icnscet19- international conference on new scientif ic … · 2019-03-27 · icnscet19-...
TRANSCRIPT
@IJRTER-2019, All Rights Reserved 325
ICNSCET19- International Conference on New Scientific Creations in
Engineering and Technology
MINIATURE WINDMILL BASED MICRO GRID SYSTEM
C.Laxmidevi1, C.Ramapriya
2, G.Vishnupriya
3 ,Mr.Sudalaimani
4
1Department of EEE, Kamaraj college of Engineering and technology 2Department of EEE, Kamaraj college of Engineering and technology
3Department of EEE, Kamaraj college of Engineering technology
4Assistance professor/Department of EEE , Kamaraj College of Engineering and technology
Abstract— Due to deficiency of the earth’s fossil energy resources such as oil, gas, coal, etc.
The production rate is getting deflated every year. Considering this scenario into account it is
expected that the usage of the resources may exceed the production rate in the next decades, in turn
the price of energy resources will obviously rise. It is necessary to meet the demand by alternative
energy sources (renewable) like solar, wind, geothermal etc. Among the renewable energy resources,
wind power is gaining momentum not only as a means to reduce the CO2 emissions but also as an
interesting economic alternative in areas with appropriate wind speeds. The nature of the wind is
intermittent due to varying behavior of the environment. Therefore, the power produced by such
wind turbine will also vary and injection of such power can bring new challenges when it is
connected to the grid. In this proposed scheme, the design of miniature wind mill reduces the cost as
well as the space required to install .This miniature windmill is integrated with the grid to meet the
energy demand in household .In this scheme the generated wind power can be extracted under
varying wind speed and can be stored in batteries at low power demand hours, here the
inverter control using MOSFET to achieve the faster dynamic switchover for the support of critical
loads. The permanent magnet DC generator is used to drive the wind turbine to generate output
voltage. By the use of power electronics circuit arrangement the voltage is generated to meet energy
demand.
Keywords— Generator, Inverter, turbine, load.
I. INTRODUCTION
Earth fossil energy resources such as oil, gas, coal are limited in production and are expected
to use beyond their peak in the next decades, so the price of energy may rise .In future it is
necessary to contribute with renewable energy resources, such as wind energy, solar energy ,bio-
mass, fuel cell ,geothermal, hydro, etc .The use of conventional method for producing power i.e by
using Thermal power plant requires raw material like coal or charcoal and burning of these
components will increases the emission of some greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, methane
,etc. These gases emission will always causes pollution in the environment. So in order to reduce
these conventional method, it is essential to the energy demand by alternate energy resources. The
power arising out of the wind turbine when it connected to grid system concerning the power
quality measurements are the active power, reactive power, voltage sag, voltage swell, flicker
harmonics, and electrical behaviour of switching operation and these are measured according to
national/international guidelines.
1st International Conference on New Scientific Creations in Engineering and Technology (ICNSCET-19)
International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering & Research (IJRTER)
Special Issue; March - 2019 [ISSN: 2455-1457]
@IJRTER-2019, All Rights Reserved 326
II. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
The proposed system has two main parts hardware and software. The hardware part consists of
four main hardware components windmill, inverter and grid or lightning load, battery. The battery is
charged during high wind power availability .The inverter which is used to convert dc to ac produced
by wind generator.
III. HARDWARE ARCHITECTURE
The project is built on wind turbine the energy capture by the wind mill based on the rotation of
the wind blades. The generator which we use is a permanent magnet DC generator the energy from
the generator is DC. The load which we are using is a lightning load, so we want the output from the
windmill should be AC.In order to convert this DC to AC. An inverter is used for this purpose .This
AC is finally fed to the load.
3.1. DESIGN OF WINDMILL
Wind turbine used for electricity have three or four blades .Here we have designed four
blades .To design and making blades we use a PVC pipe of 72cm in long and the diameter of 16cm
then travelled into two halves along it so that became each half-length 72cm and then measured
10cm from one of two sides and 4cm from the other two side on the same part of the two halves .We
have making the blade by cutting the PVC pipe according the measurements described above using
jigsaw repeat the process four times as the number of blades .Each blade must be sharpening at the
side that cut the air, the process described is shown in figure below:
Others materials may be used to make a blades such as wood .But in our wind turbine we
used blades made from PVC pipe because it is very strong for it’s weight, easy to
carve,inexpensive,and resistant to fatigue cracking .Steel and aluminium blades are much too heavy
and prone to fatigue cracking.
3.2. PERMANENT MAGNET DC GENERATOR
Permanent magnet DC generator generates alternating current. It will not generate ‘mains
voltage’ or ‘utility power’ AC .It generates low voltage, three phase AC, and then changes it into
direct current (DC) for charging a 12 volt battery.
1st International Conference on New Scientific Creations in Engineering and Technology (ICNSCET-19)
International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering & Research (IJRTER)
Special Issue; March - 2019 [ISSN: 2455-1457]
@IJRTER-2019, All Rights Reserved 327
The PMG consists of:
� A steel spine and shaft.
� A stator containing coils of wire.
� Two magnet rotors.
The PMG works at low rotational speed .The power output of the PMG charging a 12 volt
battery .At 420 rpm it generates 180 watts. The PMG is attached to blades.
3.3. INVERTER
The Inverter circuit is designed using CD4047.
COMPONENTS OF INVERTER CIRCUIT:
� Battery-12V,7Ah
� IC-CD4047
� MOSFET IRF540
� Resistor-330 ohm,1k ohm,220 ohm,390 ohm
� Diode-1N4007
� Switch
� Capacitor-
� Transformer
IC-CD4047:
CD4047 is a low power IC capable of operating in astable or monostable mode .Here it is wired
in astable mode .It works by charging a capacitor (C2) through a resistor (R1).Variable resistor
(R1) is provided for adjusting the output frequency to exact 50Hz.The CD4047 has two outputs
.These square wave pulses are pre-amplified by TIP22 transistors .This amplified current is used
to switch 2N3055 transistors to drive the inverter transformer .Two 2N3055 transistors are
connected in parallel to increase the current driving capabilities .The Zener Diode ZD1 and
Capacitor C2 is used to provide constant 9V for the IC.
MOSFET:
The inverter circuit is formed using MOSFET.A power MOSFET is a specific type of
metal oxide semiconductor FFT designed to handle large amount of power .Compared to other
1st International Conference on New Scientific Creations in Engineering and Technology (ICNSCET-19)
International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering & Research (IJRTER)
Special Issue; March - 2019 [ISSN: 2455-1457]
@IJRTER-2019, All Rights Reserved 328
power semiconductor devices (IGBT,BJT), its main advantages are high commutation speed and
good efficiency at low voltages and it has high switching frequency .The MOSFET that we have
used here is IRF540.
TRANSFORMER:
A Step down Transformer is one ,which converts a high voltage at the primary side to a
low voltage at the secondary side. The primary winding of a step down transformer has more
turns than the secondary winding.
Inverter circuit output waveform
3.4. 4 BATTERY
SPECIFICATIONS
Nominal Voltage: 12 V
Nominal capacity@20hr rate (AH):7.0
Discharge current@ 20 hr rate (Ma):350
Dimensions: 15.1*6.5*9.4cm (5.95*2.56*3.7)
Weight: 2.7kg
CAPACITY
The capacity of a battery ,expressed in ampere-hours (AH),is the total amount of electrical
energy available from a fully charged cell .Its value depends on the discharge current,the temperature
during discharge ,the final cut-off voltage, and the general history of the battery.When a battery
discharges current at a constant rate ,its capacity changes according to the amperage load.Capacity
increases when the discharge current is less than the 20-hour rate and decreases when the current is
higher.
.
IV. CONCLUSION
1st International Conference on New Scientific Creations in Engineering and Technology (ICNSCET-19)
International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering & Research (IJRTER)
Special Issue; March - 2019 [ISSN: 2455-1457]
@IJRTER-2019, All Rights Reserved 329
In this paper we have introduced miniature windmill design which is able to meet the current demand
in household loads when it is connected to the grid .This system does not require any additional
requirements because the source which we use here is renewable energy. With this miniature design
we are able generate electricity for satisfying loads which we are used in household.
V. REFERENCE
[1] Yongsu han, Jung –jk ha –wound rotor machine fed by a single phase grid and controlled isolated
inverter,Vol.29,No.9,Sept 2014.
[2] K.S Hook ,Y. Liu , and S. Atcitty , “Mitigation of the wind generation integration related power
quality issues by energy storage , “EPQUJ , Vol.X11,no.2, 2006
[3]R. Billiton and Y. Gao , “Energy conversion system models for adequacy assessment of
generating systems incorporating wind energy,” IEEE Trans.on E .Conv.,Vol.23,no.1,pp.163-
169,2008,Multistate.
[4]S. Heier, Grid Integration of wind energy conversions .Hoboken, NJ: Wiley ,2007,pp .256-259.