ibr, bvd, besnoitiosis - sciensano

5th A.H. SymposiumSciensano Uccle

22/09/2020

IBR, BVD, BesnoitiosisUpdate and prospects for Wallonia

Animal Health SymposiumSciensano - Uccle

2020, september the 22nd

Houtain Jean-Yves, DMVDepartment of Epidemiology and Animal Health Improvement

ARSIA - ASBL


22/09/2020

Part 1 - IBR


22/09/2020

HERD qualificationSituation on 01/09/2020

Part 1 - IBR

Herd IBR Status Nb Herds %

I1 27 0,3%

I2 Fattening 115 1,3%

I2 201 2,3%

I2d 264 3,0%

I3 7 604 86,1%

I4 624 7,1%

Total 8 835


22/09/2020

HERD qualificationSituation on 01/09/2020

Part 1 - IBR

Herd IBR Status Nb animals %

I1 587 0,1%

I2 Fattening 16 606 1,5%

I2 44 011 4,1%

I2d 32 656 3,0%

I3 944 193 86,9%

I4 48 347 4,5%

Total 1 086 400


22/09/2020

HERD qualification – IBR Free

Part 1 - IBR


22/09/2020

Loss of IBR-free qualification

Part 1 - IBR


22/09/2020

Purchases in free-herdsIBR gE Prevalence & incidence

Part 1 - IBR


22/09/2020

Purchase of IBR gE+ animalsProbable origin of the infection

Part 1 - IBR


22/09/2020

Clearance of gE+ animal

Part 1 - IBR


22/09/2020

Monitoring on tankmilk

652 eligible herdsFree herds I3 / I4

Only dairy production• >= 95 % MILK race-type among females older

than 2 years• < 5 % male

189 (29 %) enrolled herds

Part 1 - IBR

Herd IBR Status gE antibody ELISA IBR antibody ELISA Total

I3 82 90 172

I4 0 17 17

Total 82 107 189


22/09/2020

Tankmilk : BoHV-1 i-ELISA in I3 herds

Part 1 - IBR


22/09/2020

21/04/21 Animal Health Law

All BE « I4 / I3 » EU-« IBR-Free » IBR-Free

Vaccination banGranting and maintenance based on

• Non vaccinated animals Whole BoHV-1/gB Ab ELISA• Vaccinated animals BoHV-1-gE Ab ELISA

BE: 3 kinds of monitoring

Part 1 - IBR

‘Old’ IBR status New IBR status Type of monitoring

I4 I4agB ELISA

At random sampling

I3 (since > 3 years) I4bgE ELISA

At random sampling

I3 (3 first years) I4cgE ELISA

All animals >= 24 months

• I4c 3 years I4b

• I4b ?? years I4a


22/09/2020

Part 2 - BVD


22/09/2020

Evolution of BVDv incidence at birth

Part 2 - BVD


22/09/2020

% PI calves per month of birth

2015:0,54%

(2607 PI)

2016:0,33%

(1577 PI)

2017:0,20%

(891 PI)

2018:0,10%

(446 PI)

2019:0,05%

(218 PI)

2020:0,03%

(69 PI)**114 expected

Part 2 - BVD


22/09/2020

Nb of PI & Unknown animals

Part 2 - BVD


22/09/2020

BVD Individual status

Part 2 - BVD


22/09/2020

Herd incidence

Part 2 - BVD


22/09/2020

Herd qualification

Loss of BVD-Free HERD status113 / 8839 i.e. 1,3 %

Part 2 - BVD


22/09/2020

Loss of BVD-Free herd qualification

Part 2 - BVD


22/09/2020

BVD Serological MonitoringType of (choosen) monitoring Nb of herds

Mandatory testing of newborn calves(< 10 animal aged 8-14 months)

3617

Voluntary testing of newborn calves 4866

Serological monitoring 178

Virology Serology Virology 29

Given reasons for returning to virology Nb of herds

In the month afterReconsideration of the choice 8

Pressure from the VET 12

Before 1st serologyPI detected in neighbour pasture 1

Not enough sentinel animals 4

Difficulties of sampling 2

After 1st serologyVaccinated herd => Sero-Positive animals 3

Part 2 - BVD


22/09/2020

BVD Serological Monitoring1st results

ELISA Results Nb of herds Cause Nb of herds

> 2 ELISA + / 10 3 Vaccination 3

Infection 0

≤ 2 ELISA + / 10 14 Vaccination 3

Aspecfic result 2

Fraud (adult taken instead of a young / sentry animal)

1

Second screening = negative 7

On going confirmation procedure 0

Confirmed sero+ => Virologicalmonitoring

1

100 % negative 95 95

Total 112

Part 2 - BVD


22/09/2020

Part 2 - Besnoitiosis


22/09/2020

Reminder

Agent : Besnoitia besnoiti (Coccidia)

3 possible clinical stadium BUT infection is mainly asymptomatic

Phase1 : FEVER(+ epiphora)

Phase 2 : œdema Phase 3 : Sclerodermia Depilation



22/09/2020

Transmission routes

Mechanical vectorial transmission

Lifetime persistance of the infection Cysts in the dermis

Endemic in southern France, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Switzerland

Detected in Germany Belgium = FREE



22/09/2020

Increased vigilance on imports

• Since jan. 2018

• Systematicbesnoitiosis Ab ELISA (IBR samples)on imported cattlefrom FR, ES, PO, IT & CH

• No ELISA +• 2018 : 1917 tests• 2019 : 2057 tests• 2020 : 1445 tests



22/09/2020

Systematic testing on animalsoriginated from endemic regions

Region of origin (situation on 01/06/2020)


22/09/2020

05/2019 First « local » cases

Farm +- 120 cattle in Oteppe (Burdinne) Aubrac Bull Phase III (sclerodermia )

History of acute phase symptoms (fever, testis œdema) Many cattle importated from FR since 2008

2 animals with clinical signs= POSITIVE to Besnoitiose Ab ELISA

ELISA + animals Animal 1 : Aubrac Bull, 6 years old, imported in feb. 2015 Animal 2 : Aubrac cow, 6 years old, born in the herd

(mother cow = imported from FR in 2008)



22/09/2020

Contact herds tracingCase herd 1

Naisseur (109 bv)Burdinne20 + / 82

2nd case herd 2Naisseur (3 Bv)

Hermalle / Huy1 + / 3

Sale of 3 cowsnov. 2018

2nd case herd 3Naisseur (67 Bv)

Burdinne2 + / 18

Pasture Contact

Herd 1Orval

DistancedPasture

Case herd 4Fattening facility

Soignies1 + / screening

Sale 6 cowsapril 2019

Contact herd 5Fattening facility

Bastogne0 + / 38

Sale of 1 cowdec. 2017

Contact herds 6 to18Mainly fattening facilities

FLANDERS

Contact herds 19 à 32Veal calves facilities

FLANDERS



22/09/2020

Tracing Imported animals

Retrospective ELISA testing on importedanimals originated from endemic regionssince 2013Started december 1, 2019Combined with IBR serology

Nb of animals Nb of herds

Cattles initially imported 26 794 1 543

Still alive 5 467 842

Yet to be tested 427 (8 %) 120 (14%)

3 infected herds detected



22/09/2020

3 further detected case herds

Detectiondate

LocalityScreeni

ng

+ animal import

dateRegion of origin

Nb + animalsstill alive

Secundaryherd cases

Case herd 5 janv-20 Vironval2+

(110/165)2015 &

2017France

Gironde et Pyrénées-

Atlantiques0+ 0

Case herd 6 janv-20 Bertrix 1+ (& 1ni) 2013 France Doubs1 Elisa Ni

(tested Neg)0

Case herd 7 févr-20 MarcheForeseendec. 2020

2013 France Ariège ? ?



22/09/2020

TO DO …

Creation of a national legislation Requested by agricultural unions

Principles Systematic ELISA testing at moment of import

of cattles originated from endemic regions Besnoitiosis = NOTIFIABLE disease

• Clinical suspicion mandatory sampling by vet.

• Confirmation procedure (Western Blot)

Herd cases management• Positive animals BLOCKED slaugherhouse

• Tracing contact herds• Serological (combined to IBR) monitoring 12 months

after elimination last positive animals



22/09/2020

AcknowledgmentDr Laurent Delooz

Dr Marie-Pierre Michiels Dr Julien Evrard

ibr, bvd, besnoitiosis - sciensano

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