ib sports, exercise and health science sub-topics anatomy starter-group activity decide whether the...
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IB
Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
Anatomy
Starter-Group ActivityDecide whether the following statements are true or false
Topic 1
Anatomy
1. There are over 1,000 muscles in your body.
2. Skeletal, or voluntary, muscles are the muscles you can control.
3. Ligaments connect muscles to bones.
4. Your heart is a muscle.
5. A muscle gets strained when it is stretched too much.
6. A sprain happens when a tendon is stretched too much.
7. Muscles that are not used can get smaller and weaker
8. You don’t need more than 30 min. of physical activity every day.
9. If something hurts when playing sports, you should play through the pain
and it will go away.
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
IB
Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
Anatomy
Starter-Group ActivityDecide whether the following statements are true or false
Topic 1
Anatomy
STARTER – Group Activity
Decide whether the following statements are true or false:
10. A balanced diet: a) Emphasizes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and fat-free or low-fat dairy products like milk, cheese, and yogurt. b) Includes protein from lean meats, poultry, seafood, beans, eggs, and nuts. c) Is low in solid fats, saturated fats, cholesterol, salt (sodium), added sugars, and refined grains. d) All of the above
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
IB
Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
Anatomy
Starter-Group ActivityDecide whether the following statements are true or false
Topic 1
Anatomy
1. There are over 1,000 muscles in your body.
-False. There are over 600 muscles in the body.
2. Skeletal, or voluntary muscles are the muscles you can control.
True. You can control your skeletal muscles to walk, run,
pick up things, play an instrument, throw a baseball, kick a soccer ball,
push a lawnmower, or ride a bicycle
3. Ligaments connect muscles to bones.
False. Ligaments connect bones to other bones. Tendons connect
muscles to bones.
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
IB
Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
Anatomy
Starter-Group ActivityDecide whether the following statements are true or false
Topic 1
Anatomy
4. Your heart is a muscle.
True. The heart is a special muscle called “cardiac muscle.” It works
constantly to pump blood through your body.
5. A muscle gets strained when it is stretched too much.
True. Muscles can be strained by stretching them too much, as when
you lift something that is too heavy.
6. A sprain happens when a tendon is stretched too much. False.
Sprains happen when ligaments (which connect bones to bones) are
stretched too much. A stretching injury to a tendon (which connects a
muscle to a bone) is called a strain.
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
IB
Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
Anatomy
Starter-Group ActivityDecide whether the following statements are true or false
Topic 1
Anatomy
7. Muscles that are not used can get smaller and weaker
True. If a muscle is not used, it will get smaller and weaker. This is
known as atrophy.
8. You don’t need more than 30 minutes of physical activity every day.
False. You should get at least 60 minutes of exercise every day. It
doesn’t have to be a whole hour all at once, but it does need to be in at
least 10-minute increments to count toward your 60 minutes of physical
activity per day.
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
IB
Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
Anatomy
Starter-Group ActivityDecide whether the following statements are true or false
Topic 1
Anatomy
9. If something hurts when playing sports, you should play through the
pain and it will go away.
False. If something starts to hurt, stop playing or exercising. You
might just need to rest the injured part, or you might need to see a
doctor.
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
IB
Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
Anatomy
Starter-Group ActivityDecide whether the following statements are true or false
Topic 1
Anatomy
10. A balanced diet:
a) Emphasizes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and fat-free or low-fat
dairy products like milk, cheese, and yogurt.
b) Includes protein from lean meats, poultry, seafood, beans, eggs, and
nuts.
c) Is low in solid fats, saturated fats, cholesterol, salt (sodium), added
sugars, and refined grains.
d) All of the above
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
IB
Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
Anatomy
1.2.1 Outline the general characteristics common to muscle tissue
Topic 1
Anatomy
Learning Objectives
Everyone should
Distinguish between the different types of muscle
Outline the general characteristics common to muscle
tissue
Most will
Identify the location of skeletal muscles in various regions of the body
Some might
Explain the need for antogonistic pairs
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
IB
Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
Anatomy
1.2.2 Distinguish between the different types of muscle
Topic 1
Anatomy
Smooth Cardiac Skeletal
DET PDHPE Distance Education Programme.
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
IB
Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
Anatomy
1.2.2 Distinguish between the different types of muscle
Topic 1
Anatomy
Different types muscle tissue
Skeletal Muscles (striated and voluntary muscles)
are those which attach to bones and have the main function of contracting to facilitate movement of our skeletons.
Striated-appearance of light and dark stripes
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
Now complete the Types of Muscles section in your workbook!
IB
Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
Anatomy
1.2.2 Distinguish between the different types of muscle
Topic 1
Anatomy
Different types muscle tissue
Skeletal Muscles1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
Now complete the Types of Muscles section in your workbook!
IB
Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
Anatomy
1.2.2 Distinguish between the different types of muscle
Topic 1
Anatomy
Different types muscle tissueSmooth muscle
(Unstriated) Involuntary muscle due to our inability to control its movements.
Found in the walls of hollow organs such as the stomach, esophagus, bronchi and in the walls of blood vessels.
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
Now complete the Types of Muscles section in your workbook!
IB
Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
Anatomy
1.2.2 Distinguish between the different types of muscle
Topic 1
Anatomy
Different types muscle tissueSmooth
muscle 1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
Now complete the Types of Muscles section in your workbook!
IB
Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
Anatomy
1.2.2 Distinguish between the different types of muscle
Topic 1
Anatomy
Different types muscle tissueCardiac muscle only in the walls of the heart.
Similar to:skeletal muscle -striated
smooth muscle- involuntarily controlled
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
Now complete the Types of Muscles section in your workbook!
IB
Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
Anatomy
1.2.2 Distinguish between the different types of muscle
Topic 1
Anatomy
Different types muscle tissueCardiac muscle 1. The Skeletal
System
2. The Muscular System
Now complete the Types of Muscles section in your workbook!
IB
Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
Anatomy
1.2.3 Annotate the structure of skeletal muscle
Topic 1
Anatomy
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
IB
Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
AnatomyGroup Thought
What do we use our muscles for?
Topic 1
Anatomy
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
• Skeletal musclescontract exertingforces on the tendons• Tendons then pull onthe bones causingjoint movement
• Generating body heat
IB
Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
AnatomyGroup Thought
What do we use our muscles for?
Topic 1
Anatomy
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
• Postural muscles stabilize and maintain body positions
IB
Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
AnatomyGroup Thought
What do we use our muscles for?
Topic 1
Anatomy
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
• Movement of substances within the body e.g. peristalsis
Now complete the Functions of Musclessection in your workbook!
IB
Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
Anatomy
1.2.1 Outline the general characteristics common to muscle tissue
Topic 1
Anatomy
• Contractility: ability to receive and respond to stimuli via generation of an electrical pulse which causes contraction of the muscle cells
• Excitability: ability to shorten.• Extensibility: ability of muscle to lengthen.• Elasticity: ability of muscle to return to
normal size.
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
IB
Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
Anatomy
1.2.1 Outline the general characteristics common to muscle tissue
Topic 1
Anatomy
Atrophy: is the wasting of muscle tissue Hypertrophy: is the increase in size of
muscle tissue.
Controlled by nerve stimuli. Fed by capillaries.
DET PDHPE Distance Education Programme
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
IB
Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
Anatomy
1.2.1 Outline the general characteristics common to muscle tissue
Topic 1
Anatomy
Can you write a definition for the words below without using your notes?
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
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Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
Anatomy
1.2.3 Annotate the structure of skeletal muscle
Topic 1
Anatomy
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
Muscle Structure
IB
Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
Anatomy
1.2.3 Annotate the structure of skeletal muscle
Topic 1
Anatomy
Epimysium: This is the connective tissue wrap just under the deep fascia that surrounds the entire muscle
Perimysium: This connective tissue surrounds each individual fascicle (bundle of muscle fibers).
Endomysium: This is the connective tissue
wrapped around each individual muscle cell
(fiber).
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
IB
Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
1.2.3 Annotate the structure of skeletal muscle
Topic 1
Anatomy
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
Individual Activity Carry out the investigation in your workbook “The effect of temperature on muscle function”
IB
Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
Anatomy
1.2.3 Annotate the structure of skeletal muscle
Topic 1
Anatomy
Muscle fibers are made up of a group of myofibrils.
Myofibril: the muscle cells are filled with cylindrical structures called myofibrils.These contain the myofilaments whose action is responsible for the contraction of the myofibrils and therefore the muscle as a whole.
Solomon & Davis
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
IB
Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
Anatomy
Topic 1
Anatomy
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
IB
Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
Anatomy
1.2.3 Annotate the structure of skeletal muscle
Topic 1
Anatomy
Muscle Structure
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
IB
Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
Anatomy
Topic 1
Anatomy
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
IB
Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics There are 2 kinds of
myofilaments:(Thick and Thin) Myosin: thick
filaments Actin: thin filaments
1.2.3 Annotate the structure of skeletal muscle
Topic 1
Anatomy
A unit of thick and thin filaments is known as a Sarcomere.These structures hold the key to muscle contraction. Because of the staggered thin and thick filaments it has the effect as one might pull a rope towards oneself hand over hand.
Solomon & Davis
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
IB
Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
1.2.3 Annotate the structure of skeletal muscle
Topic 1
Anatomy
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
IB
Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
1.2.3 Annotate the structure of skeletal muscle
Topic 1
Anatomy
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
IB
Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
1.2.3 Annotate the structure of skeletal muscle
Topic 1
Anatomy
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
IB
Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
1.2.3 Annotate the structure of skeletal muscle
Topic 1
Anatomy
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xhgDbjrrmFg
IB
Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
Anatomy1.2.3 Annotate the structure of skeletal muscle
Topic 1
Anatomy
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
IB
Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
Anatomy1.2.3 Annotate the structure of skeletal muscle
Topic 1
Anatomy
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
IB
Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
Anatomy1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles
Topic 1
Anatomy
The Origin and Insertion•When a muscle contracts, only one bone moves leaving the other stationary. The points at which the tendons are attached to the bone are known as the origin and the insertion.• •The origin is where the tendon of the muscle joins the stationary bone(s). •The insertion is where the tendon of the muscle joins the moving bone(s)
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
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Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
Anatomy1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles
Topic 1
Anatomy
Now complete the section in your workbook
Arm is being flexed
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
Origin
Insertion
The radius and ulna are the moving bones- INSERTION The humerus and scapula are stationary bones- ORIGIN
IB
Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
Anatomy
1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles
Topic 1
Anatomy
Origin: the point where the tendon attaches to the bone which does not move during muscle action.
Insertion: the point where the tendon attaches to the bone which moves during an action.
e.g. Action of biceps muscle: Scapula is origin (Proximal point) and radius is the insertion. (distal point)
DET PDHPE Distance Education Programme
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
IB
Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
Anatomy1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles
Topic 1
Anatomy
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
Antagonistic Muscles• Skeletal muscles work across a joint and are
attached to the bones by strong cords known as tendons.
• They work in pairs, each contracting or relaxing in turn to create movement.
Ex.Biceps brachii and triceps brachii work in what is called Antagonistic Muscle Action. As one muscle shortens the other one lengthens.
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Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
Anatomy1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles
Topic 1
Anatomy
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
Flexion (Bending) of the Arm
• The muscle doing the work (contracting) and creating the movement is called the agonist.
• The muscle which is relaxing and letting the movement take place is called the antagonist.
Agonist(The biceps contract)
Antagonist (The triceps relaxes)
• Other muscles support the agonist in creating movement and these are called synergist (neutralizer).
• Fixator (stabilizer) muscles that allow the agonist to work, stabilizing the origin
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Sports, exercise and health science
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Anatomy1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles
Topic 1
Anatomy
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
STARTER – Label the diagramUsing the muscles listed below
* Transverse abdominus
* ExternalOblique
* Rectus abdominus
* Internal Oblique
* PectoralisMajor
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Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
Anatomy1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles
Topic 1
Anatomy
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
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Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
Anatomy1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles
Topic 1
Anatomy
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
Anterior musclesRectus AbdominusExternal obliquesInternal obliquesTransverse AbdominisDeltoidPectoralis major & minorIliopsoasSartoriusQuadriceps group (rectus femoris, vastus intermedialis, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis.)Tibialis anteriorBiceps brachii
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Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
Anatomy1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles
Topic 1
Anatomy
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
Exercise: Crunches
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Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
Anatomy1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles
Topic 1
Anatomy
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
External Obliques
Movement: Flexion
Origin: Lower eight ribs
Insertion: Ilium
Exercise: Russian Twist
http://videos.bodybuilding.com/video/30361/Exercise-Guides-Russian-Twist-MaleShort-Clip
IB
Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
Anatomy1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles
Topic 1
Anatomy
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
Internal Oblique
Movement: Flexion and rotation of the spine
Origin: Ilium, Thoracolumbar Fascia
Insertion: Ribs 8-12
Exercise: Twisting Crunches
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Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
Anatomy1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles
Topic 1
Anatomy
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
Transverse Abdominus
Movement: Compresses abdomen
Origin: Iliac Crest, Ribs 12-16, Inguinal Ligement
Insertion: Xiphoid Process and Pubic Symphasis
Exercises: Flutter Kicks, Superman, Bicycles
IB
Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
Anatomy1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles
Topic 1
Anatomy
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
Deltoid
Movement: Flexion, Extension and Abduction of the shoulders
Origin: Clavicle and Scapula
Insertion: Lateral Humerus
Exercise: Back press Military press Overhead press
IB
Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
Anatomy1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles
Topic 1
Anatomy
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
Pectoralis Major
Movement: Flexion, Adduction of the shoulder
Origin: Clavicle, Sternum, Anterior Ribs
Insertion: Humerus
Exercise: Bench press
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Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
Anatomy1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles
Topic 1
Anatomy
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
Pectoralis Minor
Movement: Assists serratus anterior and Adduction of the Scapula
Origin: Anterior Ribs
Insertion: Scapula
Exercise: Bench press
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Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
Anatomy1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles
Topic 1
Anatomy
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
Iliopsoas
Movement: Flexion of the hip
Origin: Ilium and Lumbar Vertebrae
Insertion: Inner Femur
Exercise: Sit-ups
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Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
Anatomy1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles
Topic 1
Anatomy
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
Sartorius
Movement: Flexion, Abduction and lateral rotation of the hip.
Origin: Ilium
Insertion: Medial Tibia
Exercise: Walking LungesJump lunges
http://www.builtlean.com/2011/09/29/jump-lunges-plyometric-leg-exercise/
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Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
Anatomy1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles
Topic 1
Anatomy
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
Quadriceps
Movement: Flexion at the hip Extension at the knee
Exercise: Squats
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Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
Anatomy1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles
Topic 1
Anatomy
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
IB
Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
Anatomy1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles
Topic 1
Anatomy
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
Tibialis AnteriorMovement: Dorsiflexion
Origin: Lateral tibia
Insertion: 1st metatarsal and 1st cuneiform
Exercise: Toe raises
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Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
Anatomy1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles
Topic 1
Anatomy
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
Biceps Brachii Triceps Brachii
Flexion Extension
Origin: Scapula Origin: Scapula and Humerus
Insertion: Radius and Ulna Insertion: Ulna
Agonist: BicepsAntagonist: Triceps
Exercise: Biceps curls Triceps extensions
IB
Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
Anatomy1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles
Topic 1
Anatomy
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
Body Draw
• Draw around one of your group members on butcher paper.• Without looking at your notes, shade in and label all the muscles you can remember from last lesson!
IB
Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
Anatomy1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles
Topic 1
Anatomy
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
Posterior MusclesTriceps brachii TrapeziusLatissimus dorsiGluteus maximusHamstrings group(biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus)GastrocnemiusSoleusErector spinae
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Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
Anatomy1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles
Topic 1
Anatomy
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
Biceps Brachii Triceps Brachii
Flexion Extension
Origin: Scapula Origin: Scapula and Humerus
Insertion: Radius and Ulna Insertion: Ulna
Agonist: BicepsAntagonist: Triceps
Exercise: Biceps curls Triceps extensions
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Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
Anatomy1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles
Topic 1
Anatomy
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
TrapeziusMovement: Extension and adduction of the shoulder
Origin: Cervical and thoracic vertebrae, base of the skull
Insertion: Clavicle and Scapula
Exercise: Shrugs, Seated Row
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Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
Anatomy1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles
Topic 1
Anatomy
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
Latissimus Dorsi
Movement: Adduction and internal rotation of the shoulder joint.
Origin: Sacrum, Ileum, Thoracic and Lumbar Vertebrae
Insertion: Humerus
Exercise: Chin-ups. Pull-downs
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Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
Anatomy1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles
Topic 1
Anatomy
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
Latissimus Dorsi
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Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
Anatomy1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles
Topic 1
Anatomy
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
Gluteus Maximus
Movement: Extension and rotation of the hip
Origin: Posterior Ilium, Sacrum and Coccx
Insertion: Femur and IT band
Exercise: Deadlift
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Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
Anatomy1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles
Topic 1
Anatomy
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
Gluteus Maximus
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Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
Anatomy1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles
Topic 1
Anatomy
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
Hamstrings
Movement: Flexion of the knee and extension of the hip
Exercise: Leg Curls
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Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
Anatomy1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles
Topic 1
Anatomy
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
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Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
Anatomy1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles
Topic 1
Anatomy
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
Gastrocnemius
Movement: Knee Flexion and Plantarflexion
Origin: Posterior Femur
Insertion: Calcaneus via Achilles Tendon
Exercise: Calf Raises
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Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
Anatomy1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles
Topic 1
Anatomy
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
Soleus
Exercise: Seated calf raises
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Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
Anatomy1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles
Topic 1
Anatomy
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
Erector Spinae
Movement: Extension
Origin: ribs, Vertebrae, Ilium
Insertion: Ribs and Vertebrae
Exercise: Chest raise
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Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
Anatomy1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles
Topic 1
Anatomy
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
Body Draw
• On the other side of your first drawing, make a duplicate body.• Without looking at your notes, shade in and label all the muscles you can remember from last lesson!
IB
Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
Anatomy1.2.3 Annotate the structure of skeletal muscle
Topic 1
Anatomy
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
http://www.wiley.com/college/pratt/0471393878/instructor/animations/actin_myosin/actin_myosin.swf
Homework:Go to the following site and go through the discussion. Pay close attention to the parts on Actin and Myosin. In your notebooks write an explanation of how Actin and Myosin function within muscle cells.
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Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
AnatomyRecruitment of Muscle Tissue
Topic 1
Anatomy
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
Loa
d
Frequency of recruitment
Inactivity
Controls
Continuum of Physical Activity
Endurance Trained
Strength Trained
Muscle “adapts” to meet the habitual level of demand placed on it, i.e. level of physical activity. This results in muscular hypertrophy which is a result in an increase of myofibrils as a result of increased exercise.
Adapted from Faulkner, Green and White In: Physical Activity, Fitness, and Health, Ed. Bouchard, Shephard and Stephens Human Kinetics Publishers, 1994
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Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
AnatomyRecruitment of Muscle Tissue
Topic 1
Anatomy
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
Level of physical activity determined by the frequency of recruitment and the load.
Increase muscle use •endurance training •strength training (cannot be optimally trained for both strength and endurance) Decrease muscle use •prolonged bed rest •limb casting•denervation •space flight.
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Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
AnatomyRecruitment of Muscle Tissue
Topic 1
Anatomy
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
Endurance training Little hypertrophy but major biochemical adaptations within muscle fibers.
Increased numbers of mitochondria; concentration and activities of oxidative enzymes (e.g. succinate dehydrogenase, see below).
Control 12 week Treadmill
Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity:Low activity light High activity dark
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Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
AnatomyRecruitment of Muscle Tissue
Topic 1
Anatomy
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
Disuse causes atrophy -- USE IT OR LOSE IT!
Muscular Atrophy is a result of decrease in myofibrils through disuse Individual fiber atrophy (loss of myofibrils) with no loss in fibers. Effect more pronounced in Type II fibers. “Completely reversible” (in young healthy individuals).
Control Cast for 6 weeks
IB
Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
AnatomyAging and Muscle Performance
Topic 1
Anatomy
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
Performance Declines with AgingDespite maintenance of physical activity
Per
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ance
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Pea
k) 100
80
60
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20
0
10 20 30 40 50 60
Ages (years)
Shotput/Discus
MarathonBasketball (rebounds/game)
Write a CONCLUSION for this graphTry and explain what you see not just describe
IB
Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
AnatomyAging and Muscle Performance
Topic 1
Anatomy
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
Age-related changes in muscle
Muscle loses size and strength as we get older, which can contribute to fatigue, weakness and reduced tolerance to exercise. This is caused by a number of factors working in combination, including:•Muscle fibers reduce in number and shrink in size.•Muscle tissue is replaced more slowly and lost muscle tissue is replaced with a tough, fibrous tissue.•Changes in the nervous system cause muscles to have reduced tone and ability to contract.
IB
Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
AnatomyAging and Muscle Performance
Topic 1
Anatomy
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
Age-related changes in bone
Bone is living tissue. As we age, the structure of bone changes and this results in loss of bone tissue. Low bone mass means bones are weaker and places people at risk of breaks from a sudden bump or fall.
Bones become less dense as we age for a number of reasons, including:•An inactive lifestyle causes bone wastage.•Hormonal changes – in women, menopause triggers the loss of minerals in bone tissue. In men, the gradual decline in sex hormones leads to the later development of osteoporosis.•Bones lose calcium and other minerals.
IB
Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
AnatomyAging and Muscle Performance
Topic 1
Anatomy
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
Age-related changes in joints
In a joint, bones are cushioned by cartilage that lines your joints (articular cartilage), synovial membranes around the joint and a lubricating fluid inside your joints (synovial fluid). As you age, joint movement becomes stiffer and less flexible because the amount of lubricating fluid inside your joints decreases and the cartilage becomes thinner. Ligaments also tend to shorten and lose some flexibility, making joints feel stiff.
Many of these age-related changes to joints are caused by lack of exercise. Movement of the joint, and the associated ‘stress’ of movement, helps keep the fluid moving. Being inactive causes the cartilage to shrink and stiffen, reducing joint mobility.
Use your “Design Check list” to complete this design internal assessment. Investigate the effects of sensory deprivation on performance. Using the general aim given above, design (D) your own scientific investigation to answer this question.
Design Lab
IB
Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
Anatomy1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles
Topic 1
Anatomy
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
Group Activity
IB
Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
Anatomy1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles
Topic 1
Anatomy
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
IB
Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
Anatomy1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles
Topic 1
Anatomy
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
Myosin ATPase (ATP phosphohydrolase) is an enzyme that catalyzes the following chemical reaction:
ATP + H2O ADP + phosphate
ATP hydrolysis provides energy for actomyosin contraction.
Myoglobin is the primary oxygen-carrying pigment of muscle tissue.
IB
Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
Anatomy1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles
Topic 1
Anatomy
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
Glycogen
is a multi-branched polysaccharide of glucose that serves as a form of energy storage in animals. The polysaccharide structure represents the main storage form of glucose in the body.
IB
Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
Anatomy1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles
Topic 1
Anatomy
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
In humans, glycogen is made and stored primarily in the cells of the liver and the muscles, and funtions as the secondary long-term energy storage (with the primary energy stores being fat cells found in adipose tissue. Muscle glycogen is converted into glucose by muscle cells.
IB
Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
Anatomy1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles
Topic 1
Anatomy
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
IB
Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
Anatomy1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles
Topic 1
Anatomy
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
IB
Sports, exercise and health science
Sub-topics
Anatomy1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles
Topic 1
Anatomy
1. The Skeletal System
2. The Muscular System
Anatomy Basics WorkbookDue Wednesday Dec. 4
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