Husnul atiyahLily MeiliaHari suci

Akhmad Riyanto

Definition of Blended Learning The Reason of using blended Learning

No single definition. Experts have different understanding. Some of them are:

According to university Wolverhampton (2010).” blended learning is an approach to learning and teaching which combine and aligns learning undertaken in face to face session with learning opportunities created online.

LittleJhon and pegler (2006:4).” belended laening is new types of learning activities challenge our thingking as how learning might be facilitated, creating new etiquettes of learning and teaching ang shifting the locus of control from teacher to the learner”.

Pensylvania State university (2009) explained that a blended learning approach combines face to face classroom methods with computer-mediated activities to form an integrated instructional approach.

Whitelock and jelfs: the combination of a number of pedagogic approaches, irrespctive of learning technology use.

Valiathan (2002): skill-driven learning, which combines self-faced learning with instructor or facilitator support to develop specific knowledge and skill.

Activity level Class level Program level Institution level

Why Blended Learning?

Enriching educationKnowledge accessSocial interaction

Personal agent Efficiency Ease of revision(Osguthrope and Graham)

Accessibility and flexibility

Less face to face learning

Enhancing learning independency

Various types of learning experience

Retaining social interaction between students

Promoting participation for introverts

Full provision of module related documents in electronic format.

Regular formative assessment with feedback

Opportunities to learn from each other collaboratively

Electronic personal development planning

The opportunity to submit all appropriate summative assessments electronically.

Face to face learning is interactive

Have 24/7 access to all learning content, and equality of access

Gauge their progress against the learning outcomes

Participate in Use asynchronous collaborative learning Understand students’ learning process Save time and paper (Hartoyo)

Live face to face* Instructor- led classroom* Workshops* Coaching/ Mentoring* On-the-job (OTJ) training

Live face-to-face (informal)Collegial connectionsWork teamsRole modeling

Virtual Collaboration/ SynchronousLive e-learning class.E-mentoring

Virtual Collaboration/ asynchronousEmailOnline bulletin boardsOnline communties

Self Paced LearningWeb-learning modulesOnline resources learningSimulationsScenariosVideo and audio CD/ DVDsOnline self-assessmentsworkbooks

Performance SupportHelp systemsPrint job aids knowledge databasesDocumentationPerformance/ decision support tools

By Hari Suci Sulistiawati

2.5. Blended Learning application in Language Learning

The purpose of blended learning isto enhance language learning quality.

There are so many methods, strategy, and approaches emerge as the rapidgrowth of science and technology. Oneof those strategies is “blended e-learning cooperative approach”.

There are four communicative competences which are used at the same time according to Tarigan (1984)

A.Blended e-learning (BeL) Blended learning term describes learning experience which integrates some methods.

B.Cooperative Learning (CL) Cooperative learning was firstly introduced by Johnson and Johnson (1998). They defined cooperative learning as a learning process which students learn in pairs or groups.

C. Blended e-learning cooperative approach (BeLCA)

This approach combines face-to-face learning, the utilisation of technology in learning, and learning activity in pairs or groups.

Three types of interaction: 1. Social interaction, 2. Material, and

3. Teacher interaction.

BeLCA offers some disadvantages, such as:

1.Internet cost,2.Computer availability in a great number of schools,3.Many teachers do not have enough technology literacy,4.Students readiness,5.Teachers’ workload,6.Institution support, and7.Internet abuse anxiety.

2.6. Blended Learning Prospect

Ministry of Education and Culture of Indonesia promotes:1.The utilisation of Ict in learning2.On-line courses3.Content development training4.E-learning services5.E-learning devices

The steps to design and develop Blended Learning (Dick, Carey and Carey, 2001):

1. Analyses2. Design3. Development4. Implementation5. Evaluation

7 phases of ADDIE model:1.Analysis2.Design3.Development4.Implementation5.Execution(try out)6.Evaluation 7.Feed back

Education has mingled with technology for years.

Technology utilization in education is increasing and appreciated

Not only in advance countries, the develop countriesalso utilise this apporach in learning like Indonesia, Egypt

Minister of Education and Culture of Indonesia has established the education reform that promotes the utilixation of ICT in learningOn-line courses, content development training, e-learning managemntE-learning services, and e-learning devices.

Blended e-learning cooperative approach comprises three types of interaction:

1.Social Interaction2.Material3.Teacher interaction

The model of BeLCA design consists of seven phases as presented by Dick and Carey 2002 which is based on the systematic development of learning. They are:

1.AnalysisThis phase determines what is going to be

taught

2. Design This phase determines how material will be taught.

3. The preparation and development In this phase, we must prepare the tools which are going to be used, materials, strategies, sequence, and all the resources that have been mention

4. Implementation This phase involes the use of software for e-learning process.

5. Implementation (pre-test)/Try out In this phase, the module was ready for the learning process

6. Evaluation Data entry that was collected during the implementation process, including pre-test and the problems and difficulties that arises during the implementation is evaluated

7. Feedback Pre-test result, comments, suggestions from colleagues has to be Considered.

E-learning development model

Analysis

DesignEvaluation

DevelopmentTry Out

Implementation

Feedback

Factors that Promote Successful Blended Learning:

1.Institutional success factors

2.Regarding teachers

3.Regarding students

1. Institutional success factors:

a. Blended learning models are developed that respond to local, community or organisational needs rather than using generic approach

b. Institution buliding blocks includes organizational readiness sufficient technical resources, motivated faculty, good communication and feedback channels with students (Tabor, 2007)

c. There is a room for staff to develop their own meaning for blended learning (Sharpe et al. 2006)

d. Blended learning should be introduced as a scholarly and transformative redesign process within the institution that rebuilds the course rather than simply adding on technology (Sharpe et. al, 2008)

e. Carrying out regular evaluations and publicising the results (Sharpe, Befield, Robert and Francis).

Regarding Teachers:

a.The importance of, and need for, continuing professional development for teachers with sufficient time for development should be acknowledge (Vaughan, 2007)

b.On-going pedagogical and technical support through membership of a blended community of pracitce is a proven model that sustains such teacher innovation (Garrison and Vaughan, 2008)

c.The importance of dealing with teachers’ fears of losing control lower student feedback grades and general uneasiness about the impact of online learning on classroom relationships should be considered (Vaughan, 2007)

d. The impact on teachers’ workloads mus be taken into account.

Regarding Students:

a.Students’ learning maturity and readiness for blended learning with its demands for independent learning must be considered (Tabor, 2007)

b. Students’ expectations, especially their ideas that fewer face-to-face classes mean less work and the need to develop more responsibility for their learning and time management skills must be taken into account (Vaughan, 2007; Tagor, 2007)

c. Consistent and transparent communication around the new expectations is needed in order to help students understand the blended learning process. (Sharpe et. al., 2006).

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