Prepared byLawrence Kokhttp://lawrencekok.blogspot.com

In memory on Michael Jackson, 25 June 2009

Depressants, Antidepressant, TranquilizersThis post is dedicated in memory of MJ death on 25 June 2009. Avoid  these drugs unless needed on doctor's advice

IB Keywords• Antidepressant - to reduce anxiety, depression and induce sleep• Tranquilizers/Sedative - substance that induces sedation/sleep, alleviate anxiety• Hypnotics -  psychoactive drugs to induce sleep, treatment of insomnia.• Barbiturates - drugs acts on CNS as depressants, mild sedation to total anesthesia. 

source:http://luckynews.co.tv/

Neurotransmitters affecting Depression/Anxiety

• Neurotransmitter transmit signals from neuron across a synapse.• Contained in synaptic vesicles on presynaptic side• Bind to receptors on the postsynaptic side• Serotonin, GABA, Norepinephrine and Epinephrine• Released into synaptic cleft

http://www.healmindbody.com/Services/Body-And-Mind/Neurotransmitter-Restoration.aspx

Different Antidepressants - SSRI, SNRI, NRI, TCA, TeCA, MAOI . Click HERE for listDifferent Tranquilizers - Benzodiazepines (BZD), Barbiturates. Click HERE for list

Antidepressant for IB - SSRISelective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI)

Information on SSRI• (SSRI) or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor • Fluoxetine (Prozac)/newer drug• Most popular/less side effect compared to others• SSRI, Top 12 best selling antidepressant drugs. Click HERE to view• Many side effect, including low sex drive

Fluoxetine (Prozac) an antidepressant of the SSRI -  increase the neurotransmitter serotonin by inhibiting its reuptake into presynaptic cell, increasing serotonin level in synaptic cleft .

Information on Prozac

Serotonin Structure• Serotonin - Neurotransmitter• Feel good hormone, control mood /well being • Made from amino acid  tryptophan• High level need to avoid depression• Serotonin broken down/ reuptake by transporter

How Prozac (SSRI) works

• SSRI inhibitor /block the reuptake of Serotonin• Serotonin level in brain synapse up• SSRI for Serotonin, increase Serotonin level• SNRI for Norepinephrine, increase Norepinephrine level(Cymbalta) duloxetine , example of SNRI

http://scienceblogs.com/neurotopia/2009/03/depression_post_4_the_serotoni.php

Prozac Structure• Amine gp, basic (lone pair)• Amine reacts with HCI forming hydrochloride salt, • Fluoxetine (Prozac) salt, protonated /polar and water soluble

Video Animation, How SSRI (Prozac works) on next slide

Click HERE for detail video on How Prozac works.

Keywords from video• SSRI inhibit Serotonin reuptake transporters• Serotonin stays in synapse, higher Serotonin level• Latest SSRI antidepressant drug this year (2011)Click HERE to view and HERE for drug info

Tranquilizers for IB - Benzodiazepines (BZD)Benzodiazepines (BZD) acts as tranquilizers, enhances the effect of the neurotransmitter GABA, leads to hypnotic, sedation, treating insomia.

Diazepine Structure• Benzene ring• A diazepine (7-member heterocyclic ring)• Amine gps• Valium, Librium and Nitrazepam have diff side gps• Valium, popular in 1970, used by MJ

How BZD works affecting Neurotransmitter (GABA)• BZD binds to receptor, enhances the GABA binding • GABA binding lead to diffusion of CI ion• CI ions causes hyperpolarisation (nerve cell resistant to excitation) • Results in sedation, hypnotic, treat insomia, stress, anxiety• Side effect - Tolerance, Dependence • BZD (Valium and Xanax) most popular 

source:http://edpharmacologystuff.blogspot.com/2008_01_01_archive.html

Video, How Tranquilizer (BZD) affects GABA. Click HERE to view

Video animation on BZD/GABA works. Click HERE to view

Cocktail of Drugs that killed MJ

Propofol - hypnotic agent or (general anesthesia) to induce sleep or anesthesia during surgery and may cause partial/complete unconsciousness.

How it works• Propofol binds to GABA receptors• Causing reduction nerve activity, leads to sedation • Mechanism is similar to BDZ

Drugs that MJ used which led to his death• Valium (BDZ)• Lorazepam (BZD)• Midazopam (BZD)• Propofol (Hypnotic)Dr Sanjay Gupta (CNN) explain how Propofol that killed MJ. Click HERE to view

Video on Latest antidepressant drug. Click HERE to view

Keynotes from video• Latest FDA approved Lilazodone (Viibryd), SSRI antidepressant• Increases Serotonin level• Less side effect compared to others, does not reduce sex drive (sex friendly)

Acknowledgements

Thanks to source of pictures and videos used in this presentation

Thanks to Creative Commons for excellent contribution on licenseshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/

Prepared by Lawrence Kok

Check out more video tutorials from my site and hope you enjoy this tutorialhttp://lawrencekok.blogspot.com