ibas 3.2
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Inglés Básico 3 (Todo)TRANSCRIPT
UNIVERSIDAD VERACRUZANACENTRO DE IDIOMAS XALAPA
CENTRO DE AUTOACCESO
SEGUNDA ASESORÍA GRUPALIBAS 300
JUST RIGHT U 12,14,15, HOW+ADJECTIVES, CAUSE AND
EFFECT CONNECTORS Martha Edna García Ramírez
UNIT 12: Making a difference
Grammar: 1) Future simple for predictions and unplanned decisions.
2) Probability modalsVocabulary: Word families
Function: Offering to help
FUTURE SIMPLE
FOR PREDICTIONS We use Will future to make
predictions about the future (we can shorten will to ‘ll) I think Brazil will win the World Cup. She’ll probably be here in a few minutes.
FUTURE SIMPLE
We use will when we make sudden or unplanned decisions:
I’ll call back in a few minutes.
It’s OK. I’ll wash the dishes.
FUTURE SIMPLE
We can ask questions by changing the order of Will and the subject: Will Brazil win the World Cup?
Will you wash the dishes?
PROBABILITY MODALS
Use the modals will, might, could, may and won’t to talk about how probable the future is:
I’ll see you tomorrow (I am 100% certain) I won’t see you tomorrow (I am 100%
certian I’m not seeing you) I might see you tomorrow (I’m 50% certain) I could /may see you tomorrow (I’m 40%
certain)
WORD FAMILIES
There are words which come from the same family but changes the kind of word it is:
VERB NOUN ADJECTIVE
- Activist Active
/ Scientist/Science Scientific
Discover Discovery Discovered
Interest (in) Interest Interested
Destroy Destruction Destroyed
- Environment /Environmentalist
Environmental
Plant Plant Planted
Protect protection Protected
Marry Marriaged Married
Move Movement Moved /Moving
inspire inspiration inspired
speak speeches spoken
EXPRESSIONS FOR OFFERING TO HELP
Offering Accepting
Can I…?
Sure
Can you…? That / it would be great!
How about…? Refusing
Would you like to …? Don’t worry, it’s ok
Allow me…
Why don’t…?
USE OF A, AN, THE ARTICLES
We use a to talk about one of something: A bag, She is a woman
We use an if the next word starts with a vowel sound: An expensive restaurant. An enormous mountain.
USE OF A, AN, THE ARTICLES We use the with some country names with
more than one word or that end with the expression of Something: The people’s Republic of China.
We use the when we mention something for the second time: She is the girl I told you about.
We use the when we talk about a special thing (s) that we all know about: The Eiffel Tower is in Paris.
ZERO ARTICLE (= NO ARTICLE)
We don’t use a, an, the articles: For the names of most countries (or
cities): He went to Russia.
With the plural nouns which describe things in general. I love flowers
When we talk about uncountable nouns. I like milk
SUPERLATIVE:Short Adjectives
We use superlative adjectives with the.
For short adjectives: add -est He’s the oldest person in the world.
For short adjectives with vowel + consonant: final letter x2 + -est Acapulco is the hottest beach in Mexico She is the thinnest girls I’ve ever met.
SUPERLATIVE Short Adjectives
Short adjectives which end in –y:y =i + est.
Xalapa is the noisiest city I’ve ever been to.
Her town is the ugliest place I’ve ever seen.
SUPERLATIVE Short Adjectives
ADJECTIVE SUPERLATIVE FORM
Cheap The Cheapest
Deep The deepest
Fast The fastest
Fat The fattest
Funny The funniest
High The highest
Long The longest
Narrow The narrowest
Thin The thinnest
Ugly The ugliest
SUPERLATIVE Long Adjectives:
For long adjectives we use the most + adjective: They’re the most beautiful paintings
I’ve ever seen.
EXCEPTIONS
Some common adjectives have their own special forms:
Good = Best Bad = Worst
UNIT 15: A HEALTHY MIND AND A HEALTHY BODY
Grammar: Zero conditional First conditional First Conditional VS Zero Conditional.
Vocabulary: The head and face Function: Talking about similarities
and differences
FIRST CONDITIONAL
Use if sentences to talk about things that will probably happen if something else happens.
Use the present simple in the if clause, and will for the result clause: If it rains, I’ll get wet.
If my brother wins, I’ll be very happy.
FIRST CONDITIONAL
We can change the order of the clauses: I’ll get wet if it rains.
I’ll be very happy if my brother wins.
FIRST CONDITIONAL Negative Form
Use do not (don’t) or does not (doesn’t) and will not (won’t) to make a negative contidional sentence: If you don’t hurry, we won’t arrive on
time.
If he doesn’t arrive soon, we’ll be late.
ZERO CONDITIONAL
Use if sentences to talk about things that are always true if something else happens.
Use the present simple in the if clause and in the result clause: If ice gets warm, it melts. If something is funny, I always laugh.
ZERO CONDITIONAL
Use do not (don’t)/ does not (doesn’t) or is not (isn’t) / are not (aren’t) to make negative zero conditional sentences: If ice doesn’t warm, it doesn’t melt.
USE OF SO
So is used to show agreement with positive statements.
The Auxiliary needs to agree with the verb tense in the original statement.
So + Auxiliary + Subject (pronoun)I can speak two languages. So can I.
He should study more. So should I.
Examples:Person A Person B
I am happy. So am I.
You look nice today. So do you.
Stephanie has a new boyfriend. So does Mary.
We went to the concert last night. So did I.
He will win a prize. So will I.
I'm going to Brazil in the summer. So am I.
They have finished their homework. So have I.
My brother had eaten too much. So had I.
USE OF SO and TOO It is similar to using Too at the end of a sentence.
I can speak two languages too. You look nice today. You look nice too. Stephanie has a new boyfriend. Mary has a new one
tooWe went to the concert last night. I went to the
concert too.I would love a coffee right now. I would love a
coffee too. He will win a prize. I will win one too. They have finished their homework. I have finished
too.
USE OF NEITHER
Neither is used to show agreement with negative statements.
The Auxiliary needs to agree with the verb tense in the original statement.
Neither + Auxiliary + Subject (pronoun)
A: I don't understand Spanish.B: Neither do I.
USE OF EITHER It is similar to using Either at the end of a
sentence, although Neither is more commonly used, especially in spoken English:
A: I don't understand Spanish.B: I don't understand Spanish either.
A: I cannot swim.B: I can't swim either.
USE OF NEITHER
Sometimes people respond Me Neither instead of Neither + Auxiliary + Subject though this is very informal spoken English: A: I don't understand Spanish.B: Me neither.
HOW + ADJECTIVES/ADVERBS
How far is New Zealand from Australia? It´s about 2,000 km.
How big is Singapore? It’s 620 square km.
How high is Mount Everest? It’s 8,848 meters high.
How deep is the Grand Canyon? It’s about 1,900 meters deep.
HOW + ADJECTIVES/ADVERBS
How long is the Mississippi River? It’s about 6019 km long.
How hot is New Zealand in the summer? It gets up to about 23°Celsius.
How cold is it in the winter? It goes down to about 10°Celsius.
Cause - Effect : So- Such that
Emphasizing the quality or characteristic of something (cause-effect)
Using a modifying phrase indicating so ... that such ... that so much / such
CAUSE AND EFFECT CONNECTORS
COORDINATING CORRELATIVE SUBORDINATING TRANSITION
Cause for (reason or cause)
so . . . That
(emphasis on cause)such . . . That
(emphasis on cause)
because, since, now that, as, as long as, inasmuch, because of, due to, owing to
For this reason, For all these reasons
Effect So (result) so that (purpose-result)in order that (purpose-result)
Therefore, Consequently, As a consequence, As a result, Thus, Hence
Expressing a cause and effect relationship coordinating – so :
His computer froze, so he hit it. correlative - so that
He hit it so hard that he damaged the keyboard. subordinating – because
He took it to a repair center because it needed a new keyboard.
transition – For this reason He paid a lot to have it fixed. As a
consequence, he never hit his computer again.
SO (adj / adv) THAT SUCH (adj + noun) THAT
Emphasis on the adverb or adjective in the CAUSE
clause.
Emphasis on the [adjective + noun] in the CAUSE clause.
CAUSE: The meteor storm was beautiful.
EFFECT: We watched it all
night.
CAUSE: It was a beautiful meteor storm.
EFFECT: We watched it all night.
The meteor storm was so beautiful (adjective)
that we watched it all night.
It was such a beautiful meteor storm(adjective +
noun)
that we watched
it all night.
The meteor storm passed so quickly(adverb)
that it went by in
one night. It was such a quick meteor storm(adjective +
noun)
that it went by in one night.
CONTRAST: SO MUCH
Emphasis on quantityWe will learn so much interesting information (so much – adjective + noncount noun)
that it will take years to process it.
We will see so many beautiful stars (so many – adjective + count noun)
that it will be hard to count them.
CONTRAST: SUCH
Emphasis on quality
We will learn such interesting information (such – adjective + noncount noun)
that we will want to read more.
We'll see such beautiful stars (such – adjective + count noun)
that we'll be amazed.
THIS IS
OF THE GROUP COUNSELING AND YOUR ENGLISH COURSE.
SEE YOU ON YOUR EXAM DAY!