icnd 1 - capitulo 1
TRANSCRIPT
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INTERCONEXION DEDISPOSITIVOS DE RED CISCO
ICND 1
CAPITULO 1:CONSTRUYENDO REDES
SENCILLAS
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Al completar este capitulo , estar en lacapacidad de:
Identificar los beneficios de una red de ordenadores y comofunciona.
Identificar las amenzas comunes a una red de datos y losdiferentes metodos para mitigar estas.
Identificar y comparar los modelos de comunicacin entrehost OSI y TCP / IP
Describir el direccionamiento IP y como se pueden obtenerlas direcciones IP.
Describir el procedimiento que TCP usa para establecerconexin
Objectivos
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Describir el proceso de entrega de paquetes host a host.
Describir como opera Ethernet en la Capa 1 y 2 del modeloOSI
Explicar como se conecta una LAN Ethernet.
Objectivos (cont.)
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Definiendo componentes deRed (Cont.)
Floor 2
Floor 1
Server Farm
BranchOffice
Telecommuter
ISDN
Remote Campus
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Acceso y conexin a redes dedatos
Internet
Telecommuter
Branch Office
Modem or ISDN TA
Mobile User
Main Office
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Seguridad en la red
Core_Server
core_sw_a
ISDN Cloud
core_sw_bcore_sw_b
Leased Line/Frame Relay
Internet
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MODELOS DE COMUNICACIN
Capas deAplicacin(Upper layers)
Sesin
Presentacin
Applicacin
Modelo OSI
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MODELOS DE COMUNICACIN
Modelo OSI
Capas deFlujo de datos(Data FlowLayers)
Transporte
Enlace de datos
Red
Fisica
Sesin
Presentacin
ApplicacinCapas deAplicacin
(Upper layers)
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Roles de las capas de
ApplicacinTelnetFTP
Interfaz de usuario
EJEMPLOS
Applicacin
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TelnetFTP
ASCIIEBCDICJPEG
Interfaz de usuario
Como se presentanlos datos
Procesos especialestales como Cifrado
EJEMPLOS
Presentacin
Applicacin
Roles de las capas de
Applicacin
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TelnetFTP
ASCIIEBCDICJPEG
Mantener diferentesapliciones separadas
Sistemas Operativos/Agenda de aplicaciones
de acceso
EJEMPLOS
Sesion
Applicacin
Roles de las capas de
Applicacin
Como se presentan
los datosProcesos especialestales como Cifrado
Presentacin
Interfaz de usuario
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TCPUDPSPX
802.3 / 802.2HDLC
EIA/TIA-232V.35
IPIPX
EJEMPLOS
Rol de las capas de flujos de
datos
Transporte
Fisica
Entrega de datos segura y no segura Correccin de errores antes de
retransmitir
Combina bits en bytes y
bytes en tramas Acceso al medio usando MAC address Error detection not correction
Move bits between devices Specifies voltage, wire speed and
pin-out cables
Red
Entrega direccionamiento lgicoLos Enrutadores determinan el mejorcamino a seguir
Enlace dedatos
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TCPUDPSPX
802.3 / 802.2HDLC
EIA/TIA-232V.35
IPIPX
Presentation
Application
SessionEXAMPLES
Role of Data Flow Layers
Reliable or unreliable delivery Error correction before retransmit
Combines bits into bytes and
bytes into frames Access to media using MAC address Error detection not correction
Move bits between devices Specifies voltage, wire speed and
pin-out cables
Transport
Data Link
Physical
NetworkProvide logical addressing whichrouters use for path determination
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Transport
Data Link
Physical
Network
Upper Layer Data
Upper Layer DataTCP Header
DataIP Header
DataLLC Header
0101110101001000010
DataMAC Header
Presentation
Application
Session
Segment
Packet
Bits
Frame
PDU
FCS
FCS
Encapsulating Data
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Upper Layer Data
De-encapsulating Data
LLC Hdr + IP + TCP + Upper Layer Data
IP + TCP + Upper Layer Data
TCP+ Upper Layer Data
Upper Layer Data
0101110101001000010
Transport
Data Link
Physical
Network
Presentation
Application
Session
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Physical Layer Functions
Defines
Media type
Connector type
Signaling type
802.3
Physical
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Physical Layer: Ethernet/802.3
Hub
Host
10Base2Thin Ethernet
10Base5Thick Ethernet
10BaseTTwisted Pair
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Hubs Operate at Physical layer
A B C D
Physical
All devices in the same collision domain
All devices in the same broadcast domain
Devices share the same bandwidth
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Hubs: One Collision Domain
More end stations means
more collisions CSMA/CD is used
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Data Link layer FunctionsDefines
Physical source anddestination addresses
Higher layer protocol(Service Access Point)associated with frame
Network topology
Frame sequencing
Flow control
Connection-orientedor connectionless
DataL
ink
Phys
ical
EIA/TIA-232
v.35
802.2
802.3
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DataSource add FCSLengthDest add
Variable266 4
0000.0C xx.xxxx
Vendorassigned
IEEE assigned
MAC Layer - 802.3Data Link Layer Functions (cont.)
Preamble
Ethernet IIuses Type
here and
does not use802.2.
MAC Address
8# Bytes
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DataDest
SAP
Source
SAP
DataSource add FCSLengthDest add
Variable11
802.2 (SAP)
MAC Layer - 802.3
Data Link Layer Functions (cont.)
Ctrl
1 or 2
3 2
Preamble
DataDest SAP
AASource SAP
AA
Variable11
802.2 (SNAP)
Ctrl
03
1 or 2
OR
OUIID
Type
# Bytes
# Bytes
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Each segment has its own collision domain
All segments are in the same broadcast domain
Data Link
Switches and BridgesOperate at Data Link Layer
OR1 2 3 1 24
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Switches
Each segment has itsown collision domain
Broadcasts areforwarded to allsegments
Memory
Switch
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Network Layer Functions
Defines logicalsource anddestination
addressesassociated with aspecific protocol
Defines pathsthrough network
Interconnectsmultiple data links
Network
IP, IPX
DataLink
Physical
EIA/TIA-232
v.35
802.2
802.3
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DataSource
address
Destination
address
IP
Network Layer Functions (cont.)
Header
172.15.1.1
NodeNetwork
LogicalAddress
Network Layer End Station Packet
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Network Layer Functions (cont.)
11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000
10101100 00010000 01111010 11001100
BinaryMask
BinaryAddress
172.16.122.204 255.255.0.0
172 16 122 204
255
Address Mask
255 0 0
Network Host
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Routing Table
NET INT Metric
124
S0S0E0
100
1.0 4.0
1.3
E0
4.3
S0
2.2
E0
2.1
S0
4.1
4.2
1.1
1.2
Routing Table
NET INT Metric
124
E0S0S0
001
Logical addressing allows for hierarchical network Configuration required
Uses configured information to identify paths to networks
Network Layer Functions (cont.)
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Routers: Operate at theNetwork Layer
Broadcast control
Multicast control
Optimal pathdetermination
Traffic management
Logical addressing
Connects to WANservices
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Transport Layer Functions
Distinguishes betweenupper layer applications
Establishes end-to-end
connectivity betweenapplications
Defines flow control
Provides reliable orunreliable services fordata transfer
Net
work
IPXIP
Trans
port
SPXTCP UDP
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Reliable Transport Layer
Functions
Synchronize
Acknowledge, Synchronize
Acknowledge
Data Transfer
(Send Segments)
Sender Receiver
Connection Established
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Using Telnet to Connect to Remote Devices
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Viewing Telnet Connections
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Using the ping and traceCommands
Tests the connectivity and path to a remote device
Router###ping 10.1.1.10
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.1.10, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 4/4/4 ms
Router#trace 192.168.101.101
Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 192.168.101.101
1 p1r1 (192.168.1.49) 20 msec 16 msec 16 msec2 p1r2 (192.168.1.18) 48 msec * 44 msec
Router#
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core_sw_a
ISDN CloudLeased Line/Frame Relay
Cabling the Campus
Legend
FastEthernet/
Ethernet
ISDN
Dedicated
Core_Server
LAN Ph i l L
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Physical
Data Link(MAC layer)
LAN Physical LayerImplementations
Physical layer implementations vary
Some implementations support multiplephysical media
10B
aseT
802.3
10B
ase5
10B
ase2
802.3 Specificationsfor 10MB Ethernet
802.3u Specificationsfor 100MB (Fast)
Ethernet
10B
aseF
DIXStandard
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Positioning Ethernet in theCampus
AccessLayer
DistributionLayer
Core Layer
Ethernet 100BaseTPosition
Gigabit Ethernet Position
Access
Layer
DistributionLayer
Core Layer
Provides connectivty
between the end userdevice and the accessswitch.
Not typically used at thislayer.
Gives high-performance PC and
workstations 1000-Mbps access tothe server.
Provides connectivity between accessand distribution layers. Providesconnectivity from the distribution to
core layer. Provides connectivity fromthe server block to the core layer.
Provides inter-switch connectivity.Not typically used at thislayer.
C i Eth t M di
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Comparing Ethernet MediaRequirements
100 BaseT
Duplex media-interfaceconnector(MIC) ST
Diff ti ti b t
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Differentiating betweenConnections
AUI connectorsare DB15
ISO 8877 (RJ-45)connectors and jacksare slightly larger than
RJ-11 phoneconnectors and jacks
Fiber Connector Port
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UTP Device
The RJ-45 Connector
1
8
8 Pair 4 R4
12
3
4
5
6
7
Wire PairT is TipR is Ring
Pair 3 T2
Pair 3 R2
Pair 2 T3
Pair 1 R1
Pair 1 T1
Pair 2 R3
Pair 4 T4
Pin
UTP I l t ti
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UTP ImplementationStraight-through
Wires on cable endsare in same order
Pin Label1 RD+2 RD-3 TD+
4 NC5 NC6 TD-7 NC8 NC
Pin Label1 TD+2 TD-3 RD+
4 NC5 NC6 RD-7 NC8 NC
Server/Router
81
wg
g bwo
wb
o brwbr
1
8
Straight-through Cable
81Hub/Switch
81
wg
g bwo
wb
o brwbr
UTP I l t ti
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UTP ImplementationCrossover
Some wires on cableends are crossed
8 1
wo
ob wg
wb
gbr wbr
Cable 10BaseT/100BaseT Crossover
Pin Label1 RD+2 RD-3 TD+
4 NC5 NC6 TD-7 NC8 NC
Pin Label1 RD+2 RD-3 TD+
4 NC5 NC6 TD-7 NC8 NC
Crossover Cable
1
8 1
8
8 1
wg
gwb
wo
b obr wbr
Hub/Switch Hub/Switch
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Cabling the Campus
Determine the physical media used- 100MB or 1000MB
Indicates what type of CAT cable is required
Locating interfaces on the chassis- determine if oneor both ports have an X
Indicates if need crossover or straight-through cable
1000 MbpsCat 5, 6
Crossover
100 MbpsCat 5
Crossover1000 MbpsCat 5,6
Straight-through
10 MbpsCat 3, 4, 5
Straight-through
100 MbpsCat 3, 4, 5
Straight-through