ict, education transformation, and economic and social development dr. robert kozma | april 2011 |...
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ICT, Education Transformation, and Economic and Social Development
Dr. Robert Kozma | April 2011 | Montevideo Uruguay
A UNESCO Workshop
ICT, EDUCATION REFORM, AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT DR. ROBERT KOZMA
The Rhetoric for ICT in Education
Many countries justify the use of ICT in schools by saying it will help create an information economy or knowledge society:
Tech/NA, Namibia’s education ICT initiative, states that “Arising from
the overall capacity building investments,
Namibia will be transformed into a knowledge-based
society.”
Jordan’s ICT-based reform effort was to make the
education sector “responsive to
employment market demands in key
industries and develop critical ‘Knowledge
Economy skills’ at all levels of the
education system”
Rwanda’s ICT in Education Strategic Plan
envisions that all Rwandans will “reach
their individual potential to become well-rounded critically thinking citizens
of an innovative , knowledge-based
economy.”
Singapore’s The third Masterplan “continues
the vision of the first and second Materplans to
enrich and transform the learning environments of our students and equip them with the critical
competencies and dispositions to succeed
in a knowledge economy”
ICT, EDUCATION REFORM, AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT DR. ROBERT KOZMA
Away from a Manufacturing Economy
• Mass production• Standardized products• Manual labor or rote cognitive tasks• Hierarchical command and control• Highly integrated organizations
ICT, EDUCATION REFORM, AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT DR. ROBERT KOZMA
ICT, EDUCATION REFORM, AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT DR. ROBERT KOZMA
Toward an Information Economy
• Services are the largest sector of 25 largest economies
• Information products and services shows the most growth
• Innovation and new knowledge are a major engine of economic growth
ICT, EDUCATION REFORM, AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT DR. ROBERT KOZMA
and a Knowledge Society
• High level of education.• High penetration of ICT in
the home.• Large majorities of people
use the internet for email.• Large majorities use it as a
primary information source• Large percentages of
young people use it to connect with groups, create and share digital materials.
ICT, EDUCATION REFORM, AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT DR. ROBERT KOZMA
Transformed Business Practices
• Self-managed teams• Regular employee
meetings• Flexible work
arrangements• Use of computers in
front-line positions
ICT, EDUCATION REFORM, AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT DR. ROBERT KOZMA
Transformed Organizational Structures
• Organizational flattening• Decentralized decision
making• Disaggregation• Out sourcing/off shoring• Cross-organizational
collaboration
ICT, EDUCATION REFORM, AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT DR. ROBERT KOZMA
ICT, EDUCATION REFORM, AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT DR. ROBERT KOZMA
Transformed Jobs
ICT, EDUCATION REFORM, AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT DR. ROBERT KOZMA
• Less demand for manual skills and routine cognitive tasks
• More demand for problem-solving, communications skills and team skills.
• ICT substitutes for low-skilled workers, supplements high-skilled workers
ICT, EDUCATION REFORM, AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT DR. ROBERT KOZMA
Transformations are Enabled by ICT
• To connect distributed teams of employees• To coordinate with
partners and suppliers• To collect and share
information• To provide products and
services to customers
ICT, EDUCATION REFORM, AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT DR. ROBERT KOZMA
Transformed Schools?
• Schools structured as enclosed groups and physical spaces• Curriculum is in silos tied to
disciplines• Teacher lectures• Students study
independently• Standardized exams test
recall and application of simple procedures• Technology used as a
supplement
ICT, EDUCATION REFORM, AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT DR. ROBERT KOZMA
Education Transformation
ICT, EDUCATION REFORM, AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT DR. ROBERT KOZMA
Is the introduction of computers enough?
What role can policy play?
Not just ICT - -
• Teaching and Learning
• Curriculum and Assessment
• Social Structure
ICT, EDUCATION REFORM, AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT DR. ROBERT KOZMA
Knowledge Ladder
• Conceptual framework for policy planning• Holistic: – All components– Aligned changes
• Developmental and progressive: – Addresses a range of current conditions.– Advances build on current resources and
experiences
• Connected to economic and social development.
ICT, EDUCATION REFORM, AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT DR. ROBERT KOZMA
A Conceptual Framework: The Knowledge Ladder
BasicEducation
KnowledgeDeepening
KnowledgeCreation
KnowledgeAcquisition
Each model has different implications for:• Policy Goals• Teaching and Learning• Curriculum and Assessment• Social Structure• ICT Use
ICT, EDUCATION REFORM, AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT DR. ROBERT KOZMA
Knowledge Ladder: Policy Goals
BasicEducation
KnowledgeDeepening
KnowledgeCreation
KnowledgeAcquisition
Increase workforce
participation improved
health and welfare
Create a highly knowledgeable citizenry that adds value to
society
Create a knowledge-
driven economy and
society
Increase primary
attendance
Graduates who apply school learning to
solve real world problems
Graduates who are creative,
innovative, lifelong
learners
Develop a manufacturing
economy
Increase secondary
completion, improve test
scores
ICT, EDUCATION REFORM, AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT DR. ROBERT KOZMA
Knowledge Ladder: Teaching and Learning
BasicEducation
KnowledgeDeepening
KnowledgeCreation
KnowledgeAcquisition
Teachers with at minimum
skills & subject
knowledge
Content & pedagogical
expertise
Communities of learners
who build on each other’s knowledge
Large student-teacher
ratios, lecture
Teachers as collaborators
and model learners
Teacher content
knowledge & direct
instruction
Students doing
individual seat work
Collaborative teams working
on complex real world projects
ICT, EDUCATION REFORM, AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT DR. ROBERT KOZMA
Knowledge Ladder: Curriculum and Assessment
BasicEducation
KnowledgeDeepening
KnowledgeCreation
KnowledgeAcquisition
Focus is on basic literacy
and numeracy
Focus on deep understanding
of key concepts and
their application to
solve real world problems
Focus on innovativenes
s and the
creation of knowledge products
Assessed by standardized
tests
Assessed by complex, real world tasks
Assessed by a community of
users
Focus on facts, simple
principles, and computer applications applied to standard
procedures
Assessed by standardized
tests
ICT, EDUCATION REFORM, AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT DR. ROBERT KOZMA
Knowledge Ladder: Social Structure
BasicEducation
KnowledgeDeepening
KnowledgeCreation
KnowledgeAcquisition
Hierarchical structure
Collaborative teaching and
learning
Anytime, anywhere,
life-long learning
Standardized delivery
Breaking disciplinary and
physical boundaries
Self-sustaining, cross-age,
cross-sector knowledge
communities
Hierarchical structure and accountability
Little teacher or student autonomy
ICT, EDUCATION REFORM, AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT DR. ROBERT KOZMA
Knowledge Ladder: ICT Use
BasicEducation
KnowledgeDeepening
KnowledgeCreation
KnowledgeAcquisition
ICT for information
delivery: radio, TV
Simulations, multimedia to
support understanding
&the application of knowledge to
solve problems
Social environments, Wikis, and knowledge-
building tools
Little computing;
little networking, potential for
teacher training.
Computers in classrooms; networks for collaboration
Computers & digital devices everywhere; networks for community
Drill and practice, tutorial
software to support test performance
Computers in labs; networks
for management
ICT, EDUCATION REFORM, AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT DR. ROBERT KOZMA
Educational Transformation
What kind of change needs to take place in education?
What role can ICT play?
Holistic Change
A Lever for Change
ICT alone will not transform education