus Herb Kuth 18 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *


25

Name of Experts

S.

No.


tion Type

Common

Name

No

of

Rec

om

men

dat

ion

s

Dr.

V.P

Bh

att

Dr

. Far

oo

q (

Him

aly

a)

Dr.

RC

Kal

a

Dr.

M. C

. Nau

tiy

al

Dr.

A. K

. Bad

on

i

Mr.

N. C

hau

han

Dr.

Ad

ikar

i

Dr.

S. K

. Nat

han

i

Dr.

Rak

esh

Sh

aha

Dr.

S.K

. Ch

and

ola

Dr.

S. K

. Sin

gh

Dr.

J.S

. Raw

at

Dr.

A. K

. Pan

da

y

Dr.

Un

iyal

26-H

RD

I

FR

LH

T

Dr.

R. R

Rao

NM

PB

Dr

Pro

mo

de

Kh

ant

Pro

f M

. An

is

17 Silybum marianum Herb Milk thistle 2 * *

18 Carum carvi Herb Kala Zira 10 * * * * * * * * * *

19 Matricaria

chamomilla

Herb Chamomile 12 * * * * * * * * * * * *

20 Aconitum balfourii Herb Vastnabh 11 * * * * * * * * * * *

21 Polygonatum cirrhifo

lium

Herb Mahameda 5 * * * * *

22 Cymbopogon citratus

Herb Leman grass 13 * * * * * * * * * * * * *

23 Lilium polyphyllum Herb Kakoli 2 * *

24 Rosa damascena Shrub Demask

Rose

8 * * * * * * * *

Note: Apart from above experts, teri has also consulted with expert of CIMAP, Lucknow, FFDC, Kannauj, IHBT, Palampur, IIIM, Jammu, J&K and NRC-

MAP, Anand, Gujarat for their expert advice on Aromatic plants particularly Rosa damascene, Cymbopogon citratus, Matricaria chamomilla and Mentha sp


26

Table 8 Selected species for cultivation on the basis of different criteria

(a) Medicinal Plants, (b) Aromatic Plants

Species

Name

Agro-

technology

availability

Trade/annum

(In MT)

Market

Potential

and Future

Projections

Profitability

to Farmers

(Y/N)

Planting

Material

Availability

(Y/N)

Utility Range and

Value Addition

Scope

Acceptability

among

farmers /

History of

cultivation

Agro-

climatic

and

Ecological

Factors

Conservation

Status in

State &

Collection

category

Overall %age of

Experts

recommendation

a) Medicinal Plants

Kuth Yes – Well

documented

& practiced

100-200 Good

Growth

rate 8.9%

Yes Yes A, F, FS, O, Ph, S,T,U

Value addition is

possible for essential

oil

Yes – long

history of

cultivation

Suited for

sub-alpine

to

temperate

region

_ 90%

Kutki Yes – Well

documented

& practiced

200-500 Good and

Growth

rate 12.9%

Yes Yes A,F,FS,O,Ph,S,T,U

Scope for value

addition in terms of

drying and sorting

Yes – long

history of

cultivation

Suited for

sub-alpine

region

CR

Complete

ban on

collection

100%

Atees Yes – Well

documented

& practiced

200-500 Excellent

and

Growth

rate 18.4%

Yes Yes A,F,H,S,U

Drying and grading is

being done at farmers

level

Yes – long

history of

cultivation

Suited for

sub-alpine

region

CR

Complete

ban on

collection

90%

Tagar Yes – Well

practiced

100-200 Excellent

and

constantly

Yes Yes A,C,F,FS,O

Proper drying and

grading required

Yes – it is

picking up

now

Suited for

temperate

region

VU

Complete

ban on

70%


27

Species

Name

Agro-

technology

availability

Trade/annum

(In MT)

Market

Potential

and Future

Projections

Profitability

to Farmers

(Y/N)

Planting

Material

Availability

(Y/N)

Utility Range and

Value Addition

Scope

Acceptability

among

farmers /

History of

cultivation

Agro-

climatic

and

Ecological

Factors

Conservation

Status in

State &

Collection

category

Overall %age of

Experts

recommendation

in demand collection

Sarpgandha Yes – Well

documented

& practiced

200-500 Excellent

and

Growth

rate 11.6%

Yes Yes A,F,FS,H,Ph,S,T,U

Grading and proper

drying is required

Yes – long

history of

cultivation

Suited for

sub-

tropical

region

VU

Complete

ban on

collection

85%

Satavari Yes – Well

documented

& Practiced

2000-5000 Good and

Growth

rate 15.1%

Yes Yes A,F,FS,S,T,U

Value addition is

required

Yes – long

history of

cultivation

Suited for

sub-

tropical

region

_

Under

sustainable

collection

70%

b) Aromatic Plants

Lemongrass Yes – Well

documented

& practiced

1250 Excellent

and

growth

rate 7.5%

Yes Yes A,C,F,FS,O,P,Ph,S,U

Value addition is


level

Yes – long

history of

cultivation

Suited for

sub-

tropical

region

_ 75%

Chamomile Yes – Well

documented

& Practiced

76 Good and

growth

rate 7.5%

Yes Yes C, Ph, O, P

Value addition is

possible

Yes – long

history of

cultivation

Suited for

temperate

region

_ 70. 7%

Damask Yes – Well 1625 Good and Yes Yes A,C,F,FS,H,O,P,Ph,S,U Yes – it is Suited for _ 85.7%


28

Species

Name

Agro-

technology

availability

Trade/annum

(In MT)

Market

Potential

and Future

Projections

Profitability

to Farmers

(Y/N)

Planting

Material

Availability

(Y/N)

Utility Range and

Value Addition

Scope

Acceptability

among

farmers /

History of

cultivation

Agro-

climatic

and

Ecological

Factors

Conservation

Status in

State &

Collection

category

Overall %age of

Experts

recommendation

Rose documented

& practiced

growth

rate 9.17%

Value addition is


level

picking up

now

Sub-

alpine-

temperate

region

Open for

collection

Mint Yes – Well

documented

& Practiced

33.6 Oil in

UK

(CAP)/30,000

MT (FFDC)

Excellent

and

demand is

growing

Yes Yes A,B,Cu,F,FS,O,Ph,

Value addition is

being done at local

level

Yes – long

history of

cultivation

Suited for

sub-

tropical

region

_

Open for

collection

75%

Source: Annual Demand of Medicinal Herbs- FRLHT: Demand and Supply of Medicinal Plants in India. Annual Demand of Aromatic Herbs: GIZ – Domestic

Market Study for Selected Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. Utility range – A: Ayurveda, B: Beverages, C: Cosmetics, Cu: Culinary, F: Folk, FS: Food

Supplements, H: Homoeopathy, O: Oils, P: Perfumery, Ph: Pharmaceutical, S: Siddha, T: Tibetan, U: Unani Conservation Status: CR-Critically Endangered,

VU-Vulnerable. Annual Market potential – CERPA, 2002


29

Table 9 Different expert‟s recommendation for Afforestation/Agroforestry

S. No. Botanical Name Common

name

No

of

Rec

om

men

dat

ion

Name of the Experts

Dr.

V. P

. Bh

att

PC

CF

, Dr.

RB

S

Raw

at

Dr.

Far

oo

q

RP

Kal

a

Dr.

M. C

. Nau

tiy

al

Dr.

A. K

. Bad

on

i

Mr.

N.C

hau

han

Dr.

Ad

ikar

i

Dr.

S. K

. Nat

han

i

Dr.

Rak

esh

Sh

aha

Dr.

S.K

. Ch

and

ola

Dr.

S. K

. Sin

gh

Dr.

J.S

. Raw

at

(IU

CN

)

Dr.

A. K

. Pan

day

Dr.

Un

iyal

26-

Pri

ori

tize

d

HR

DI

FR

LH

T

Dr.

R. R

. Rao

NM

PB

Dr

Pro

mo

de

Kh

ant

Pro

f M

. An

is

21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

1 Emblica officinalis Amla 4 * * * *

2 Cedrus deodara Devdaru 3 * * *

3 Taxus baccata Talispatra 9 *

* * * * * * * *

4 Terminalia chebula Harad 17 *

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

5 Boswellia serrata Salai 4 * * * *

6 Terminalia bellirica Behera 13 *

* * * * * * * * * * * *

7 Cinnamomum tamala Tajpat 13 *

* * * * * * * * * * * *

8 Embelia tsjeriam-

cottam

Bi -Vidang 8 * * * * * * * *

9 Berberis aristata Daru Haldi 12 *

* * * * * * * * * * *

10 Tinospora cordifolia Giloy 14 *

* * * * * * * * * * * * *

11 Pistacia integerrima Kakra

Singi

3 * * *


30

S. No. Botanical Name Common

name

No

of

Rec

om

men

dat

ion

Name of the Experts

Dr.

V. P

. Bh

att

PC

CF

, Dr.

RB

S

Raw

at

Dr.

Far

oo

q

RP

Kal

a

Dr.

M. C

. Nau

tiy

al

Dr.

A. K

. Bad

on

i

Mr.

N.C

hau

han

Dr.

Ad

ikar

i

Dr.

S. K

. Nat

han

i

Dr.

Rak

esh

Sh

aha

Dr.

S.K

. Ch

and

ola

Dr.

S. K

. Sin

gh

Dr.

J.S

. Raw

at

(IU

CN

)

Dr.

A. K

. Pan

day

Dr.

Un

iyal

26-

Pri

ori

tize

d

HR

DI

FR

LH

T

Dr.

R. R

. Rao

NM

PB

Dr

Pro

mo

de

Kh

ant

Pro

f M

. An

is

12 Oroxylum indicum Sona 9 * * * * * * * * *

13 Celastrus paniculatus Mal-

kangni

6 * * * * * *

14 Stereospermum

suaveolens

Padal 6 * * * * * *

15 Paederia scandens Gand

Prasarni

3 * * *

16 Zanthoxylum armatum Timuru 14 *

* * * * * * * * * * * * *

17 Myrica esculenta Kaiphal 12 *

* * * * * * * * * * *

18 Sapindusm mukorossi Ritha 6 *

* * * * *

19 Moringa oleifera Sahjan 5 * * * * *

20 Santalum album Chandan 2 * *

21 Pueraria tuberosa Vidarikand 4 * * * *

22 Premna serratifolia Arni 3 * * *

23 Juniperus sp Juniper 3 * * *


31

Table 10 Selected Medicinal Plants for Afforestation/Agroforestry

Common

Name

Scientific Name Trade/annum

In MT

Future

projection

Plantation

in the forest

/QPM

Utilizatio

n Range

Conservat

ion status/

Ecological

Suitability

Propagation

/Gestation

Period

Acceptability

among forest

based

communities

(Y/N)

% of

Expert

Recomm

endation

Giloy Tinospora cordifolia

32000-5000 HRD Yes/

Available

Ay, Fo,

Ho, Si, Ti,

Un

Ban on

Collection

Sub-

tropical

Easy/1 year Yes 66.6

Sona Oroxylum indicum

1000-2000 HRD Yes Ay, Fo, Si,

Ti, Un

- Sub-

tropical

Easy/3 year Yes 42.8

Kaiphal Myrica esculenta

<100 (however,

Patanjali-2-

4MT and

Hamdard-0.2

MT)

LD Yes Ay, Fo, Si Temperate Easy/5 year Yes 57.1

Daru Haldi Berberis aristata

500-1000 HRD Yes/

Can be

arrange

Ay, Fo, Si,

Ti, Un

VU/Ban

on

Collection

Temperate Easy/3 year Yes 57.1

Timuru Zanthoxylum armatum

-<100

(however,

Patanjali-70-

120, Dabur-60

and Major

Mandies of UK

0.2 MT)

MD Yes/

Can be

arrange

Ay, Si, Ti,

Un

VU/Ban

on

Collection

Temperate Difficult/5

year

Yes 66.6

Talispatra Taxus baccata

100-200 HRD Yes/

Can be

made

Ay, Ho,

Si, Ti, Un

CR/Ban on

Collection

Sub-alpine Moderately

difficult/5

year

Yes 42.8


32

Common

Name

Scientific Name Trade/annum

In MT

Future

projection

Plantation

in the forest

/QPM

Utilizatio

n Range

Conservat

ion status/

Ecological

Suitability

Propagation

/Gestation

Period

Acceptability

among forest

based

communities

(Y/N)

% of

Expert

Recomm

endation

available

Harad Terminalia chebula

5000-10000 HRD Yes/

Available

Ay, Fo,

Ho, Si, Ti,

Un

Sustainabl

e

collection

Sub-

tropical

Easy/7 year Yes/ long

history even

as

agroforestry

crop

80.95

Behera Terminalia bellirica

2000-5000 HRD Yes/

Available

Ay, Fo, Si,

Un

Sustainabl

e

collection

Sub-

tropical


history even

as

agroforestry

crop

61.9

Ritha Sapindusm mukorossi

200-500 HRD Yes/

Available

Ay, Si, Ti,

Un

Easy Sub-

tropical


history even

as

agroforestry

crop

28.57

Tejpat Cinnamomum tamala

500-1000 HRD Yes

/Available

Ay, Fo,

Ho, Si, Ti,

Un

VU

Sustainabl

e

collection

Sub-

tropical-

Temperate


history even

as

agroforestry

crop

61.9

Source: Annual Demand- FRLHT: Demand and Supply of Medicinal Plants in India, HRD- High and Regular Demand, LD-Low Demand, MD-Moderate

Demand. Utility range – A: Ayurveda, B: Beverages, C: Cosmetics, Cu: Culinary, F: Folk, FS: Food Supplements, H: Homoeopathy, O: Oils, P: Perfumery, Ph:

Pharmaceutical, S: Siddha, T: Tibetan, U: Unani Conservation Status: CR-Critically Endangered, VU-Vulnerable


33

Table 11 List of plants which shows the potential for cultivation

This list includes name of the species which are having good potential for large scale

cultivation but due to some factors they are not picking up. In some cases there is absence of constant or huge demand, sometimes tough competition by other states, lack of tested

agronomical practices, non-availability of planting material, etc.

S. No. Botanical Name Common Name Remarks

1 Nardostachys

grandiflora

Jatamansi Although species is critically endangered and very

important plant for ASU system, unfortunately its

cultivation is not economically viable as it is difficult to

cultivate, agronomical practises needs to be tested and

furthermore planting material is not available easily.

2 Aconitum balfourii Meetha Vish Lack of constant market demand and on the same time

lack of planting material is hindering the cultivation

prospects. It is very poisonous.

3 Swertia chirayata Chiraita Cultivation is difficult. Planting material is not available.

Lots of species under genus Swertia found in Uttarakhand;

so very difficult to identify the relevant species. Moreover,

good population is found in wild in North East

4 Carum carvi Kala Zira It is already growing in higher Himalayas in sufficient

quantity. Current produce seems to be sufficient for

existing demand. Howerver, extraction of caraway oil can

be a value added product.

5 Bunium persicum Himachali Kala

Zira

High demand. It is already growing in Hemachal Pradesh

in large scale

6 Pelargonium

odorantissimum

Geranium In year 2003, Geranium was grown commercially under

the ‘Geranium BIG PUSH PLAN’ by Govt of Uttrakhand

however due to low yield and withering of the crops

during rainy season, this species was not economically

viable and not beneficial to the farmers.

7 Hedychium spicatum Kapoor Kachri Not in great demand and wild population are available

across the state. Needs more market study before

focussing on its cultivation. Planting material is not

readily available.

8 Rheum australe Ravandchini Not much used in the medicines and demand is also

moderate.

9 Inula racemosa Pushkarmool This plant species is grown in cold climate of Himachal

Pradesh and the state of Jammu and Kashmir. However,

due to high demand of apples and other high altitude

vegetables from these states, production and supply of

Pushkarmool is low. On the other hand, this species has

been successfully planted and grown in parts of Chamoli

http://www.google.co.in/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=web&cd=5&ved=0CFIQFjAE&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.essentialoils.co.za%2Fessential-oils%2Fgeranium.htm&ei=A21FUqWDFYfzrQeSjYDwCw&usg=AFQjCNEjsTzUCTFRm_eTmXwd-7WK21p4kg&sig2=O1gnxlW-JjpYwgE7IhQNow&bvm=bv.53217764,d.bmk



34

S. No. Botanical Name Common Name Remarks

and Pithoragarh in Uttarakhand. One plant (crop) after a

time span of two years can yield 1.5 grams of roots. These

roots are used extensively in preparation of

Chyavanprash.

Hence looking at the high demand of Pushakarmool it’s

important to include this species in the list of important

medicinal plants of Uttarakhand

10 Paris polyphylla Satwa Rhizomes contain sugar and 2 glucosides, that is,

aparidine and apsristapnin. It is useful in the treatment of

heart diseases, asthma andbronchitis. Rhizomes are used

as anthelmintic and tonic by local inhabitants of Garhwal,

Hence, can be promoted its cultivation.

11 Trilidium govanianum Naag Chhatri

(Chhota Satwa)

It is also contain sugar and 2 glucosides, that is, aparidine

and apsristapnin. Rhizomes are used in the treatment of

dysentery by local inhabitants of Garhwal. Impotant plant

- can be promoted.

12 Acorus calamus Buch State has limited marshy land, which is required for the

species cultivation. Produce is also coming in large scale

from other states. Can be taken up for cultivation in

limited area to meet local industrial demand within in

state is being promoted by forest department also.

13 Amomum subulatum Badi Ilaichi Tough competition from other states and needs more

scientific studies. Presently very less area is under

cultivation and can be promoted. This is shade loving (60-

75%) and moisture loving plant.

14 Allium stracheyi Jammu Faran Jammu Faran has been brought under cultivation by the

Bhotiyas of the Niti valley for a long time (1960s) as a

kitchen garden crop. Villagers of the Niti and Mana

valleys of Chamoli District and villagers of Milam, Darma

and Byans valleys of Pithoragarh District cultivate this

species for their own consumption.

15 Pleurospermum

angeliodes

Chippi/Gandray

ad

This plant species is mostly grown by Bhotiya

communities in high alpine areas of Chamoli, Bageshwar

and Pithoragarh. The roots are used in preparation of

various spices as well as used in case of stomach ache

which is the medicinal use of the plant. In the local

markets, the roots are sold off at Rs 10-20 per 10 grams of

the weight.

Hence its important to include this species in the list of

important medicinal plants of Uttarakhand

16 Dactylorhiza hatagirea Salam panja Difficult to cultivate and planting material is not available

Agro techniques not standardized.


35

Table 12 List of plants which shows the potential for Afforestation /Agroforestry

This list includes name of the species which are having good potential for large scale afforestation but due to some factors they are not picking up. In some cases there is absence

of constant or huge demand, sometimes tough competition by other states, lack of tested

agronomical practices, non-availability of planting material, etc.

S.No. Botanical Names Common

Names

Remarks

1 Celastrus paniculatus Mal- kangni

(Jyotismati)

Difficult to grow/fruting 3-5year. Moderate demand.

Long utilization range. Its black oil even seed used as

memory enhancer for old people.

2 Moringa oleifera Sahjan Common and Important but population on decline.

Gestation period 4 years. Long utilization range, QPM

available in small quantity. Low demand.

3 Embelia tsjeriam-cottam Bi -Vidang Very important, possesses several beneficial properties.

High market Demand. Planting material not available.

Its propagation is moderately difficult. Gestation

period 5 years. Long Utilization range

4 Dioscorea deltoidea Genthi Important climber. The juice of the root tuber is taken

in the evening in the treatment of roundworm. It is also

used to alleviate constipation. These are used as

contraceptives and in the treatment of various

disorders of the genitary organs as well as in a host of

other diseases such as asthma and arthritis. The roots

of this species contain an average of 4.8% diosgenin.

5 Rubia cordifolia Manjith Low market demand, long time period for the crop to

mature and low productivity are the reasons why

Manjishtha is not economically viable and cannot be

commercially grown.

6 Stephania glabra Ginjaru Ginjaru is potential climbers for their important

curative properties and increasing market demand.

7 Pueraria tuberosa Vidarikand Potential climbers for their important curative

properties and increasing market demand.

8 Rhododendron Arboretum Buransh State forrest tree and very important, conservation is

required.

9 Pterocarpus marsupium Bejasal Very important tree. The heart wood is used as an

astringent and in the treatment of inflammation and

diabetes. Bejasal is the only herbal product ever found

to regenerate beta cells that produce insulin in the

pancreas. It is also available in powder form which is

made from the bark of the tree.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astringent

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflammation

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes


36

S.No. Botanical Names Common

Names

Remarks

10 Skimmia laureola Kadarpati Important shrub. The leaves are used in the treatment

of smallpox. The smoke produced by burning them is

said to purify the air. Leaves - cooked. Used as a

condiment. The strongly aromatic leaves are used in

curries or as flavouring for other foods. The flowers are

dioecious (individual flowers are either male or female,

but only one sex is to be found on any one plant so

both male and female plants must be grown if seed is

required). The plant is not self-fertile

11 Santalum album Chandan Chandan is being grown successfully and

commercially in the Uttarakhand valley for many years

now. Due to its medicinal and aromatic properties and

high market demand it’s important to include this

species in the list of important aromatic plants of

Uttarakhand

12

Juniperus macropoda Dhup This is a slow growing species of cold desert (sub

alpine to alpine). Breeding cycle very long. But

important tree and used internal in kidney diseases; as

medical bath in joint pains. Juniper twigs and needles

are very important for fumigation. People will walk

with pans full of glowing charcoal through their

houses in the morning and sprinkle needles over the

coals. This produces a very aromatic smoke which is

believed to clean the atmosphere, ward off diseases.

Conservation required.

13 Emblica officinalis Amla A very important tree for livehood generation of forest

based communities. It has long utilization range.

14 *Stereospermum

suaveolens

Padal (Dasmool) Harvesting not allowed from wild. High market

demand. In agroforestry flashing roots can be

harvested after 2 years

Note: *It is also need to consider all Dasmool and Ashtaverg Spp under conservation program as

these spp hold good market including local use, important for soil and biodiversity conservation. (See

table 6)


37

Table 13 Ecological Zone wise recommended and potential species of MAPs

Order of priority is just indicative and actual priority depends on local site, edaphic factors and economic considerations. Most of the MAP species shown in the table are classified

according to their suitability condition. However, these species can be cultivated in

marginally higher and lower altitude. The list of ecological zone wise potential and recommended species in order of priority are given below and remarks of recommended

and potential MAPs species for cultivation and afforestation/agroforestry were kept against

each MAP species in the bracket.

A) Ecological Zone wise Aromatic Plant Species in order of priority for Cultivation

Sub-tropical (up to 1500 m)

(Lower altitude)

Temperate (1500 m to 2500 m)

(Middle altitude)

Sub-alpine (2500 and above)

(High altitude)

Priority Aromatic species Priority Aromatic species Priority Aromatic species

I Mint (Recommended)

I Chamomile (Recommended)

I Demask Rose (Recommended)

II Lemon Grass (Recommended)

II Geranium (Potential) II Kala Zira (Potential)

B) Ecological Zone wise Medicinal Plant Species in order of priority for Cultivation

Sub-tropical (up to 1500 m)

(Lower altitude)

Temperate (1500 m to 2500 m)

(Middle altitude)

Sub-alpine (2500 and above)

(High altitude)

Priority Medicinal species Priority Medicinal species Priority Medicinal species

I Sarpagandha (Recommended)

I Kuth (Recommended)

I Kutki (Recommended)

II Satavari (Recommended)

II Tagar (Recommended)

II Kuth (Recommended)

III Buch (Potential) III Himachali Kala Zira (Potential)

III Atees (Recommended)

IV Jammu Faran ((Potential)

VI Himachali Kala Zira (Potential)

V Badi Ilachi (Potential)

V Jammu Faran (Potential)

VI Pushkarmool (Potential)

VII Chippi/Gandrayan

(Potential)


38

C) Ecological Zone wise Aromatic Tree Species in order of priority for Agro-forestry

Sub-tropical

(up to 1500 m)

(Lower altitude)

Temperate

(1500 m to 2500 m)

(Middle altitude)

Sub-alpine to tree line

(2500 and above)

(High altitude)

Priority Tree species Priority Tree species Priority Tree species

I Tejpat (Recommended) I Tejpat (Recommended)

II Chandan (Potential)

D) Ecological Zone wise Medicinal Tree/Shrub/Climber Species in order of priority for Afforestation

Sub-tropical

(up to 1500 m)

(Lower altitude)

Temperate

(1500 m to 2500 m)

(Middle altitude)


(2500 and above)

(High altitude)

A) Tree Species

Priority Tree species Priority Tree species Priority Tree species

I Tejpat (also Recommended for Afforestation)

I Tejpat (also Recommended for Afforestation)

I Talispatra (Thuner) (Recommended)

II Ritha (Recommended for Agroforestry also)

II Kaphal (Recommended)

II Juniperus (Dhup) (Potential)- upto Alpine

III Harar (Recommended) III Buransh (Potential)

IV Behra (Recommended)

V Amla (Potential)

VI Beeja sal (Potential)

B) Shrub Species

Priority Shrub species Priority Shrub species Priority Shrub species

I Bi-Vidang (Potential) I Timuru (Recommended)

I Kedarpati (Potential)

II Daru Haldi - Recommended

(Although harvesting is banned from wild

II Skimmia

(Potential)


39

Sub-tropical

(up to 1500 m)

(Lower altitude)

Temperate

(1500 m to 2500 m)

(Middle altitude)


(2500 and above)

(High altitude)

however being an important species need to be conserved. Hence, Recommended)

C) Climber Species

Priority Climber species Priority Climber species Priority Climber species

I Giloy (Recommended) I Manjith (Potential) I Genthi (Potential)

II Vidarikand (Potential)

III Ginjaru (Potential)

Economic analysis

Benefit - Cost Rato (BCR) for the prioritised species has been calculated based on the

following formula:

Where Bt and Ct refer to the benefit and cost in year t, r is the discount rate and T is the time horizon of analysis. The BCR is the ratio of the Present Value of Benefits realised and costs

incurred in each year within the time horizon.

The following table shows the result of analysis of the 10 selected species. The analysis is

based on a time horizon of 10 years and a discount rate of 6%. In the case of agroforestry

crop, the analysis is based on a time horizon of 15 years to account for the longer rotation

period of these trees. BCR of some other important species were also analysed (Annx 9b). BCR is based on the figures obtained from CAP, HRDI, IHBT, FFDC and farmer‟s feedback

(Annx 7, 8, 9, 10, 11).


40

Table 14 Economic Analysis of selected Medicinal Herbs for cultivation

S.No. Botanical name Common Name Part used BCR

1 Saussurea costus Kuth Dry Root 5.02

2 Aconitum heterophyllum Atees Dry Root 4.06

3 Picrorhiza kurroa Kutki Dry Root 3.29

4 Asparagus racemosus Satawari Dry Root 3.06

5 Rauvolfia serpentina Sarpagandha Dry Root 2.64

6 Valeriana jatamansi Tagar Dry Root 2.29

Figure 2 Benefit cost ratio of the Medicinal plant species

Table 15 Economic Analysis of selected Aromatic Herbs for cultivation

S.No. Botanical name Common Name Part Used BCR

1(a) Rosa damascena Demask Rose Oil 8.62

1(b) Rosa damascena Demask Rose Rose Water 5.43

2 Mentha arvensis Japanese Mint Oil 4.53

3 Matricaria chamomilla Chamomile Dry Flower 4.47

4 Cymbopogon citratus Lemon grass Oil 2.47

5.02

4.06

3.293.06

2.64

2.29

Kuth(Dry Root)

Atis (Dry Root)

Kutki(Dry Root)

Satawari (Dry Root)

Sarpagandha(Dry Root)

Tagar (Dry Root)


41

Figure 3 Benefit cost ratio of the aromatic plant species

Sources of supply

The respondents informed that supply of traded MAPs was sourced from different states across the country. The supply of a particular species was done from several states in the

country, depending on their availability. Hence, for a particular species the respondents

were not able to identify the exact location (state) from where they procured. This was also because the raw material was passed through several hands before finally reaching them.

Training workshop

TERI presented a lecture to two batches of cultivators in the Farmers training workshop organized by CAP at Selaqui, Dehradun from 19- 21 December 2012. The training workshop

was organized by CAP to train farmers on the prioritized MAPs. The list of pharmaceutical

industries, growers, traders and suppliers visited during the study was also shared with the cultivators.

Conclusion There is a growing demand of consumers worldwide for herbal and natural products to meet both the healthcare needs and dietary supplements, which has opened up new

opportunities for the medical plant based industries. However, this market propelled

demand has created tremendous pressure on the natural resource. More than 90% of the species used in trade continued to be sourced from the wild of which 2/3rd are harvested by

destructive means to meet ever-increasing pharmaceutical requirements, which led to threat

natural regeneration and at times leads several plants on the verge of extinction, like in Uttarakhand 60 medicinal plants are listed under different category of threat. There is a need

to look into the sustainable harvest of the medicinal plants as well as conserve these

resources in natural habitats. To make the raw material available to industries there is a need to go for large scale cultivation of MAPs. Uttarakhand is unique in way of different agro-

climatic zone and different types of forests and wide range of biodiversity. Selection of

proper species for cultivation is very crucial for overall development of the medicinal plant sector in the state. Under this study after rigorous field surveys and interaction with experts

we have finalised six medicinal and four aromatic plants for cultivation in different

altitudes. Likewise species for afforestation and agro-forestry was also finalised after

8.62

5.424.53 4.47

2.47

Demask Rose(Oil

Demask Rose(Rose Water)

Japanese Mint(Oil)

Chamomile (DryFlower)

Lemon grass(Oil)


42

consultation with experts and forest department officials. We hope these species can change

the scenario of Uttarakhand medicinal plants scenario in coming years.

Suggestions for promoting cultivation The development of medicinal and aromatic plant species have many comparative

advantages in the state, therefore the sector needs due weightage for its role in rural area development. The state provides suitable microclimate for development of MAP species at

all elevations. The state has huge advantage to promote high altitude medicinal and

aromatic plants because of considerable area under such habitat.

Selecting an herb for cultivation is not an easy task when accumulated literature remains

clueless about the selection and preference of economically cultivable medicinal plants. In

view of increasing global popularity of herbal products, cultivation of medicinal plants to ensure constant supply can be an important alternative source of economy in the state. But

there is a need to generate awareness on various aspects of MAPs among the farmers and

people of Uttarakhand. The lack of effective marketing infrastructure and post‐harvest techniques (collection of the farm produce, transportation to warehouse, storage, processing

and packaging) and limited credit facility available to farmers are the major hurdles. In

addition, there is a lack of availability and accessibility to MAPs inputs and the knowledge / information about suitable and remunerative crops.

Domestication and cultivation of some important medicinal plants used in traditional as

well as modern therapies is beset with the problems of poor seedling establishment while the poor seed set in nature affects the yield in others. The range of active constituents and

essential oil components differ with altitudinal and geographical changes in most

medicinal and aromatic plants. Therefore, species-specific measures are needed ensuring simultaneously both conservation as well as sustainability in raw material production.

To increase production and productivity it is important to spread the cluster approach and

facilitate low-cost processing. Forest Corperation has made 3-4 mandis where auctions of MAPs take place. There is need to take appropriate measures for improving productivity

and production of herbal and medicinal plants and their trade in the state. Medicinal and

aromatic plants can be a strong option for diversification provided proper linkages with the market can be developed.

Cultivation of medicinal plants in the State has failed to pick up due to non-availability of

quality planting material, information gaps on agro-techniques, exploitative market

mechanisms, etc. Some of the suggestions to improve the cultivation are – Necessity of

minimum support price (MSP) for Cultivated MAPs, Selection, Breeding and

Standardization of Agro-techniques for Priority Species, market assurance to cultivators, research & development for making high yielding varieties, etc.

Quality requirement of the raw material(s) With the tremendous increase in the global use of medicinal plants, several concerns regarding the efficacy and safety of the herbal medicines have also been raised. Hence it has

become necessary to standardize the efficacy and safety measures so as to ensure supply of

medicinal plant materials with good quality. To address this, the first Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia Committee was constituted in 1962 under the Chairmanship of Col. Sir Ram

Nath Chopra. The Committee was reconstituted in 1972 under the Chairmanship of Prof.

A.N.Namjoshi to continue the work of compilation of the Ayurvedic Formulary of India as a pre-requisite for undertaking the work of Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. The Part I of


43

Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India consists of Vol-I, II, III, IV and V comprising respectively

80, 78, 100, 68 and 92 monographs prescribing standards for Ayurvedic single drugs of plant origin. The monograph gives limits under assay, for any one constituent or group of

constituents like total alkaloids or total volatile oils. In the case of water soluble or alcohol

soluble extractives a minimum lower limit has been given. For impurities like Ash, Acid insoluble Ash etc, a maximum upper limit has been given.

Following information has been collected from different volumes of API, published by

Government of India so far.

S. No. Trade name Foreign

matter

(Not more

than)

Total Ash

(Not more

than)

Acid-

insoluble

ash

(Not more

than)

Alcohol-

soluble

extractive

(Not less

than)

Water-

soluble

extractive

(Not less

than)

Constituents

1 Satawari

(yallow)

1% 5% 0.50% 10% 45% Sugar, Glycosides,

Saponin and

Sitosterol

2 Sarpagandha 2% 8% 1% 4% 10% Rauwolfia contains

indole alkaloids,

such as reserpinine,

serpentinine and

ajmalicine

3 Kutki 2% 7% 1% 10% 20% Glucoside

(Picrorhizin).

4 Tagar 2% 12% 10% 30% 19% Essential oil

5 Atees 2% 4% 1% 6% 24% Alkaloids (atisine,

dihydroatisine,

hetisined and

heteratisine).

6 Kuth 2% 4% 1% 12% 20% Essential oil, alkaloid

(saussurine) and

bitter resin

7 Lemon grass 2% 14% 4% 2% 7% Essential oil

containing Citral as

major constituent

8 Damaskrose 2% 7.50% 1% 15% 24% Essential Oil

Note: Lemongrass and Chamomile has not been covered under published monographs.


44

Policy for buy-back with the industry Policy for buy-back facilitation or tie-up with the industry to mitigate the problem of the farmers in marketing of their produce of MAPs –

(a) SMPB should take proactive role in facilitating the marketing linkages for farmers of state. Industry running in state should be encouraged to take the produce directly from farmers on mutually agreed price and quality terms. There should be a tripartite agreement between cultivator-buyer and SMPB. Regular Buyer-Seller meet should be organized by

SMPB to facilitate the agreements between farmers and companies. Efforts should also be

made to invite out of state industry to take cultivated material from farmers (group).

(b) CAP is buying aromatic oils from the registered farmers on fixed price and this

arrangement is going well since last many years. Medicinal plants should also be purchased by designated departments / office (either HRDI or Bhesaj Sangh) on pre-fixed price after

assessing the quality of produce. For this SMPB should declare the minimum support price

(MSP) for cultivated medicinal plants. Revolving funds should be available with purchasing organization and funds to be utilized for purchase of raw material from registered farmers

in State.

Hands on training Extension work related to transfer of technology should be carried out by organizations

which have presence in State like HRDI, CAP, HAPPRC, CSIR-CIMAP, GBP Agriculture

University and some selected NGOs. Funding for this can be generated from NMPB schemes. Each institutes/organization can take/choose some districts for providing hands

on training to farmers. Accordingly funds could be divided among these institutes. These

organizations may be asked to submit the proposal for same to SMPB/NMPB. Some selected NGOs who are actively engaged in cultivation and extension activities should also be

included after proper scrutiny of their activities and past experience.

Overall Limitations of MAPs Sector So far, there has been no organised management of medicinal plants in Uttarakhand.

Unscientific extraction, over exploitation, lack of replenishment efforts and virtually, non-

existent of marketing management are some of the factors threatening the survival of a large number of medicinal plants in the State. The occurrence of medicinal plant species in

Uttarakhand is highly diverse in nature. There is lack of training on identification, collection,

storage, value addition, nursery and cultivation techniques. This has led to a significant knowledge gap on medicinal plants.

A number of institutions and departments are working in this field separately and

independently without much interaction among them. This is responsible for duplicity in research work and research without focused attention with a clear-cut agenda.

The system of commercial exploitation (through collection from natural habitat) of medicinal

plants and its marketing has been the responsibility of various organisations from time to time, but still, not a single effective system has been developed over the years.

The principal constraint is financial. States need to allocate more funds to sector.

Infrastructure needs to be good enough.


45

Limitations of the Study Traders surveyed in this report were sometimes reluctant to discuss and share trade information with the surveyor who they thought were outsiders.

MAP trade still works under a partially unorganised environment where disclosure of

quantity of sales in precise figures is not always done. In this situation, precise estimation of the economics of MAP trade becomes somewhat difficult.

Recommendations 1. The species that have been finally selected are based on fulfilment of all criteria

(Agro-techniques, QPM, Agro-climate, Economic return and future projection,

Utilization Range, Social acceptance, Processing and export potential etc).

2. It is recommended medicinal plant species like Kutki, Atees, Tagar and Sarpaganda, Satawari be taken as mix crop along with other vegetables. Looking into the demand

and uses of these species is highly suggested for cultivation.

3. The scope for Kuth is high. The climatic conditions of Uttrakhand suit its cultivation.

4. In the form of value added products, the potential of Damask Rose is very high.

Development of extraction technology will help the item to be more viable in export

market.

5. The scope for Chamomile lies in value addition as oil. The climatic conditions of

Uttrakhand suit its cultivation. It is recommended with value addition. Export

market is available.

6. Lemon grass can fetch a better market with value addition in the form of oil and its

allied products.

7. Mint is a widely accepted crop and farmers are very familier with this crop. There is a need to promote as it fetches good retun.

8. Checking of undocumented import is essential for the successful cultivation of MAP

for cultivation.

9. Some other species have also found to be potential namely; Jatamansi, Salam Panja,

Chiraita, Meetha Vish which require immediate attention for R&D.

Way Forward The 10 selected MAP species for cultivation and 10 selected species for afforestation/agro-

forestry have been approved by Review Committee on 13th September, 2013 under the

Chairmanship of Dr. Rakesh Shah, Chairman, Uttarakhand Biodiversity Board. The manual of selected 10 species will be prepared as enlisted below. Information will be collated from

published sources, and comprehensive documentation in the form of a manual will be

prepared

Table 16 Selected 10 Species for manual Preparation as per TOR

S.No. Botanical name Common Name

1 Saussurea costus Kuth


46


2 Picrorhiza kurroa Kutki

3 Valeriana jatamansi Tagar

4 Aconitum heterophyllum Atees

5 Asparagus racemosus Satawari

6 Rauvolfia serpentina Sarpagandha

7 Mentha arvensis Japanese Mint

8 Rosa damascene Rose

9 Cymbopogon citratus Lemon grass

10 Matricaria chamomilla Chamomile

Further, review committee has also been advised to add five more species as enlisted below

for preparation of plantation/cultivation pakages in the form of manual for future use.

Table 17 Suggested 5 species for manual preparation by Review committee


1 Skimmia laureola Kadar pathi

2 Paris polyphylla Satwa

3 Trilidium govanianum Chhota satwa

4 Pterocarpus marsupium Bejasal

5 Hedychium spicatum Kapoor Kachri


47

Suggested roadmap and time frame to achieve the objectives of the study

Road Map

Year wise Time frame

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Field trials at different zones and fine

tuning of developed packages

Finalization of package and training to

farmers

Training on MAPs cultivation

Areas and Farmers identification for

cultivation under cluster approach

Value addition and processing training

Product development

Branding and Marketing

Note: The details in the above table are for medicinal plants.

References 1. Bisht N S, Gera M, Sultan Z, Gusain M.S. Status of collection, cultivation and

marketing of medicinal and aromatic plants in Pithoragarh, Uttaranchal.Indian Forester 2005, 131(3): 346‐357.

2. Bisht N.S., Rawat R B S, Singh C J , Gusain M S. ENVIS Forestry Bulletin, Vol.7, No.2;

YEAR‐2007: STATUS OF COLLECTORS, CULTIVATORS AND MARKETING OF MEDICINAL PLANTS IN UTTARAKHAND: Forest Research Institute, Dehradun

3. Chauhan, NS (2006). Scope of commercialization of MAP‟s. Science tech. Earthquake,

July 2006

4. CHEMEXCIL, 49th Annual report, 2011-12

5. CIMAP. Mentha arvensis. Available at

http://203.190.147.122/ruraltech/Mentha.aspx

6. Chandola S 2005. Some rare and imperfectly known medicinal plant species of

Uttaranchal. Indian Forester 131 (3). 341-345.

7. Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine: A Hand Book of Common Remedies in Unani System of Medicine, New Delhi, 1986.

8. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora

(CITES): Annual Report 2007

http://203.190.147.122/ruraltech/Mentha.aspx


48

9. GIZ 2012. Domestic market study for selected medicinal and aromatic plants.

10. Herbal Uttaranchal, Present market scenario. HRDI farmers information bulletin, 2003

11. HRDI 2007. Medicinal and aromatic plants

12. Handa S S , Kaul M K. Supplement to Cultivation and Utilization Medicinal Plants. 1996. R.R.L Jammu Tawi (Golorisa superb P. 213‐222/ Indian Aconite 247‐253/

Picrorrhiza kurroa P.333‐348).

13. Handa S.S., Kaul M.K. Suppliment to Cultivation and Utilization of Aromatic Plants. 1997. R.R.L Jammu Tawi. (Cympogon nardus Cultivation P.85‐105/ Damask Rose

Cultivation P.195‐212/ Matricaria chamomila cultivation P.241‐253/ Stats of

Essential oil Bearing Plants in Uttrakhand, P.485‐503)

14. Kala C P. Commercial exploitation and conservation status of high value medicinal

plants across the borderline of India and Nepal in Pithoragarh. Indian Forester 2003,

129(1). 80‐84.

15. Kala C. K., Dhyani P.P., Sajwan B. S. Developing the medicinal plants sector in

northern India: challenges and opportunities. Journal of Ethnobiology and

Ethnomedicine 2006, Vol‐2, 1‐15. Availabale from:http://www.ethnobiomed.com/content/2/1/32.

16. Lokesh G B 2004. Sweet flag (Acorus calamus)-Cultivation and Economics aspects.

Natural Product radiance 2004; 3(1).

17. NeDFi. Handbook on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, NeDFi

18. NMPB 2008. Agro-techniques of selected medicinal plants- Volume 1. National

Medicinal Plants Board, Department of AYUSH, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, 2008. Pp. 131

19. NMPB 2009. Agro-techniques of selected medicinal plants- Volume 2. National

Medicinal Plants Board, Department of AYUSH, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, 2009. Pp. 147

20. Narain Singh Chauhan N S. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of Himachal Pradesh,

Indus Publishing Company, New Delhi,1999, pp 632

21. Naithani, B.D. Flora of India Series 3. Flora of Chamoli. BSI New Delhi, Two Vol.1984

pp .800,

22. Phondani P C, Vikram S negi, Bhatt I D, Maikhuri R K, Kothyari B P 2011. Promotion of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Cultivation for Improving Livelihood Security: A

Case Study from West Himalaya, India. International Journal of Medicinal and

Aromatic Plants Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 245-252, December 2011

23. Rawat R and Vashistha D P 2011. Shortlisting of cultivable herbal plants in the

Bhabhar region of the Garhwal Himalaya, Uttarakhand, India. International Journal

of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants ISSN 2249-4340

24. Rawat M S and Upadhyay M. ENVIS Forestry Bulletin, Vol.7, No.2; 2007:

COLLECTION AND MARKETING OF MEDICINAL PLANTS IN

UTTARAKHAND, Herbal Research and Development Institute, Gopeshwar


49

25. P.C. Phondani, V. S. (2001). Promotion of medicinal and aromatic plants cultivation

for improving livelihood security: A case study of west Himalaya, India, 245-252.

26. Personal Communication through email from SMPB, Uttarakhand on 8 December

2012.

27. P.Vashistha, R. R. (May 2011). Shortlisting of cultivable herbal plant in the Bhabhar region of Garwal Himalayas, Uttarakhand, 23-27.

28. PLANTS IN MUNSIYARI, PITHORAGARH: A CASE STUDY FROM

UTTARAKHAND, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun

29. Surabhi Mittal, G. T. (July 2008). Development strategy for the hill districts of

Uttarakhand.

30. Surabhi M, Tripathi G, and Sethi D 2008. Development Strategy for the Hill Districts of Uttarakhand. Working paper no. 217. Indian Council for Research on International

Economics Relations, 2008.

31. Sharma Ravindra 2004. Agro techniques of medicinal plants

32. Shah Rakesh. Nature‟s Medicinal Plants of Uttaranchal (Herbs, Grasses and Ferns)

Two Volumes, Gyanodaya Prakashan, Nainital, 2003

33. Sultan Z, Gusain M S, Singh C J, Bisht N S. ENVIS Forestry Bulletin VOLUME‐6, 2006; CULTIVATION AND MARKETING OF HIGH ALTITUDE MEDICINAL

34. Sarin Y. K. Medicinal plant raw materials for Indian drug and pharmaceutical

industry I. An appraisal of resources. Indian Forester 2003, 129(1) 3‐24.

35. Sundriyal. R.C. Medicinal plant cultivation and conservation in the Himalaya. An

agenda for action, Indian Forester 2005 131(3) 410‐424.

36. Samant S S, Dhar U, Palni L M S. Medicinal Plants of Indian Himalaya: Diversity Distribution Potential Values. Almora: G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment

and Development, 1998

37. Tyagi D K 2005. Pharma Forestry. A Field Guide to Medicinal Plants. Published by Atlantic Publishers & Distributers. Pp. 259

38. Uniyal R.C., 2000, Cultivation of medicinal plants- source book. Published by WWf

New Delhi.

39. Uniyal, RC (2013): Medicinal Plant conservation and sustainable utilization strategy

for Uttarakhand State. First draft report submitted to State.

40. Uniyal S K, Awasthi A , Rawat G S. Current status and distribution of commercially exploited medicinal and aromatic plants in upper Gori valley, Kumaon Himalaya,

Uttaranchal

41. Uttarakhand Herbal Expo- 2007. Souveneir. Published by Uttaranchal Forest Development Corporation, Dehradun

42. Ved D. K., Goraya G. S. Demand and Supply of Medicinal Plants in India;

Foundation for Revitalisation of Local Health Traditions, Bangalore, 2008, pp216. Published by Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun.


50

.


51

Annexure 1 Survey format to collect information on plant materials / extracts used by traders/ suppliers/ Industries using plant based raw materials in their establishment

D D M M Y E A R

Date

2 0 1 2

1. Company Name

Contact Person

Email

Tel/Mobile

Nature of Business Pharmaceutical Retail Spa / health Commission agent

Exporter

Importer Extractor

Dealer

Other (specify)

Address

Web page

Annual Turn Over

1-50 Lakhs

51-100 Lakhs 101-150 Lakhs 150 Lakhs & Above

Year of Establishment of business ________________________________________________________________________

Major Products


52

Details of major plants (medicinal and aromatic) used in your establishment

S.

N.

Trade Name / Local

Name

Volume procured

(Last two years)

Source of procurement

Main reason for procurement from other

state (Mark √ to the appropriate answer)

Pri

ce o

f p

rocu

rem

en

t

20

10

-11

20

11

-12

Utt

arak

han

d

(Sp

eci

fy

dis

tric

ts)

%

Oth

er

stat

es

(sp

eci

fy)

%

Less

pro

du

ctiv

e

Be

tte

r

qu

alit

y

Low

co

st

Mo

re

avai

lab

ility

Oth

ers

(sp

eci

fy)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Any contract farming initiated for supply of raw materials for your establishment (Yes / No) Circle appropriate answer

Would you be interested to engage in contract farming with local farmers in the state of Uttarakhand (Yes / No) Circle appropriate answer


53

S.

N.

Trade Name / Local

Name

From whom is it procured (Mark √

to the appropriate answer)

Part of the plant used (Mark √ to the appropriate

answer)

Which form is it

procured (Mark

√ to the

appropriate

answer)

Source of plant material

(Mark √ to the

appropriate answer)

Farm

er

Man

di (

nam

e

it)

Van

Nig

am

Mid

dle

man

Oth

ers

(sp

eci

fy)

Ro

ot

Ste

m

Leav

es

Flo

we

r

Bar

k

Fru

it

Wh

ole

pla

nt

Oth

ers

(sp

eci

fy)

Dry

Fre

sh

Oth

ers

(sp

eci

fy)

Wild

(fo

rest

)

Cu

ltiv

ate

d

Bo

th

Do

n’t

Kn

ow

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10


55

Annexure 2 Study format for collecting information from cultivators of MAPs

Rainfall___________________________________________________________________________

Altitude__________________________________________________________________________

Major natural vegetation (MAPs)___________________________________________________________________________

1. Village

_____________________________________Block_________________________________

2. District

____________________________________Panchayat______________________________

3. Full Name of the Cultivator

___________________________________________________________________________

4. Community________________________________________________________________

____________________________

5. Total land holding (Nali)

__________________________________________________________________________

6. Area under Medicinal & Aromatic (MAP) plants

(Nali)__________________________________________________________

7. Major Agricultural

crops______________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________


56

8. Since when MAP cultivation

practiced___________________________________________________________________

9. Do you grow MAP as a single crop or as a mixed crop with other agriculture crops?

(Write S – single crop, M- mixed cropping)

10. Information on MAPs cultivated in the current year (2011-2012)

Sl.

No.

Name of the

species (Local/

Trade Name)

Method of

cultivation*

Cropping

period

(months)

Month

of

Sowing

Month of

Harvesting

Irrigation

(Write I-

Irrigated

and R-

rainfed

No of

irrigations

required

in a year

Part of the

Plant of trade

importance

*Cultivation method (1-direct seed sowing, 2- rhizome 3-cuttings 4- nursery grown saplings 5- others specify)


57

11. Input cost for each species per crop

Sl.

No.

Name

of the

species

Area

under

the crop

Seed/

planting

material

Fertilizer

Irrigati

on cost

if any

Transpor

tation

cost

Labour details

Tot

al

cost

Qty Cost Qty Cost

Total

labour

(days)

Family

labour

(days)

Hired

Labour

(days)

Wage

rate

12. Yield and Price information (for the last three years)

Sl.

No.

Name of the

species

Total Yield (Kg/ Nali) Where is

the crop

sold#

Selling Price per crop (Rs/Kg)

2012 2011 2010 2012 2011 2010


58

Sl.

No.

Name of the

species

Total Yield (Kg/ Nali) Where is

the crop

sold#

Selling Price per crop (Rs/Kg)

2012 2011 2010 2012 2011 2010

#1= Local market; 2 = Local trader; 3= BhesajSangh; 4= Forest Corporation 5= others

13. Market information

a. Nearest Market

________________________________________________________

b. Distance to the market

________________________________________________________

14. Information on subsidy wherever applicable

Sl.

No.

Name of the

species (Local/

Trade Name)

Amount

of Loan

Subsidy

information

Crop wise

insurance facility

(if Yes, indicate

the rate/ nail)

Any other information


59

Sl.

No.

Name of the

species (Local/

Trade Name)

Amount

of Loan

Subsidy

information

Crop wise

insurance facility

(if Yes, indicate

the rate/ nail)


15. Do you do any value addition to the MAPs grown in your field? If yes, please

provide details.

S.

No.

Name of the species (Local/ Trade

Name)

Specify kind of value addition done by the

farmer


60

16. Value addition infrastructure

Sl.

No.

Kind of

infrastructure

set up

Price of

produce after

value addition

Input costs

Electricity

cost

Labour

family

(days)

Labour

Hired

(days)

Packaging

material

17. Opportunity cost – If you would not have grown MAPs in your land, what else

would you have done with your land?

18. Issuing authority for permit for cultivating MAPs

19. Who and what motivate you for adopting MAP cultivation?

20. Contract farming

i. Are you into contract farming? If yes, specify the agency?


61

ii. Support under contract farming (tick √ for the relevant answer)

Name of

the

species

Seed/

sapling/

cuttings

Transport

to the

market

Subsidy Loan Support

price

Crop

insurance

Total

buy

back

21. Reasons for adopting MAP cultivation?

22. Which species of MAPs cultivated earlier which is not cultivated now

23. Reason for not cultivating them now

24. Please name the traders to whom you sell your MAP produce?

25. Any problem/ suggestion


62

Checklist for discussion with farmers participating in cluster farming

No. of farmers

Name of species cultivated

Information on training received

Membership fees if any

How is marketing done?


Land ceiling rate


63

Annexure 3 List of industries contacted for the market survey

S.

No.

Name of the Industry Address Contact

Person &

Designation

Telephone Fax

1 Jindal Research Labs

Ltd.

Plot No. 1, Nand Nagar

Industrial Estate,

Mahuakheraganj,

Kashipur, U S Nagar,

Uttarakhand 244713

Director 05947-

226182,8958515945,9

837070533

05947-275983

2 SFC Foods Pvt. Ltd. Sector C3, Plot No. 12,

Pantnagar, Uttarakhand

3 Bharat Bhaishaiya

Shala Pvt. Ltd.

Mandir Marg Turner

Clement Town, Dehradun

248002

0135-2640792 0135-2640909

4 Jagdamba Ayurvedic

Pharmacy

E-65,66, Industrial Area,

Haridwar, Uttarakhand

5 Adarsh Ayurvedic

Pharmacy

Daksh Road, Kankhal,

Haridwar 249408,

Uttarakhand

Director,

Ayurved &

Unani

Services

01334-246660

6 Herbal Concepts

Health Care Pvt. Ltd.

Plot No.2, Sector 1,

Industrial Area, SIDCUL,

Haridwar 249403,

Uttarakhand

The Director,

Uttarakhand

Ayurvedic &

Unani

Services,

Dehradun

01334-235009

7 Anamika Herbals Plot No. 17, Sector 16-

b.I.I.E. (BHEL), SIDCUL,

Haridwar 249 403

Dr Puja

Bhardwaj,

Director/Drug

Controller,

Ayurvedic

and Unani

Sewain,

Dehradun

9411501678/ 212119 /

9837133147

8 Swadeshi Ayurvedic

Pharmacy

Arya Nagar Jwalpur,

Haridwar 249 403,

Uttaranchal

01334-325426


64

S.

No.


Person &

Designation

Telephone Fax

9 Dabur India Ltd. Plot No.4, Sector-2, IIE,

Pantnagar Diss., U.S

Nagar, Uttarkhand-

263146,

05944-398500

10 Harsoria Herbal Care 132, Village Aurenjebput,

Teh : Rooke, Distt.

Haridwar, U.K-247667

09219662979

11 Natural Remedies Pvt.

Ltd.

5B, Veerasandra

Industrial Area, 19 KM

Stone, Hosur Road,

Electronic City, Bangalore

- 560 100.

080-40209999 080-40209817

12 Peethambra Ayurved

Bhawan Ltd.

Sodhi Farm, Village

Server Khera, Tehsil

Kashipur, Dist. Udham

Singh Nagar, (U.K),

Pin.244714

05947-270032 05947-270032

13 Eastern Healthcare Plot No.7, Sector-6A, IIE

SIDCUL, Haridwar,

Uttrakhand,

Pin-249403

01334-239501-02 01334-239503

14 Jagdamba Ayurvedic

Pharmacy

E-65,66, Industrial Area,

Haridwar, Uttarkhand

15 Magikle Pharma Pvt

Ltd

Plot No. 26, Sector 6B,

SIDCUL, Haridwar,

Uttarakhand - 249403

01334-239206 01334-239205

16 Ruchi Soya Industries

Ltd.

Khasra No. 92-93,

Makhanpur, Bhagwanpur

P.O, Roorkee - 247661,


Dr. D.K.

Srivastava, Sr.

Manager

0133 291166, 67, 68

17 Eastern Health Care Plot No. 7, Sector 6A, IIE

SIDCUL, Haridwar,


01334 239501-02 01334 239503

18 Maxcure Drugs &

Pharmaceuticals Ltd.

Plot No. 13, Sector - 6A,

I.I.E, SIDCUL, Ranipur,

Haridwar - 249 403

01334 325982, 84-86,

239220-24

01334 239219


65

S.

No.


Person &

Designation

Telephone Fax

19 Jan Kalyan Ayurveda

Pharmacy

E-7, Industrial Area,


01334 225425

20 Vagbhatt

Pharmaceuticals

E-7-A, Industrial Area,


01334-226833 01334-226302

21 Divya Pharmacy C/o Prabhat Herbals Pvt.

Ltd., D-20, Industrial

Area, Haridwar

01334-265857,

322755

01334-265859

22 Akums Drugs &

Pharmaceuticals Pvt.

Ltd

Plot No. 47, Sec. 6A, IIE,

Sidcul Ranipur Haridwar

(U.K.)

Dr S K Thakur 01334-239947 01334-239950

23 Franklin Lab (India)

Herbals

KH. No-139, Makhanpur,

Bhagwanpur, Haridwar

01332-232581 01332-232583

24 Patanjali Ayurved

Limited (Unit-III)

Patanjali Food & Herbal

Park, Laksar Road,

Padartha, Haridwar

Sundup

Parashar,

Technical

Expert

9359180508

25 S B L (Pvt) Limited S B L (Pvt) Limited, 2

Commercial Complex,

Shrestha Vihar, Delhi-

110092

0120-28955293

26 Shantikunj Pharmacy Shantikunj Pharmacy,

Gayatrikunj, Haripurkala,

Dehradun-249411

Dr R P Pandey 01334-260602 01334-260866

27 Himalik Herbs India Himalik Herbs India,

Haripur Kalan,

Motichoor, via Raiwala,

Dist. Dehradun

0135-2485548 0135-2485548

28 Amritdhara Pharmacy

Pvt Ltd

Amritdhara Pharmacy Pvt

Ltd, 97-A Rajpur Road,

Dehradun-248001

Ms Neeta

Singha,

Executive

Director

0135-2743602, -

2744329

0135-2744329

29 Sun India Pharmacy

Pvt Ltd

Sun India Pharmacy Pvt

Ltd, Plot No. 4, Sec.-3, IIE,

SIDCUL, Pantnagar,

Rudrapur - 263 153

Mr V N Yadav


66

S.

No.


Person &

Designation

Telephone Fax

30 Shree Balaji Agro

Pharma

Shree Balaji Agro Pharma,

Plot No. 83, Sec.-7, IIE,

Pantnagar - 263 153

Mr Anand

Swarup

93368 57635/34

31 Sri Sri Ayurveda Sri Sri Ayurveda, Plot No.

13, 14 Sigaddi Growth

Centre, Kotdwar - 246 149

9917100279

32 Rainbow Passion Rainbow Passion, D-16, 17

Sigddi Growth Center,

Kotdwar

Authorized

Signatory

099358 32296

33 Kanti Diabetic Care

Centre

Kanti Diabetic Care

Centre, 1 Sadanand Marg,

Rishikesh, Dehra Dun -

249 201

0135-2431305 0135-2431503

34 Jaikiran Herbals Jaikiran Herbals, 43-44

IIDC, SIDCUL, Haridwar

- 249 403

Authorized

Signatory

01334-239549 011-27552780

35 Jaikiran Herbals S F C Foods Pvt Ltd, Sec.

3, Plot No. 12, Pantnagar

Authorized

Signatory

36 Good care Pharma

(Pvt)

Good care Pharma (Pvt)

Ltd, B-1 Sara Industrial

Estate, Rampur, Selaqui,

Dehradun - 248 197

Authorized

Signatory

0135-2698595

37 Arogya Formulations

P. Ltd

76, Sec. 6, SIDCUL,

Haridwar (U.K.) - 249403

01334-239155

38 Magikle Pharma Pvt.

Ltd

Plot No. 26, Sector 6b,

Sidcul Haridwar,


1334239206 1334239205

39 Shiv India

Pharmaceuticals

Plot no. 12-15 M/E Pipli

Laksar, Haridwar,


Satish Kumar

- 9897770065

40 M/s Padmavati

Pharmaceuticals

F-52, Old Industrial Area,

Haridwar, Uttarakhand -

249401

Babuulal Jain 01334-220151,

645375

01334-220150


67

S.

No.


Person &

Designation

Telephone Fax

41 Anamika Herbals Plot no. 17 sector 6-B. IIE

(B.H.E.L) SIDCUL,

Haridwar, (U.A) - 249403

Seema

Aggarwal

9411501678; 212119,

9837133147

42 Herbal Concepts

Health Care Pvt. Ltd

Plot No. 2, Sector 1,

Industrial Area, SIDCUL,

Haridwar, Uttarakhand -

249403

01334-234405 01334-235009

43 Patanjali Ayurved Ltd.

Unit- II

Maharshi Dayandand

Gram, Besides Divya

Nursery Near Patanjali

Yogpeeth, Bahadaraad,

Roorkee Road, Hrd.

01334-241274 01334-241259

44 Eli Pharmaceuticals Kh. No. 255, Vill. Sisona,

Bhagwanpur, Haridwar

01332-235137,

235327

01332- 235327

45 Rahat Herbal

Industries

Khasra No. 750, Vill.

Kishanpur, Roorkee,

Haridwar

9219400660 247667

46 Patanjali Ayurved

Limited

D- 38, Old Industrial Area

Haridwar

01334-325019 01334-265370

47 Dr. S. Farooq,

President

The Himalaya Drug

Company, Dehardun.

E. mail:

[email protected]

Fax: 91-135-2640264

0135-2640233 0135-2640264

48 Divya Pharmachy A-1, Industrial Area,

Haridwar

01334-265857,

322755

01334-265859

49 Baba Kali Kambli

Wala

Swargaashram Trust

Ayurvedic

Aashodiyla,Pauri

Gharwal

50 M/s Chaturbhuj

Pharmaceuticals

Plot No:- 84 & 85, Sec.-

6A, IIE, Sidcul, Haridwar

51 M/s Chaturbhuj

Pharmaceuticals Co.

Plot No.- 77, Sec.-6A, IIE,

SIDCUL, Haridwar



68

S.

No.


Person &

Designation

Telephone Fax

52 Shahnaz Ayurvedicn

Roorkee

Khasra No. -65, Shiv

Ganga Industrial

Estate,Roorkee, Dist.

Haridwar

53 M/s Himalaya

Pharmacy

Kharkhari Haridwar

54 Deshrakshak

Aushdhalaya Ltd.

Kankhal, Haridwar

55 Plant Herbs

Lifesciences Pvt. Ltd

B-4 Sara, Industrial Estate

Chota Rampur, Salequi,

Dehradun

56 Bharat Bhaishajya

Shala Pvt. Ltd.

Mandir Marg Turner

Clement Town, Dehradun

248002

0135-2640909

57 Prabhat Herbals (P)

Ltd.

D-20, Industrial Area,


9837766671/72

58 Emami Ltd. Plot no. -40/41 Sector 5,

IIE, Sidcul, Pantnagar

59 Hamdard (WAKF)

Laboratories

Hamdard Building, 2A/3

Asaf Ali Road

New Delhi 110 002

Ph: 91-11-

23239801/23239802/232398

03

Email:

[email protected]

om

60 Dr. N.B. Brindavanam

(Dr. Baba), DGM,

Bioresource Division

Dabur India Limited.

Ph. 9810705066


61 Green Remedies

Ayurvedic Medicine

Nirmal Gram Nakronda,

Gularghati Road,

Dehradun

9412057959


69

S.

No.


Person &

Designation

Telephone Fax

62 Dr.Sudhakar

Agarwal,, Director

ENVIN BIOCEUTICALS

PVT. LTD

P.B. No. 203, Sharda

Nagar, Saharanpur,

Saharanpur - 247001,

Uttar Pradesh, India


63 Dr. Amit Agarwal,

Director

Natural Remedies Pvt.

Ltd.,

Bangalore

E.mail:

[email protected]




71

Annexure 4 List of traders/ suppliers contacted for the market survey

S.

No.

Trader/ Supplier

Name

Contact

Person

Address Tel/Fax Email

1 Delhi Kirana House Mr Ahmad 6670, Khari Baoli,

Delhi 6

23968082

2 National Oil &

Chemicals

Mr Gaurav 2012, Kucha Chelan,

Khari Baoli, Delhi-6

42680743

3 Indo Herbs Pharma Mr Rahul

Kapoor

80, Gandhi Gali,

Fatehpuri, Delhi - 6

23960784/9

810365202

[email protected]

4 Shri Vinod Kr

Verma

Vinod Kr

Verma

80, Gandhi Gali,

Fatehpuri, Delhi - 6

9582199915

5 Nakul Enterprises Anirudh

Gupta

1886, Kucha Chelan,

Khari Baoli, Delhi - 6

9350103346 mailmeanirudhgupta@redffima

il.com

6 Vijay Sons Monu 483, Katra Eashwar

Bhavan, Khari Baoli,

Delhi - 6

9868426202 [email protected]

7 Radhika

Enterprises

Anil Kumar 536, Katra Eashwar


Delhi - 6

9811167763

8 Capital Traders Shahabuddin 1343, Tilak Bazar,

Khari Baoli, Dehi - 6

23925504

9 Bhai Pardhan Singh

& Sons

Charanjeet

Singh

533, Katra Eashwar


Delhi - 6

9810116605,

23934777

10 Ameya Enterprise Vipin

Aggarwal

51/16, 1st Floor, New

Market, Katra

Medgram, Khari

Baoli, Delhi - 6

9213712828

11 Rakesh Trading Co R Goel 330, Katra Hussain

Bux, Khari Baoli,

Delhi - 6

23962097

12 Central Herbal

Export (New

Kirana Store)

Hakim Mohd

Yameen

2564, Tilak Bazar,


23977583






72

S.

No.

Trader/ Supplier

Name

Contact

Person


13 Global Herbs Vikas Gaba 47, 3rd Floor, New

Katra Ishwar Bhavan,


9868062796 [email protected],

[email protected]

14 Asia Trading

Company

Md. Zeeshan 6699, Khari Baoli

Main Road, Delhi - 6

23935132

15 Anmol Trading

Company

Manmohan 1053, Gandhi Gali,

Fatehpuri, Delhi-6

16 Bhagwandas &

Sons

Nakul 2006, 1st Floor, Kucha

Chelan, Khari Baoli,

Delhi-6

011-

22511160

17 Natural Herbs Radheshyam 73/40, Ishwar Market,

Gandhi Gali,

Fatehpuri, Delhi-6

011-

23975938

18 Krishna Trading

Company

Fatehchand 2217 to

2220, 2nd

Floor, Gali

Hingabeg,

Tilak Bazar,

Delhi-6

19 Arjandas & sons Sardar

Arjandas

476, Khari Baoli,

Delhi-6

20 Atar Singh & Sons Ajit Singh F-6, Shraddhanand

Market, GB Road,

Delhi-6

011-

23931134

21 Shiv Deep Deepesh

Gupta

330, Katra Hussain

Bux, Khari Baoli,

Delhi - 6

011-

23979565;

9312223182

22 Saico Healthcare

Pvt. Ltd.

Paramjit

Singh

2802/440, Bara Bazar,

Kashmere Gate,

Delhi-6

011-

41504332,

23911532;

9212066713

23 Anant Overseas Rohit Gupta 2- Gopal Bhawan,

Gali Batashan,

Ramdev Market,

Khari Baoli, Delhi-6

011-

23925901;

8860069005,

9810518144


73

S.

No.

Trader/ Supplier

Name

Contact

Person


24 Jugal Kishore Mool

Chand

Deepal Gupta 281, Katra Pedan,

Tilak Bazar, Khari

Baoli, Delhi-6

011-

23930504,

23980504;

9810121491

25 Verdure Herbals Vaneet Seth 70, 1st Floor, Gandhi

Gali, Fatehpuri,

Delhi-6

011-

23942793;

9891995058

26 Greenfield

Naturals

Mr. Chand

Kant Rawat

1st Floor, Premier

Auto Sales Building,

Shastri Nagar,

Haridwar Road,

Dehradun- 248005

0135-

2665186

[email protected]

27 National Seed

Corporation

Mr. Swaran

Singh

21, Gangotri Enclave,

Opp. HCL

compound,

Niranjanpur,

Dehradun- 248001

0135-

2626339

28 Arya Vastu

Bhandar

Mr. Mayank

V Arya

46-Dispensary Road,

Dehradun-248001

Uttarakhand (India)

Tel: 0135-

2654884;

Fax: 0135-

2714693

[email protected]

m

29 Bharat Drugs

Company

50, Moti Bazar,

Dehradun-

248001

0135-

2657890

30 M/s Shri Laxmi

Trading Company

Mr Kamal

Sharma

Shop No. 14, Devpura

Ashram, Devpura

Chowk, Haridwar

9897014397,

9719171690,

9758948579

[email protected]

31 M/s Prashant

Trading Co.

Dr Arun

Malhotra

24, Shiv Pura,

Kankhal, Haridwar-

249408

9368759011,

9319023928

32 Vyas

Pharmaceuticals

Mr Ashish

Pandit

Plot No. 77, Sec.-6A,

I.I.E., SIDCUL,

Haridwar

01334-

239845,

9411111086

[email protected]

m

33 Herbal Automation Mr Vijay

Gupta

Hanuman Garhi,

Kankhal, Haridwar

01334-

200233,

9412074986,

[email protected]










74

S.

No.

Trader/ Supplier

Name

Contact

Person


9412904529

34 Deshrakshak

Aushdhalaya

Limited

Kanhal, Haridwar-

249 408

01334-

245877,

01334-

243833, fax-

01334-

245866

[email protected]

35 A S Sharda

Enterprises

Mr Subhash

Sharda, Mr

Atul K

Sharda

Nehru Marg,

Tanakpur-262309

05943-

265133 (O),

-265044 (R),

9897737133,

9897638133

[email protected]

36 Agarwal Trading

Co.

Shri Kewal

Singh

G B Panth Marg,

Ward No. 1,

Tanakpur, Dist.

Champawat - 262309

05943-

265014,

265137,

9897729684

(RK),

9760129611

(NK)

37 Himalayan

Medicinal Herb

Centre

Mr Chandra

Shekhar

Mohanpur Tankpur,

Main Bazar,

Tanakpur

05943-

265205

38 Ratan Herbal Vijay

Agarwal

G.B. Pant Marg,

Tanakpur,

Champawat District,

Pin-262309

5943-

265061,

265461,

0989760506

1




75

Annexure 5 Survyed farmers cultivating MAP in Uttara Khand State

S.No Name of farmer Village Contract

no

Dist Region MAP species

cultivating

1 Pradeep singh S/o Pralad

Singh

Sour 9411500044 Uttarkashi Garhwal Kuth, Atis

2 Jaspal Singh S/O Jagmohan

Singh

Rana Uttarkashi Garhwal Rose

3 Lakshman Singh S/O Balbir

Singh

Oshla Uttarkashi Garhwal Kuth


Singh

Oshla Uttarkashi Garhwal Atees


Singh

Oshla Uttarkashi Garhwal Meetha

6 Upendra Singh S/O Jeet Pal

Singh

Sour 7579157380 Uttarkashi Garhwal Kuth

8 Ranjor SinghS/o Amar Singh Rana Uttarkashi Garhwal Atis

9 Jayendra Singh S/O Lakhi

Singh

Kharsali 7895503308 Uttarkashi Garhwal Meetha,Kutki,

Kuth

10 Saidhar SinghS/o Abdal Sinh Oshala 9410776111 Uttarkashi Garhwal Kuth,Meetha

bish

11 Sadu Ram S/O Udami Ram Naugaon Uttarkashi Garhwal Badi Elachi

12 Janaar Singh S/O Gulab Singh Nishani Uttarkashi Garhwal Meetha

13 Chandra Singh S/o Meharban

Singh

Raini Walli 01389-

219066

Chamoli Garhwal Kuth

14 Kundan Singh S/O Sher Singh Raini Walli Chamoli Garhwal Rosemary

15 Umrao Singh S/O Diwan

Singh

Merag 7895172717 Chamoli Garhwal Kala jeera

16 Mathura Pd S/O Chandramani

Tripati

Phali 7895098937 Chamoli Garhwal Satawar,Giloi

17 Jawahar Lal mendoli S/O Lila

Nand

Phali 01372-

265252

Chamoli Garhwal Ashawagandha,

Kapoor kachari,

Bach, Tulsi

Tejpath,Stevia


76


no


cultivating

18 Mohan singh S/O Kundan

singh

Ramni Chamoli Garhwal Kuth

19 Mohan singh S/O Kundan

singh

Ramni Chamoli Garhwal Kutki

20 Ganga Singh S/O Pratap Singh Ghat Chamoli Garhwal Kutki

21 Ganga Singh S/O Pratap Singh Ghat Chamoli Garhwal Faran

22 Chandra Singh S/o Meharban

Singh

Raini walli 01389-

219066

Gopeswhar Garhwal Kuth

23 Rai SinghS/o Bana Singh Raini walli Gopeswhar Garhwal Rose marry

24 Mehtab Singh S/o Ait Singh Raini walli Gopeswhar Garhwal Choru

25 Kait Singh S/o Ait Singh Raini walli Gopeswhar Garhwal Kutki;

kuth,Dolu,

Charu

26 Lal singhS/oBakhatar Sinh Ramani Gopeswhar Garhwal Kutki,Kuth,

Kalajeera,Phard,

27 Jhabar singhS/O Fate Singh Ramani Gopeswhar Garhwal Khutki

28 Vishwambar Negi S/O Jeet

Singh

Bhadogi 9627520174 Dehra dun Garhwal Lemon grass

29 Gita Ram Joshi S/O Shiv Ram Byasbhood 9456177702 Dehra dun Garhwal Lemon grass

30 Rakesh Kumar Rohila S/O

Jyoti Pd

Dhakrani Dehra dun Garhwal Lemongrass

31 Maya Ram S/O Kali Ram Prateetpur 7351304761 Dehra dun Garhwal Lemongrass

32 Maya Ram S/O Kali Ram Prateetpur Dehra dun Garhwal Chamomile

33 Shri. Mahendra Singh, Ambadi 992752080 Dehra dun Garhwal Chomile

34 Shri. Surya Prakash

Bahuguna,

Harbat pur 9412147702 Dehra dun Garhwal Lemon grass

35 Shri. Surya Prakash

Bahuguna,

Haipur 9412147702 Dehra dun Garhwal Tulsi etc

36 Shri. Risipal Saini, Prateetpur 9690634748 Dehra dun Garhwal Lemon grass


77


no


cultivating

37 Shri. Risipal Saini, V Prateetpur 9690634748 Dehra dun Garhwal Japani mint

38 Dr. Ramesh Kasawa, Babugar

Enfield grant

8449043903 Dehra dun Garhwal Chamomile

39 Shri. Ranveer Singh Rawat, Kotla nahan 9410186391 Dehra dun Garhwal Lemon grass

40 Shri. Subhas Sharma, Ambadi 9411512238 Dehra dun Garhwal Lemon grass

41 Shri. Jeet singh Negi, Bhadogi 9627520174 Dehra dun Garhwal Lemon grass

42 Shri. Surat Singh, Jadi 9997961308 Dehra dun Garhwal Demusk rose

43 Sunder Singh Kuthal Pondha 9411768287 Dehra dun Garhwal Lemon grass

44 Lal Singh Thakur Supi 9627365121 Bageshwar Kumaun Kutki

45 Balwant Singh Supi 9627696633 Bageshwar Kumaun Kutki , Kuth

46 Prema Takuli Supi Bageshwar Kumaun Kutki , Kuth

47 Charan Singh Thakuli Supi 8954430080 Bageshwar Kumaun Kutki , Kuth

48 Durga Devi Ramari Bageshwar Kumaun Tejpath

49 Nirmala Devi Ramari Bageshwar Kumaun Tejpath

50 Tara Ramari Bageshwar Kumaun Tejpath

51 Balwant Singh Guljarpur Bageshwar Kumaun Tejpath

52 Chanchal Singh Koranga Jaulkarthar Bageshwar Kumaun Rose marry

53 Jaidev Tiwari Jaulkarthar Champawat Kumaun Tejpath

54 Lila Dhar Jaulkarthar 9627789582 Champawat Kumaun Tejpath

55 Permanad Kolony Jaul Van katiya

tok)

9536505156 Champawat Kumaun Tejpath

56 Rajendra Singh Bhandari Gudmi

Garikhot

Champawat Kumaun Tejpath

57 Shyam Sunder Singh Dighari Garighot Champawat Kumaun Satawar,

58 Uttam Singh Gowari Garighot Champawat Kumaun Satawar,

59 Madan Singh Maher Garighot Champawat Kumaun Satawar,


78


no


cultivating

60 Deb Singh Bhesa jhala Champawat Kumaun Satawar,

61 Jagdish Chandra Kakri Pachpakaria Champawat Kumaun Satawar,

62 Girish Chandra Joshi Tanakpur,

Mohanpur

9758522952 Champawat Kumaun Satawar,

63 Kailash Singh Bisht s/o Trilok

Singh Bisht

Kamluwaganja 9411594356 Nainital Kumaun Rosemary,

Thyme,Rose,

Textus,

Chamomile

64 Pradeep Kumar Aggarwal Bhanot 9837162262 Nainital Kumaun Lemon

grass,Critomella

65 Hari Singh Rawal Sunderkhal 9411343387 Nainital Kumaun Sarpagandha


79

Annexure 6 Market Demand (MT) of Medicinal and Aromatic herbs, tree, shrub and climber species

S.No. Botanical Name Price Range

(Rs. Per Kg)

No oIndustries

contacted for

Market Demand

Himalaya,

Dehradun

Hamdard

Delhi

Patanjali,

Haridwar

Dabur,

New

Delhi

Envin

(MT/annum),

Saharanpur

Natural

Remedies

(MT/annum),

Bangalore

Av. Annual

consumption

of other

contacted

industries

Quantity

used/annu

m (Major

Mandies

of UK)

1 Emblica officinalis 50-80 59 High &

Regular

Demand

16.42 150-300 185 300

(Dry)/260(Fresh)

300 276.82 844.27

2 Terminalia chebula 25-40 61 High &

Regular

Demand

16.53 150-200 285 80 83 10.39 35.69

3 Boswellia serrata 45-65 5 - 2.71 - - - - 13.03 65.14

4 Terminalia bellirica 12-18. 38 High &

Regular

Demand

4.27 150-200 150 50 95 6.44 28.04

5 Symplocos racemosa 30-45 25 - 0.19 100 38 10 8 0.94 6.66

6 Asparagus racemosus 350-480 44 High &

Regular

Demand

1.72 180-250 100 22 70 5.09

7 Cinnamomum tamala 40-70 35 - 1.63 150-400 - - - 1.22 6.16


80


(Rs. Per Kg)

No oIndustries

contacted for

Market Demand

Himalaya,

Dehradun

Hamdard

Delhi

Patanjali,

Haridwar

Dabur,

New

Delhi

Envin

(MT/annum),

Saharanpur

Natural

Remedies

(MT/annum),

Bangalore

Av. Annual

consumption

of other

contacted

industries

Quantity

used/annu

m (Major

Mandies

of UK)

8 Embelia tsjeriam-cottam 160-200 32 - - 25-40 30 35 3 5.83 21.79

9 Berberis aristata 15-25 42 - 3.82 50-100 20 10 1.35 0.72

10 Tinospora cordifolia 16-30 35 High &

Regular

Demand

6.01 200-400 125 95 40 11.68 0.96

11 Tagetes patula 4000 1 - - - - - - 0.05 0.05

12 Centella asiatica 55-100 - - 3.63 150-250 16 - 20

13 Picrorhiza kurroa 450-650 31 - 0.008 60-90 4 8 3 2.14 0.47

14 Acorus calamus Karvi Bach-

130-180,

Methi Bach-

650-1200

33 - 0.111 Karvi

Bach-250-

300,

Methi

Bach-100-

150

20 25 16 3.44 0.26

15 Ocimum sanctum 40-50 30 High &

Regular

Demand

6.1 40-60 5 80 350 1.17 5.94


81


(Rs. Per Kg)

No oIndustries

contacted for

Market Demand

Himalaya,

Dehradun

Hamdard

Delhi

Patanjali,

Haridwar

Dabur,

New

Delhi

Envin

(MT/annum),

Saharanpur

Natural

Remedies

(MT/annum),

Bangalore

Av. Annual

consumption

of other

contacted

industries

Quantity

used/annu

m (Major

Mandies

of UK)

16 Nardostachys grandiflora 400-500 32 - 2.51 30-50 3 - - 1.06

17 Swertia chirayita 350-450 23 - 0.21 50-80 18 - - 1.24

18 Ocimum basilicum 15-35 3 - - 30-40 150 - 2.41 3.63

19 Oroxylum indicum 30-50 10 - - - - - - 29.50 77.16

20 Valeriana Jatamansi 125-250 22 - - 25-40 8 - - 1.09

21 Amomum subulatum 650-1000 21 - 2.71 80-150 - - - 0.85 5.07

22 Pueraria tuberosa 30-50 25 - 0.3 - 130 10 2 2.81 9.53

23 Vitex negundo 10-20. 21 - 0.17 20-40 1 - 8 1.28 6.39

24 Hedychium spicatum small-200,

large-50

7 - - 2-5. 7 16 15 0.64 1.58

25 Mentha arvensis 25 7 - 3.43 - - - - 1.45 4.18

26 Celastrus paniculatus 250 14 - - - - 1 4.35 11.83


82


(Rs. Per Kg)

No oIndustries

contacted for

Market Demand

Himalaya,

Dehradun

Hamdard

Delhi

Patanjali,

Haridwar

Dabur,

New

Delhi

Envin

(MT/annum),

Saharanpur

Natural

Remedies

(MT/annum),

Bangalore

Av. Annual

consumption

of other

contacted

industries

Quantity

used/annu

m (Major

Mandies

of UK)

27 Aconitum heterophyllum 4000-5000 20 - 0.008 5-10. 1 - - 0.21 0.08

28 Rauvolfia serpentina 250 13 - 1.073 45-60 3 - - 0.04 0.07

29 Premna serratifolia 15-25 2 - 0.31 30-50 80 - - 24.41 48.83

30 Gentiana kurroo 250 4 - - - - - - 3.78

31 Woodfordia fruticosa 50-70 10 High &

Regular

Demand

- 30-40 130 25 10 11.69 29.83

32 Crataeva religiosa 50-70 12 - - 10-15. - - 16 0.65 3.65

33 Bauhinia variegata 13-15 12 - 6.05 20-30 - - - 0.77 2.89

34 Urarea picta 41628 11 - - 20-30 82 - - 5.91 0.12

35 Stereospermum

suaveolens

10-12. 4 - 0.1 - 88 - - 17.72 28.94

36 Paederia scandens 15-25 11 - - - 11 - - 0.71 2.75

37 Saussurea costus 125-150 10 - 2.09 40-80. 12 - - 0.49


83


(Rs. Per Kg)

No oIndustries

contacted for

Market Demand

Himalaya,

Dehradun

Hamdard

Delhi

Patanjali,

Haridwar

Dabur,

New

Delhi

Envin

(MT/annum),

Saharanpur

Natural

Remedies

(MT/annum),

Bangalore

Av. Annual

consumption

of other

contacted

industries

Quantity

used/annu

m (Major

Mandies

of UK)

38 Silybum marianum 250-300 - - - - - -

39 Carum carvi 45-70 9 - 5.86 40-60. - - 0.38 0.89

40 Zanthoxylum armatum 90-130. 9 - 2.23 70-120. 60 - - 0.24

41 Matricaria chamomilla 300 1 - 1.68 - - - - 0.04

42 Rheum emodi 45-60 7 - 1.93 9-15. 3 - 0.99

43 Taxus baccata - 0.2 5-10 - - 2

44 Myrica esculenta - 0.17 2-4 - - -

45 Sapindus mukorossi 30-70 6 - 1.15 130-500 20 - 0.08 0.29

46 Mentha piperita 1800 6 - - - - - - 0.00 0.00

47 Callicarpa macrophylla 140-170 5 - - 15-25 4 - - 1.91 3.08


84


(Rs. Per Kg)

No oIndustries

contacted for

Market Demand

Himalaya,

Dehradun

Hamdard

Delhi

Patanjali,

Haridwar

Dabur,

New

Delhi

Envin

(MT/annum),

Saharanpur

Natural

Remedies

(MT/annum),

Bangalore

Av. Annual

consumption

of other

contacted

industries

Quantity

used/annu

m (Major

Mandies

of UK)

48 Dactylorhiza hatagirea 4500-6000 - 0.42 - - - -

49 Aconitum balfourii 65-100 4 - - 10-15. 1 - - 5.15

50 Arnebia euchroma 18-50 - - - 18 - -

51 Moringa oleifera 125 2 - - - - - - 0.00

52 Polygonatum cirrhifolium 70-120 2 - - 25-35 - - - 0.09

53 Cymbopogon citratus 12-20. 3 - - 30-50 - - 1 (Oil) 3.97 5.79


85

Annexure 7: Volumetric Trend Projection of selected MAP in India from Year 2010-2014 (GIZ Report on “Domestic Market Study for selected medicinal and aromatic plants”) Unit-Tonnes

S. No. Plant species Part used 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Average annual increment of last

four years (%)

1 Satawari Dry Root 1419.47 1566.53 (10) 1728.82 (22) 1907.93 (34) 2105.60 (48) 12.10

2 Sarpagandha Dry Root 363.7 381.89 (5) 400.98 (10) 421.02 (16) 442.07 (22) 5.40

3 Kutki Dry Root 672.41 722.84 (7) 777.05 (16) 835.32 (24) 897.97 (34) 8.40

4 Tagar Dry Root 806.81 849.01 (5) 894.09 (11) 941.56 (17) 991.55 (23) 5.70

5 Atees Dry Root 56.45 58.28 (3) 60.17 (7) 62.05 (10) 64.07 (13) 3.40

6 Kuth Dry Root 715.51 774.25 (8) 837.82 (17) 906.61 (27) 981.04 (37) 9.30

7 Lemon grass Leaf 1344.29 1337.61 (0) 1437.93 (7) 1545.77 (15) 1661.70 (24) 5.90

8 Damaskrose Dry Flower 1774.56 1937.52 ((9) 2114.90 (19) 2308.84 (30) 2520.56 (42) 10.50

9 Chemomile Dry Flower 511.77 538.29 (5) 566.12 (11) 595.39 (16) 626.17 (22) 5.60

Note: The demand of each plant species product will increase as per the average annual increment of last four years. Projection of Japanese

mint not available. Values in parenthesis refer to the percentage increment with respect to the year 2010.


86

Annexure 8: Details of various Aromatic Plants Economics obtained from CAP (Centre for Aromatic Plant), Selaqui, Dehradun

Trade name

Total Input Cost/ha (without including column 13)

Yield/ha Price(Rs.) Annual/Biannual

Economic Life ( in Month/year)

Gestation period (in Month)

No of Harvest/ year

Distillation input cost(processing cost)

Estimated Annual Trade/annum of Uttarakhand (in MT)

Biomass (Leaves OR Flower)/hac (in Kg )

Rose Water (lt/hac

oil/hac ( in lt)

Biomass/Kg (Leaves/Flower)

oil/ lt

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Japanese Mint

61828 20,000 herb - 200 - 1400 Annual 4 m 4 1 10,000 (Rs 50/100 kg herb)

33.6 oil

German Chamomile

66500 1000 dry flower - - 300 dry flower

- Annual 6 m 6 1 - 2.55 flower

Lemon Grass

275750 40,000 herb - 125-200

- 750 Perennial 5 y 4 3 or 4 20,000 (Rs 50/100 kg herb)

5.13 oil

Damask Rose

276997 3000 flower 1,500 0.9 100/lt rose water

6 lac. Perennial 12 y 36 1 10,000 (Rs 350/100 kg flower)

3.54 rose water


87

Annexure 9: Details of various Aromatic Plants Economics obtained from FFDC (Fragrance and Flavour Development Centre), Kannauj.

Trade

name

Total Input

Cultivation

Cost/Ha

Yield/ha Price Annual/

Biannual

Economic

Life

Months)

Gest-ation

period

(Months)

No of

Harvest

Distillati

on input

cost

Estimated

Annual

Trade/annum (in

MT) Leaves/

hac (in

Kg )

Flower/ha

c (in Kg )

Rose

Water

(lt/hac)

oil/hac

( in lt)

Leaves/

hac (in

Kg )

Flower/

hac (in

Kg )

Rose

Water

(lt/hac)

oil/ lt

Japanese

Mint

50,000 18-20

ton

180-200 950 Annual 5 2 2 1000

perbatch/t

on

30,000

German

Chamomile

45,000 2000-3000

kg dried

3-4 kg Rs. 150-

200/kg

40,000 Annual 3 1 Multiple 5000/batc

h/500 kg

0.1-0.2

Lemon

Grass

40,000 20-22

ton

200-210 750 Perennial 4 2 4-5 in a

year

1000/batc

h/ton

750-900

Damask

Rose

85,000 5000-8000 300-500 08-1 kg Rs. 50-

100

Rs 200-

500/lit

5,00,000 Perennial 25 9 Multiple 500/batch/

100 kg

flower

0.1-0.2

Source: Dr. Ramesh Srivastava, Scientist, FFDC, Kannouj, UP, Phone: 08004743355


88


89

Annexure 10 a: Demask Rose Economics obtained from IHBT, Palampur (Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur), Himachal Pradesh.

Damask Rose Yield/hac Price (Rs)

Ol 0.28-0.35% 5.5 lk

Rose Water 2500-3000 lt 300

Flower 2500-3000 Kg 80-100

Note: 26-32 Qt Deamsk rose flower= 1 lt oil

Source: Dr. Gopichand, Incharge and Head of Agronomy and Extention Division, IHBT

Annexure 10 b: BCR of some important plant as per the details obtained from CAP, Selaqui, Dehradun

Economic Analysis of Aromatic Tree Species for Agro-forestry


1 Santalum album Chandan

(Potential)

Oil 13.9

2 Cinnamomum tamala Tejpat

(Recommended)

Oil 4.1

Economic Analysis of Aromatic plants for Cultivation


1 Pelargonium odorantissimum Geranium

(Potential)

Oil 3.54

2 Carum carvi Kala Zira

(Potential)

Oil (Caraway) 3.66



90


91

Annexure 11: Yield per hectare of MAPs Species

S.No. Trade name Product

used

Price Economic

Life

Gestation

period

Yield (Kg/Lt)/Hac Source

B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B15

1 Chemomile Dry Flower 300 0.6 0.6 1000 CAP

2 Japanese mint Oil 650 0.4 0.4 200 CAP

3 Satawari (yallow) Dry Root 250 1.5 1.5 2500 HDRI

4 Sarpagandha Dry Root 250 1.5 1.5 2500 HDRI

5 Kutki Dry Root 600 2.5 2.5 1250 HDRI

6 Tagar Dry Root 200 2.5 2.5 2500 HDRI

7 Atees Dry Root 5000 2.5 2.5 200 HDRI

8 Kuth Dry Root 150 2.5 2.5 4000 HDRI

9 Geranium Oil 12000 3 1 25 25 25 CAP

10 Kala Zira Oil 4500 3 1 25 40 40 CAP

11 Tajpat Oil 1700 30 4 120 CAP

12 Lemon grass Oil 750 5 0.4 125 200 225 200 175 CAP

13 Damaskrose Oil 500,000 10 1 0.34 0.749 1.02 1.19 1.19 CAP


92

S.No. Trade name Product

used

Price Economic

Life

Gestation

period

Yield (Kg/Lt)/Hac Source

B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B15

13 Damaskrose Rose Water 150 10 1 884 1947.4 2652 3094 3094 CAP

14 Chandan Heart wood 3000 15 15 10800 CAP

Source: Satawari- Mr Viran dra Singh Rana (Farmer), Janapath, Almora, Sarpagandha- HRDI, Kutki- Mr. Mohan Singh (Farmer), Pithoragarh, Munsiyari, Tagar- Dr. VP Bhatt,

HRDI, Gopeshwar, Atis- Mr. Mohan Singh (Farmer), pithoragarh, Munsiyari /Mr. Pralad Singh Nitwal (Farmer), Kuth- Mr. Ganga Singh (Farmer), pithoragarh, Munsiyari

/Mr. Pralad Singh Nitwal (Farmer) through HRDI. Lemongrass, Damask Rose, Japanese mint, Chemomile, Tajpat, Geranium, Kala Zira, Chandan from CAP, Selaqui,

Dehradun. B1= Benefit in the first year like wise….


93

Annexure 12: Cost of Cultivation of MAPs Species

S.No. Trade name C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 Source

1 Chemomile 66500 CAP

2 Japanese

mint

61828 CAP

3 Satawari

(yallow)

75000 125000 HDRI

4 Sarpagandha 190000 35000 HDRI

5 Kutki 135000 25000 50000 HDRI

6 Tagar 135000 25000 40000 HDRI

7 Atees 61250 50000 75000 HDRI

8 Kuth 25000 25000 50000 HDRI

9 Geranium 130673 59584 59584 CAP

10 Kala Zira 51726 35737 39937 CAP

11 Lemon grass 72038 53937 57375 48700 43700 CAP

12 Damaskrose 66735 40970 51988 57888 59416 CAP


94

S.No. Trade name C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 Source

13 Tajpat 75706 7706.2 7706 38156 38156 38156 38156 38156 38156 38156 CAP

14 Chandan 128047 52647 59947 54947 53447 45947 46447 46447 45047 45947 36447 31447 31447 21447 1111837 CAP

Source: Satawari- Mr Viran dra Singh Rana (Farmer), Janapath, Almora, Sarpagandha- HRDI, Kutki- Mr. Mohan Singh (Farmer), Pithoragarh, Munsiyari,

Tagar- Dr. VP Bhatt, HRDI, Gopeshwar, Atis- Mr. Mohan Singh (Farmer), pithoragarh, Munsiyari /Mr. Pralad Singh Nitwal (Farmer), Kuth- Mr. Ganga

Singh (Farmer), pithoragarh, Munsiyari /Mr. Pralad Singh Nitwal (Farmer), through HRDI. Lemongrass, Damask Rose, Japanese mint, Chemomile, Tajpat,

Geranium, Kala Zira, Chandan from CAP, Selaqui, Dehradun. C1= Cost incurred in the first year like wise….

Annexure 13 Input cost of MAP Input cost of Aromatic plants for one year Unit (Rs./ha)

S. No. Trade name Sapling Labor Inputs

(FYM etc)

Maintenance Total input cost of

cultivation

1 Chamomile- 1,10,000 plant (Cost of seed 2000 to 3000/kg as 700 gm to 1 kg seed

are required for raising the nursery for one hectare)

2000 to

3000

21,000 20,000 5,500 49500

2 Japanese mint -5-6 qt/hac 10,000 24,000 20,000 7,800 61828

Source: CAP, 2013


95

Input cost of Aromatic plants for five years Unit (Rs./ha)

S. No. Species Crop

Cycle

Sapling Labor Inputs

(FYM

etc)

Maintenance Total input cost of

cultivation

1

Lemongrass

3500-4400 slip/bigha, it means 55000 slips/ha. In UK 1 ha= 12.5

bigha)

Year 1 13750 35000 13288 10000 72038

Year 2 38937 - 15000 53937

Year 3 38937 3438 15000 57375

Year 4 38700 - 10000 48700

Year 5 38700 - 5000 43700

Total 13750 190274 16726 55000 275750

2

Damask Rose (2500 plants/ha)

Year 1 3750 42985 16000 4000 66735

Year 2 750 35820 400 4000 40970

Year 3 0 45988 0 6000 51988

Year 4 0 49888 0 8000 57888

Year 5 59416 0 0 59416

Total 4500 234097 20000 22000 276997

Source: CAP, 2013


96

Input cost of Aromatic plants for two years Unit (Rs./ha)

S.No. Species Crop Cycle Sapling Labor Inputs

(FYM

etc)

Maintenance Total input cost of cultivation

1

Satawari (Rs 1/plant & 27500 plants/ha) Year 1 27500 21500 16000 10000 75000

Year 2 0 110000 0 15000 125000

Total 27500 131500 16000 250000 200000

2

Sarpagandha

(Rs 1/plant & 1,10,000 plants/ha)

Year 1 1,10,000 50000 20000 10000 190000

Year 2 0 35000 0 0 35000

Total 110000 85000 20000 10000 225000

Source: HRDI, 2013

Medicinal Plants - > 2.5 year crop cycle Unit (Rs./ha)

S.No. Species Crop

Cycle


(FYM

etc)


1 Kutki


Year 1 1,3750 91250 20000 10000 135000

Year 2 20000 0 2000 25000

Year 3 50000 0 0 50000


97

S.No. Species Crop

Cycle


(FYM

etc)


Total 13,750 14,12,50 20,000 12,000 210000

2 Tagar


Year 1 1,10,000 5000 2000 135000

Year 2 25000 0 0 25000

Year 3 40000 0 0 40000

Total 1,10,000 65000 5000 2000 200000

3 Atees (Rs 1/plant & 1,10,000 plants/ha) Year 1 1,10,000 30,000 20,000 15,000 175000

Year 2 36,000 10,000 10,000 50000

Year 3 65,000 10,000 75000

Total 1,10,000 101,000 30,000 35,000 186250

4 Kuth

(0.50 piece /plant & 1,10,000 plants/ha)

Year 1 1,3750 11,200 15,000 10,000 50000

Year 2 5,000 25,000 30000

Year 3 65,000 5,000 70000

Total 1,3750 76,200 15,000 40,000 100000

Source: HRDI, 2013


98


99

Annexure 14: Selected MAPs and Subsidy provided by State and Central Government for Cultivation

Govt. Subsidy for selected Medicinal Plants

S.No. Botanical name Common Name State Government

(%)

NMPB

(%)

1 Asparagus racemosus Satawari 50 20

2 Rauvolfia serpentina Sarpagandha 50 50

3 Valeriana jatamansi Tagar 50 50

4 Saussurea costus Kuth 50 75

5 Picrorhiza kurroa Kutki 50 75

6 Aconitum heterophyllum Atees 50 75

Govt. Subsidy for selected Aromatic Plants

Govt. Subsidy other Potential Species


(%)

NMPB

(%)

1 Terminalia chebula Harad - 20

2 Tinospora cordifolia Giloy - 20

3 Terminalia bellirica Behera - 20


(%)

NMPB (%)

1 Cymbopogon citratus Leman grass 50 -

2 Mentha arvensis Japanese Mint 50 -

3 Rosa damascena Damask Rose 50 -

4 Matricaria chamomilla Chamomile 50 -


100


(%)

NMPB

(%)

4 Oroxylum indicum Sona - -

5 Celastrus paniculatus Mal- kangni - -

6 Stereospermum suaveolens Padal - -

7 Sapindusm mukorossi Ritha - -

9 Moringa oleifera Sahjan - -

10 Cinnamomum tamala Tajpat - 50

11 Myrica esculenta Kaiphal - -

12 Berberis aristata Daru Haldi - 50

13 Embelia tsjeriam-cottam Bi -Vidang -

14 Zanthoxylum armatum Timuru - 50

15 Taxus baccata Talispatra - 50

Rheum - 50

16 Dactylorhiza hatagirea Hatajadi/Damask

Salanpanja

- 50

17 Carum carvi Kala jeera 50 --

18 Santalum album Chandan - 75

19 Emblica officinalis Amla 50

Source: HRDI publication and NMPB Publication


101

Annexure 15: Consultation meetings with experts

Photo 1 TERI Team visited PCCF office for consultation meeting with Dr. RBS Rawat, PCCF,

Uttrakhand

Photo 2 TERI’s Consultation meeting with Dr. Rakesh Shah, Chairman, State Biodiversity Board,

Uttrakhand


102

Photo 3 Consultation meeting with Dr. S.K. Chandola, Managing Director, UFDC, Deharadun and

Sh. S.K. Singh, CCF, Haldwani alongwith TERI team

Photo 4 TERI Team visited FRI for consultation meeting with Dr. H.B. Naithani, Scientist and

Plant Taxonomist, FRI, Dehradun


103

Photo 5 TERI Team visited CAP for consultation meeting with Mr. Nirpendra Chauhan, Scientist

Incharge, CAP, Selaqui, Dehradun

Photo 6 TERI’s consultation meeting with Dr. A.K. Badoni, Secretary, Society for Himalayan

Environmental Research, Dehradun


104

Photo 7 TERI Team visited WII for consultation meeting with Dr. B.S. Adhikari, Scientist E,

Wildlife Institute of India (WII), Dehradun

Photo 8 Review meeting with Mr. S.K. Sharma, CEO, SMPB, Mr. N.S. Chauhan, Mr. M.S. Gusain

and Dr. R.C. Uniyal with TERI Team


105

Photo 9 Dr. Syed Arif Wali, Fellow, TERI given presentation on 19th June 2013 at FRLHT,

Bangalore for shortlisting of MAPs with Experts of FRLHT- Dr. D.K. Ved, (Rtd. IFS), Advisor,

FRLHT, Dr. R.R. Rao, CSIR Emeritus Scientist, Dr. U.K.Tiwari, Dr. R.C. Uniyal , and Dr. Abdul

Kareem, Assistant Director, FRLHT

Photo 10 TERI’s consultation meeting with Dr. S. Farooq, President, Himalaya Drug Company,

Dehradun


106

Photo 11 TERI’s consultation meeting with Dr. S. K. Patra, President & CEO, Patanjali Ayurved

Ltd, Haridwar

Photo 12 TERI’s consultation meeting with Mr. Mukul Tripathi, Production Incharge, Patanjali

Ayurved Ltd, Haridwar


107

Annexure 16: Field Interactions with Traders and Farmers

Photo 13 TERI’s Interaction with Trader at Khari Baoli, New Delhi

Photo 14 TERI team visited at Patanjali Harbal Raw Material Godown with Mr. Pratesh Panwar,

Production Manager and Mr. K.K. Mishra, Senior Manager, Patanjali Ayurved Ltd, Haridwar


108

Photo 15 TERI participated in Stakeholders Meet held on 5th November 2012 on MAPs at

Munsyari, Pithoraghar, Uttarakhand

Photo 16 Farmer - Mr. Ganga Singh – Ramani village, Ghaat Block, District Chamoli, Garhwal

Region - Kuth, Kutki


109

Photo 17 Farmer- Mr Chandan Singh, Rainiwalli village, Ghaat Block, Chamoli District, Garhwal

Region - Jammu Faran

Photo 18 Farmer-Geeta Ram Byas, Bhood village , Dehradun District , Kalsi Block, Garhwal

Region, Lemon grass and Demask Rose


110

Photo 19 Farmer: Mr. Kundan Singh, Rainiwalli village, Ghaat Block, Chamoli District, Garhwal

Region - Jammu Faran

Photo 20 Farmer: Mr. Jeet Singh Negi- Bhadogi village, Kalsi Block, District Dehradun, Garhwal

Region- Lemon grass


111

Photo 21 Farmer: Mr. Lal Singh, Ramani village, Block Ghaat, Chamoli District, Garhwal Region-

Kuth and Kutki

Photo 22 Farmer: Ms. Veena Devi, Sour village, Uttrakashi, Garhwal Region Cleaning of Kala

Zira


112

Photo 23 Farmer – Mr. Pradeep Singh, Sour village, Uttrakashi District, Garhwal Region- Kuth,

Kutki, Atees, Meetha Vish, Pushkermool

Photo 24 Farmer: Mr. Mathura Prashad, Phali village, Ghaat Block, Chamoli Distict, Garhwal

Region –Tejpat and plantation nursery


113

Photo 25 Farmer’s Field: Mr. Shri Surat Singh, Jadi Village, Chakrata Block, District Dehradun,

Garhwal region- Damask Rose Farmer

Photo 26 Farmer: Mr. Ranveer Singh Rawat, Village Kotlanahan, Sahespur Block, Dehradun

Distict- Lemon Grass


115

Annexure 17: Farms Fields of selected medicinal and aromatic Plant Species

Photo 27 Kutki - Photo credit Dr. V.P. Bhatt; Uses: Digestive, jaundice, stomach ache, constipation,

burning sensation, skin diseases, cough, asthma, fever

Photo 28 Kuth- photo credit- Shri S. K. Singh; Uses: Chronic and foul ulcers, leprosy, leucoderma,

cough, digestive complaints


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Photo 29 Atees- Photo credit Dr. V.P. Bhatt; Uses: Fever, jaundice, liver tonic, diarrhea, dysentery,

stomach disorders

Photo 30 Sarpagandha- photo credit- Shri S. K. Singh; Uses: Hypertention, fever, woulds and colic,

insomnia, epilepsy, giddiness


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Photo 31 Tagar- photo credit- Shri S. K. Singh; Uses: Epilepsy, hysteria, hypochondriasis, nervous

unrest, and skin diseases.

Photo 32 Satawari - photo credit- Shri S. K. Singh; Uses: Treatment of gastric ulcers, dyspepsia, as a

galactogogue and nervous disorders


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Photo 33 Demask Rose: copyright: "Centre for Aromatic Plants, Selaqui, Dehradun; Uses: High grade

perfumery, cosmetics, food and pharmaceutical industries, aroma therapy.

Photo 34 Japanees Mint- photo credit- Shri S. K. Singh; Uses: Confectionary, cosmetics, cough & cold,

food industries


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Photo 35 Camomile - photo credit- Shri S. K. Singh ; Uses: High grade perfumery, herbal tea,

cosmetics and aroma therapy

Photo 36 Lamon Grass - photo credit- Shri S. K. Singh; Uses: Herbal tea, perfume, cosmetics, soap,

vitamin A, aroma therapy.


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Identification of MAPs suitable for Cultivation and inclusion in Afforestation and Income Generation Programmes for the State of Urrrakhand

This study is the part of “Mainstreaming Conservation and Sustainable Use of Medicinal Plants in Three Indian States” of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), Government of India supported by the Global Environment Facility (GEF). The project is being implemented in Arunachal Pradesh, Chattisgarh and Uttrakhand by the State Medicinal Plants Boards (SMPB) along with the State Forest Departments and State Biodiversity Boards. Foundation for Revitalization of local Heath Tradition, (FRLHT), Bangalore, provides technical facilitation to the project.

The project aims to mainstream long-term conservation, sustainable and equitable use of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant (MAP) diversity into forest management policy and practice at the national, state and local level.

TERI has been awarded the component, “Identification of MAPs suitable for cultivation and inclusion in afforestation and income generating programmes for the state of Uttarakhand.”

Current policy goals in India‟s natural resource sector focus on balancing conservation with local livelihood needs. The Forestry and Biodiversity Group at TERI attempts to support these goals through a mix of research, training, and dissemination activities targated at policy-makers, implementers, and local communities.

identification of medicinal and aromatic plants suitable for...

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