Situation and trends of malnutritionand impact on morbidity and mortality

F. Branca

Director Department of Nutrition for Health and development

WHO/HQ

PREPARATORY TECHNICAL MEETINGFAO Headquarters, Rome, Italy

13-15 November 2013

Malnutrition : is MDG1 (target 1c) enough ?

Source : UN MDG report 2013

162 million children with stunted growth in 2012

Source: UNICEF, WHO, The World Bank. Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates. (UNICEF, New York; WHO, Geneva; The World Bank, Washington, DC; 2013

Which countries are home to the stunted children ?

51 million wasted children in 2012

Source: UNICEF, WHO, The World Bank. Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates. (UNICEF, New York; WHO, Geneva; The World Bank, Washington, DC; 2013

Where are the hot spots for acute malnutrition?

Source: UNICEF, WHO, The World Bank. Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates. (UNICEF, New York; WHO, Geneva; The World Bank, Washington, DC; 2013

Trends in Low Birth Weight

1980s 1990s 2000s05

10152025303540

World Africa East Asia South Asia

South East Asia latin America & Caribbean West Asia

Years

%

Source : UNSCN, 2010

Prevalence of small-for-gestational-age births, by UN regions

Source : Black et al. Lancet June 2013

496 million non pregnant womenand 32 million pregnant women with anemia

Source : Stevens et al. Lancet Glob Health 2013; 1: e16–25

273 million children with anemia

Source : Stevens et al. Lancet Glob Health 2013; 1: e16–25

Prevalence of vitamin A deficiency (1995–2005), iodine deficiency (2013), inadequate zinc intake

(2005),

Source : Black et al. Lancet June 2013

44 million children are overweight

Source: UNICEF, WHO, The World Bank. Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates. (UNICEF, New York; WHO, Geneva; The World Bank, Washington, DC; 2013

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

AFR AMR EMR EUR SEAR WPR Lowincome

Low ermiddleincome

Uppermiddleincome

Highincome

% o

f p

op

ula

tio

n

Men Women Both Sexes

500 million obese individuals aged 20+ years (2008)

Source: Global status report on noncommunicable diseases 2010. World Health Organization 2011

Women’s underweight and overweight

Source : Black et al. Lancet June 2013

The double burden of malnutrition

Source: WHO Global Database on Body Mass Index

Share of countries in each malnutrition categoryby degree of urbanization

Source : FAO SOFA 2013

Leading risk factors for global burden of disease in 1990 and 2010

Burden of disease attributable to 20 leading risk factorsin 2010, as a % of global DALYs

High BMI accounted for 3.4 M deaths and 3·8% of global DALYs in 2010Poor diet and physical inactivity 10% of global DALYs

Key messages• Multiple forms of malnutrition coexist :

• Low birth weight, wasting, stunting• Micronutrient deficiencies• Overweight/obesity and diet related NCDs

• Malnutrition is not decreasing and is affecting the majority of the world population

• The changing burden of disease should influence the way we think global development

• There are important differences in the world distribution of different forms of malnutrition, but similar global trends