iakovos v. yakoumis -...
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Iakovos V. Yakoumis
Barcelona, November 2017
Commercial activitiesCOMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES
Commercial activitiesCOMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES
Commercial activitiesON GOING EUROPEAN R&I PROJECTS
The project is being
funded under SC5-13
call of Horizon 2020.
http://www.platirus.eu/
The project is being
funded under SME
Instrument (Phase
II) call of Horizon
2020.
The project is being
funded under H2020-
MSCA-RISE-2016 call
of Horizon 2020.
The project is being
funded under EIT
RAW MATERIALS –
KAVA CALL 4
Share of automotive catalyst to global PGM demand:
▪ Platinum: 40% (i.e. 100 tn/year)
▪ Palladium: 80% (i.e. 200 tn/year)
▪ Rhodium: 90% (i.e. 25 tn/year)
Recycling rate (supply from scrap vs total refined supply):
▪ Platinum: 24%
▪ Palladium: 26,3%
▪ Rhodium: 26%
Devices that control the exhaust emissions of
an internal combustion engine by converting
CO, HC, and NOx to CO2, H2O and N2
Three-Way Catalysts made up of three constituents:
• Catalysts support (cordierite honeycomb, metal support)
• Wash coating (Al2O3, BaO, CeO2 and ZrO2)
• Active components (Pt, Pd, Rh)
Ceramic catalytic converters
(90% market)
Metalliccatalytic converters
(10% market)
LEGISLATION:
1960s: A typical car (after 120.000 miles drive) had
hydrocarbon emission of 15g/mile
2012: Emission Level is lower than 0.01g/mile
1.500 times less emissions in 50 years
PGMs Recovery using Secondary Raw Materials
The Platirus project www.platirus.eu
PLATInum group metals Recovery Using Secondary raw materials
Aim: Reducing the European deficit of Platinum Group Metals (PGMs), by upscaling to industrial relevant levels a novel cost-efficient and miniaturised PGMs recovery and raw material production process
Targeted feedstocks: The targeted secondary raw materials will be autocatalysts, electronic waste (WEEE) and tailings and slags from nickel and copper smelters
Funding: The PLATIRUS project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation program under Grant Agreement n° 730224
Duration: From 2016-11-01 to 2020-10-31
Platirus Consortium
PGMs Recovery using Secondary Raw Materials
The Platinum Group Metals (PGMs)
➢PGMs comprise 6 chemically very similar elements: ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), palladium (Pd), iridium (Ir), osmium (Os) and platinum (Pt);
➢PGMs are among the least abundant of the Earth's elements and are classified by the EC as critical raw materials (CRMs);
➢Platinum is the most commercially important of all the PGMs, having the largest range of applications.
PGMs Recovery using Secondary Raw Materials
Supply, demand and use of PGM- e.g. case of PlatinumPlatinum market remained in deficit in 2016 despite a significant deterioration in
platinum purchasing by Chinese jewellery fabricators
ZimbabweNorth AmericaRest of the world (Source: Framepool)
Source: JM’s report November 2016
PGM usages per industry as in 2010Source: IPA
(1moz=28 tonnes)
Source: JM’s report November 2016
PGMs Recovery using Secondary Raw Materials
Forecast Platinum supply and demand Source: Johnson Matthey, Glaux Metal , January 2016
Primary Supply is not forecasted to increase
Supply from recycling is forecasted to increase
Demand is increasing
Deficit is forecasted for the coming years
(1moz=28 tonnes)
PGMs Recovery using Secondary Raw Materials
Supply, demand and use of PGMs- e.g. case of PalladiumSimilarly- Palladium market remained in deficit in 2016
Source: JM’s report November 2016 (1moz=28 tonnes) Source: JM’s report November 2016
PGMs Recovery using Secondary Raw Materials
Importance of PGMs for the EU economy
➢ In 2013 more than 21% of the global demand of Platinum was related to the European market (~50 tonnes-worth more than €1 Billion). Europe is the first consumer of Platinum in industrial products.
➢ Auto catalyst application was estimated to use 41% of EU PGMs in 2014. EU is the highest consumer of platinum and an important consumer of palladium and rhodium for autocatalysts.
Source: JM report November 2016 Source: JM report November 2016 Source: JM report November 2016
PGMs Recovery using Secondary Raw Materials
Typically 2 to 5g of platinum per catalyst unit concentration is more than 2500ppm (~250 times higher than natural ores)
Typical ores for PGMs contain 10 g PGM/ton ore
Importance of Platinum recovery for the EU economy
Source: Monolithos
PGMs Recovery using Secondary Raw Materials
Importance of PGM recovery for the EU economy
➢ There is still an important gap between the amount of PGMs used for autocatalysts every year and the amount of PGMs recovered from autocatalysts.
➢ In the last few years (2012-2016) the amount of platinum recovered globally from autocatalysts is slightly above 1Moz (28 tonnes) per year, while the amount of platinum demand/use globally in autocatalysts per year is often above 3Moz
➢ If 100% of the platinum available in end-of-life autocatalysts were recovered per year, an additional 2Moz (~50 tonnes) of platinum would be available in the global market which is several times the global supply-demand gap.
Source : JM Source : JM
CHARACTERIZATIONS
• PGM Content (XRF)
• Rare Earth Content (ICP)
• SEM Images
• EDS including mapping
• Surface Area (BET)
• XRD
OTHER CHARACTERISTICS
• Weight from 1g to 1tn
• Particle size <2mm
CHARACTERISTICS (PER CATALYST):
• 750 gr of honeycomb
• 30 gr of rare earths
• 1.96 gr of noble metals
H2020 SME Instrument (Phase II) project.EC contribution 983,750Euros.Duration 1/8/2017-31/7/2019 (2 years).
The project will bring to themarket a disruptive innovation, allowing forthe first time to substitute up to 60% of PGMsused in autocatalysts with coppernanoparticles, while keeping the sameperformances and durability.
Specifically the project objectives are:
1. Industrialising production and
demonstrate on large scale performances.
2. Substituting 60% of PGMs used in autocatalysts with
copper nanoparticles.
3. Decoupling Europe from a Critical Raw Material (PGMs).
4. Boosting European automotive and emission control
catalyst markets.
Copper costs ~6,800 times less than Platinum (4.5€/Kg
against 30,550€/Kg) which means that European
industries can save almost €250 mln to be reinvested in
RD&I and job growth.
5. Boosting growth worldwide.
FIAT 500, 1.2lt 2009
Euro V/VI
MINI COOPER 1.6lt 2005
Euro IV
RENAULT MEGANE
1.4lt (OBD) 2000
Euro III
• 100% of the PGM are provided by recycling spent automotive catalytic converters.
• Analytical spent automotive catalytic converters samples can be manufactured
enabling research and innovation activities in the filed at bigger scales with lower
cost.
• PGM salts and nitrates can be provided for all kind of applications
(jewelry, medical, dental, photovoltaic, etc.).
• Polymetallic (Pt, Pd, Rh) Copper Based Nano-Catalytic Washcoat can be produced
for all kind of catalytic application (fuel cells, petrochemical, etc.).
• Low PGM Copper Based full scale automotive catalysts (containing 50% less PGMs
compared to commercial catalysts) have been manufactured and validated.
