Ice BreakerIce Breaker

• Are fungi-like protists prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

• Are fungi-like protists autotrophic or heterotrophic?

• Thinking back to our nitrogen cycle, why are fungi important?

Microscope Images of the DayMicroscope Images of the Day

Hint: The Drink of the GodsHint: A Girl’s Best Friend

Diamond Wine

Section Four: FungiSection Four: Fungi

Miss Charney

Northville Central School

What Exactly is Fungi?What Exactly is Fungi?• Fungi- eukaryotes that

have cell walls, are heterotrophs, both unicellular and multicellular, and reproduce by spores

• They need warm, moist places to grow• Example of places:

trees, bathroom tiles, moist foods, even human bodies

Cell Structure of FungiCell Structure of Fungi• Unicellular and Multicellular• Cell Wall- a rigid structure

that surrounds fungal cells• Hyphae- branch-like tubes

that are nothing more than cytoplasm with a lot of nuclei• Hyphae can be either

loosely packed (i.e. fuzzy looking bread molds), or tightly packed (i.e. the mushrooms that you find in your salad)

Nutrition in FungiNutrition in Fungi• Hyphae grow into

food sources (i.e. logs, bread, etc)

• Hyphae secrete digestive chemicals• Digestive chemicals

break materials down to small particles

• Small particles get absorbed by the hyphae

Reproduction in FungiReproduction in Fungi• Fungi reproduce by making

spores• Spores- lightweight, covered

by a protective coating, and can be easily carried through the air or water to new areas

• Spores are produced in fruiting bodies• Fruiting bodies- reproductive

structures

• Fungi undergo both asexual and sexual reproduction

Reproduction in FungiReproduction in Fungi• Asexual Reproduction

• Asexual reproduction happens when there is enough food and moisture

• Budding- spores are not produced…a little cell grows out of a parent

• Similar to a way in which a bud comes out of a tree branch

• Sexual Reproduction• Sexual reproduction happens when

there is little food and moisture• Two hyphae from other fungi grow

together

Classification of FungiClassification of Fungi

• Club Fungi- mushrooms, puffballs

• Sac Fungi- yeast

• Zygote Fungi- bread molds

The Role of Fungi in NatureThe Role of Fungi in Nature• Food and Fungi

• Yeast is added to bread• Sugar and yeast added…yeast feeds on

the sugar and produces carbon dioxide• Those are the holes that you see in bread

• The blue color in blue cheese is a mold

• Mushrooms on pizza, in soups, etc.

• Environmental Recycling• Fungi are decomposers and break

down dead animals and wastes

The Role of Fungi in NatureThe Role of Fungi in Nature• Disease-Fighting Fungi

• Penicillin is made from a mold called Penicillium, which kills bacterial infections

• Fungus-Plant Root Associations• Hyphae from a fungus

grows onto the roots of a tree to help get water deep down into the soil for the tree to use

• Disease-Causing Fungi• Many diseases caused by

fungi…• Dutch Elm Disease• Wheat Rust• Athlete’s Foot• Ringworm

LichensLichens• Lichen- a fungus and either

• Algae or• Autotrophic bacteria that live together in a mutualistic

relationship• Found on rocks and trees as flat

patches• Considered to be pioneer

species• Over time, they will break down

the rocks into soil• They are also very sensitive to

air pollution, so they die off when there are higher levels of pollutants in the air