iaea training in emergency preparedness and response module l-054 scenario, injects and data lecture

IAEA Training in Emergency Preparedness and Response

Module L-054Module L-054

Scenario, Injects and Data

LectureLecture

L-054: Scenario, Injects and Data 2

Objectives

• Know the overall process for the development of an exercise scenario.

• Understand the difference between injects and data

• Know what data is required to run an exercise

• Understand the need for scenario security


Process Overview

Objectives

Reviewprocedures

Basic scenario Validate

Detailed scenario,injects and data


Objectives and Scenario

• The scenario is based on the

objectives!• The scenario MUST allow all the selected

objectives to be met


Exercise Objectives

• Choice of objectives:• Select compatible objectives

• Don’t be too ambitious

• Don’t try to do everything in one exercise

• But do try to cover all objectives over a five-year program


Review Procedures

• To understand expected actions by participants

• To understand what information and data needs to be injected, and when

• Rule 1: Use existing procedures

• When is it allowed to break Rule 1?


Review Procedures (Cont’d)

• When is it allowed to break Rule 1?• When testing a new plan and new procedures...


Develop the Basic Scenario

• It is like writing a story!

• Like a good story• The plot must be believable

• The story must be captivating...

• From beginning to end!


A Believable Story!

• Events must be physically possible

• As much as possible, they must be credible• They may be highly improbable but even

improbable things happen!

• Random failures should be on somewhat related systems (causal relationship)

• External events are a nice way to initiate an emergency (fire, earthquake, storm)


A Captivating Story!

• Don’t bunch events

• Don’t overwhelm staff

• Don’t try things that have a fair chance of ruining the exercise

• Most beautiful exercise is one where initiating event is simple and is allowed to run its course naturally


A Story That Unfolds by Itself

• The scenario should allow as much free-play as possible• How much controller intervention is required to drive the

scenario?

• Simulation is always required but should be minimal• Simulation interferes with the exercise

• The scenario should unfold naturally and realistically• How much human errors or stupidity is required to make

the scenario happen?


Designing the Event SequencesBottom-up Approach

• Start with the final events • (evacuation, life-threatening injury,...)

• Work backwards towards realistic initiating events

• Respect timing and duration of intermediate events

• Tie the whole series of events in a "Story"


Designing the Event SequencesTop-down Approach

• Start with the initiating event • (tornado, LOCA...)

• Play out the consequences according to safety analysis, plans and procedures

• Add embellishments to the basic "Story"


Event Sequences: Validation

• Training staff is very valuable

• Explain the methodology (or recipe…)

• Explain the objectives

• Explain your needs

• Respect their advice

• Verify safety of scenario


Exercise ScenarioDetailed Contents

• Start state• Narrative• Critical time line• Master event list• Local event lists• Supporting data


What do You Need to Run the Scenario?

Controller Injects Players

Actions

Data

Response

gives to

Perform

Receive

React


Injects (Reminder)

• Inject = information “injected” by a controller to a player to simulate an event• Example: Initiation of a fire alarm in a facility


Inject (Example)

From: simulated police chiefTo: regional emergency management groupTime: 0830 hMessage:This is lieutenant Palmer. The evacuation of sector A is proceeding. There is a traffic jam at the corner of Main road and Sanity boulevard. Estimate that it will clear in 2 hours.


Inject (Example)

Inject # 1-10 Inject time 0730Injected by On-site controllerInjection method Phone call

MESSAGE

From: WitnessTo: Eemergency response 24/7 call service or other designated playerSimulated time: 0730

A witness called the emergency response 24/7 service to inform the emergencydispatchers of an emergency. He gave information about a train and truck crash,possible leaking fuel, and gave no other information.


Inject (Example)

• Medical injects• Patient starts vomiting

• Moulage


How to Deliver an Inject

• Verbally (by simulating the originator)• Direct but interferes with the player

• By phone, fax or radio• Direct and simulates reality

• In writing, by handing out the inject• Indirect and interferes with players, but is the best

way in cases where there is a language barrier

• Visually• Example, moulage


Data (Reminder)

• Data = information provided by a controller to a player when adequate actions are taken to obtain it• Example: ambient gamma measurement when a

survey is conducted


What Data is Required?

• All information needed but not actually available must be simulated

• To understand what data will be required, ask yourselves:• What must the players do?• What information or data will they need?• Will that data be available?• Is it essential for their performance?• In what form is it normally obtained?


What Data is Required (Cont’d)?

• Generate the data in the form required:• e.g. If ambient dose rate is measured, do not

provide committed effective dose or dose rate

• e.g. If contamination meters read in cpm, do not provide contamination data in Bq/m2

• e.g. If the meters saturate at the expected reading, don’t give a reading that exceeds the scale of the instrument


Data Required (Facility)

• System parameters

• In-station radiological data

• Stack monitor readings

• Off-site radiological measurements• Gamma shine

• Ground deposition

• Soil and food contamination



• Chemistry laboratory analyses

• Health physics laboratory analyses

• Fixed monitoring station readings

• Personnel accounting (to simulate missing persons if required)

• Medical data



• Source term?• Not required because not normally available


Data Required (Off-site)

• Radiation levels

• Vehicle contamination

• People contamination data

• Road conditions

• Other operational data


Data Required (Off-site)

• Weather: real or simulated?


Data Required (Medical)

• Patient basic information

• Vital signs

• Bioassay results

• X-ray results

• Lymphocyte counts

• Status of injuries

• Others


How to Prepare the Data?

• From tables• Technical data

• From graphs• Time-dependent technical data

• From figures or pictures• Geometric technical data, layouts, site condition,

control board status

• From maps• Geographical information


Tables

Time Containment pressure

Remark

0900 60 kPa Increasing

0930 90 kPa Stable

1000 85 kPa decreasing


Exercise DataGraphs (Example)

Ambient radiation levels

0

50

100

150

9 10 11 12 13

time

mic

roS

v/h


20 - 25 cps

15 - 20 cps

10 - 15 cps

5 - 10 cps

Exercise DataFigures or Pictures (Example)


Exercise DataMaps (Example)

1 33 46 49 51

LittleDipperHarbour

58

63

Pt Lepreau NGS

Dipper Harbour

2 km

4 km

6 km

8 km

10 km

100101

102

103

104105

106107 108


Maps (Cont’d)F ig u r e 1 : D o s e r a t e s a t t h e s c e n e b e f o r e s o u r c e r e m o v a l

D o s e r a t e s in m S v / h . E a c h s q u a r e r e p r e s e n t s 1 m 2 . T h e s o u r c e lo c a t io n is s h o w n inr e d . N o t e t h a t t h e d is t a n c e a t w h ic h t h e a m b ie n t g a m m a d o s e r a t e d r o p s t o 1 0 0 S v / h isa t a b o u t 1 0 0 m .

3 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 7 8 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 7 1 8 2 0 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 4 2 3 2 2 2 0 1 8 1 7 1 5 1 4

4 4 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 4 1 5 1 7 1 9 2 1 2 4 2 6 2 8 2 9 3 1 3 1 3 1 2 9 2 8 2 6 2 4 2 1 1 9 1 7 1 5

4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 4 1 5 1 7 2 0 2 2 2 5 2 8 3 1 3 4 3 7 3 8 3 9 3 8 3 7 3 4 3 1 2 8 2 5 2 2 2 0 1 7

4 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 3 1 5 1 7 1 9 2 2 2 6 2 9 3 4 3 9 4 3 4 7 5 0 5 1 5 0 4 7 4 3 3 8 3 4 2 9 2 6 2 2 1 9

4 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 4 1 6 1 8 2 1 2 5 2 9 3 5 4 1 4 8 5 6 6 3 6 8 6 9 6 8 6 3 5 6 4 8 4 1 3 5 2 9 2 5 2 1

4 4 5 5 5 6 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 3 1 5 1 7 2 0 2 4 2 8 3 4 4 1 5 0 6 1 7 4 8 6 9 6 1 0 0 9 6 8 6 7 4 6 1 5 0 4 1 3 4 2 8 2 4

4 4 5 5 5 6 7 7 8 9 1 0 1 2 1 4 1 6 1 8 2 2 2 6 3 1 3 9 4 8 6 1 7 8 1 0 0 1 2 5 1 4 7 1 5 6 1 4 7 1 2 5 1 0 0 7 8 6 1 4 8 3 8 3 1 2 6

4 4 5 5 6 6 7 8 8 9 1 1 1 2 1 4 1 6 1 9 2 3 2 8 3 4 4 3 5 6 7 4 1 0 0 1 3 9 1 9 3 2 5 0 2 7 8 2 5 0 1 9 2 1 3 9 1 0 0 7 4 5 6 4 3 3 4 2 8

4 4 5 5 6 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 3 1 4 1 7 2 0 2 4 2 9 3 7 4 7 6 3 8 7 1 2 5 1 9 3 3 1 3 5 0 0 6 2 5 5 0 0 3 1 3 1 9 2 1 2 5 8 6 6 3 4 7 3 7 2 9

4 4 5 5 6 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 3 1 5 1 7 2 1 2 5 3 1 3 9 5 0 6 8 9 7 1 4 8 2 5 1 5 0 1 1 2 5 1 2 5 0 1 1 2 5 0 5 0 0 2 5 0 1 4 7 9 6 6 8 5 0 3 8 3 1

4 4 5 5 6 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 3 1 5 1 7 2 1 2 5 3 1 3 9 5 1 7 0 1 0 1 1 5 7 2 7 9 6 2 6 2 5 0 1 2 5 0 1 2 5 0 0 6 2 5 2 7 8 1 5 6 1 0 0 6 9 5 1 3 9 3 1

4 4 5 5 6 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 3 1 5 1 7 2 1 2 5 3 1 3 9 5 0 6 8 9 6 1 4 7 2 5 1 5 0 1 1 2 5 1 2 5 0 1 1 2 5 0 5 0 0 2 5 0 1 4 7 9 6 6 8 5 0 3 8 3 1

4 4 5 5 6 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 3 1 4 1 7 2 0 2 4 2 9 3 7 4 7 6 3 8 6 1 2 5 1 9 3 3 1 3 5 0 1 6 2 6 5 0 0 3 1 3 1 9 2 1 2 5 8 6 6 3 4 7 3 7 2 9

4 4 5 5 6 6 7 8 8 9 1 1 1 2 1 4 1 6 1 9 2 3 2 8 3 4 4 3 5 6 7 4 1 0 0 1 3 9 1 9 3 2 5 1 2 7 8 2 5 0 1 9 3 1 3 9 1 0 0 7 4 5 6 4 3 3 4 2 8

4 4 5 5 5 6 7 7 8 9 1 0 1 2 1 4 1 6 1 8 2 2 2 6 3 1 3 9 4 8 6 1 7 8 1 0 0 1 2 5 1 4 8 1 5 7 1 4 7 1 2 5 1 0 0 7 8 6 1 4 8 3 8 3 1 2 6

4 4 5 5 5 6 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 3 1 5 1 7 2 0 2 4 2 8 3 4 4 1 5 0 6 1 7 4 8 6 9 7 1 0 1 9 7 8 6 7 4 6 1 5 0 4 1 3 4 2 8 2 4

4 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 4 1 6 1 8 2 1 2 5 2 9 3 5 4 1 4 8 5 6 6 3 6 8 7 0 6 8 6 3 5 6 4 8 4 1 3 5 2 9 2 5 2 1

4 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 3 1 5 1 7 1 9 2 2 2 6 2 9 3 4 3 9 4 3 4 7 5 0 5 2 5 0 4 7 4 3 3 9 3 4 2 9 2 6 2 2 1 9

4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 4 1 5 1 7 2 0 2 2 2 5 2 8 3 1 3 4 3 7 3 9 4 0 3 9 3 7 3 4 3 1 2 8 2 5 2 2 2 0 1 7

4 4 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 4 1 5 1 7 1 9 2 1 2 4 2 6 2 8 3 0 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 0 2 8 2 6 2 4 2 1 1 9 1 7 1 5


How to Provide the Data

• Verbally or in writing• Be non-intrusive• Avoid conversations• Do not show the entire graph when using a

graph• Do not show the map if a single point data is

required• If the player does not take the appropriate

action, do not volunteer the data


Scenario Security

• Scenario security is important:• It helps ensure that the participants react in a

realistic way

• It helps ensure that the evaluation is accurate

• It is more stimulating and adds value to the exercise

• It leads to useful lessons


Summary

• You need to select objectives before you design an exercise

• The scenario is directly related to the objectives

• The scenario needs to be realistic and validated

• Injects and data are different• Injects drive the scenario

• Data must be deserved by the player

• Provide injects and data in a realistic and practical manner

iaea training in emergency preparedness and response module l-054 scenario, injects and data lecture

Documents

exercise scenario

scenario security slide

data slide

basic story slide

storm slide

data lecture slide

fiveyear program slide

compatible objectives