iaea training in emergency preparedness and response module l-051 general concepts of exercises to...

IAEA Training in Emergency Preparedness and Response

Module L-051Module L-051

General Concepts of Exercises to Test Preparedness

LectureLecture

L-051: General Concepts of Exercises to Test Preparedness

2

Objectives

• Understand the concept of an integrated emergency preparedness program

• Understand the role of exercises within that program

• Know the different types of exercises

• Know the purpose of exercises


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Background

• EPR-METHOD 2003 – Method for Developing Arrangements for Response to a Nuclear or Radiological Emergency provides:• Elements of good response plans and

arrangements

• Performance objectives


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Background (cont’d)

• The evaluation of plans and resources is not sufficient

• Training is important

• The ability to perform is what matters


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Emergency Preparedness Program

Trainingdrill andexercises

Coordination

AuthorityOrganization

QAProgramme

Plans andProcedures

Logisticalsupport and

facilities

Meet Response Objectives


6

Plans and

procedures

Training Exercises

Three Components of an Effective Emergency Preparedness Program


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Emergency Preparedness Effectiveness

• How do we know if all the emergency preparedness is effective?

• Do we know if it will really work?


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Evaluating Performance

• Real Emergency

• Drill

• Table Top

• Test

• Exercise


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Real Emergency

• The real test!

• A learning experience, although too late

• Even small incidents provide a good learning opportunity• If properly evaluated (post mortem)

• If feed back process

• If a positive learning attitude is maintained


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Drill

• Drill = small directed exercise• Purpose is learning or testing a small portion of the

plan or procedures• Examples

• Activation drill• Survey drill• Medical drill• Decision-making drill

• A drill is often preceded and/or followed by a training session


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Examples of Drills

• Communications

• Notification

• Station personnel accounting

• Radiological monitoring

• Off-site exposure assessment

• Personnel dose assessment and control

• Contamination control

• Off-site protective actions

• Medical first aid

• Emergency analysis

• Public information


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Table Top

• Table top = exercise without deployment of resources

• Used mainly for decision-makers

• Evolution can be slow-time and discussion is encouraged


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Test

• Test = evaluated or graded exercise for an individual or a team

• A great way to verify performance

• Examples: operator testing

• Not suitable for a large organization or for several interacting organizations


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Exercises

• Exercise = coordinated response to a simulated and complex scenario

• Exercises challenge• Plan

• Procedures

• Resources

• Performance

• The only real way (except for real emergencies) to test the integrated performance


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Exercises (cont’d)

• Exercises are also an excellent training opportunity to:• Test new concepts

• Learn to respond under stress


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Exercises

Facility emergency

• On-Site

• Off-Site

• Full Scale

Transport emergency, etc.

• On-scene

• Pre-hospital

• Hospital emergency

• Longer-term medical management


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Why Exercises?

• Emergency response exercises are:• Powerful tool for verification and improvement

• Used for training, validation, evaluation and regulatory purposes

• Increasingly considered an important part of safety

• Their value depends on clear objectives:• Preparation

• Conduct

• Evaluation


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Purpose of an Exercise

• To test the overall performance of emergency response plans, procedures, arrangements, resources and people• The main purpose is not to test individuals, but to

test the system

• The purpose of an exercise is not to demonstrate how good the response organizations are, or how bad they could be

• To train

• To test or explore new concepts and ideas


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Purpose of an Exercise (cont’d)

A good exercise is not necessarily one where everything goes well, but rather one where

many good lessons are learned


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Purpose of an Exercise (cont’d)

• Validate a new plan or a new concept

• Periodic verification

• Communications

• Regulatory compliance

• Continued improvement


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Secrets to a Good Exercise

• Objectives must be clearly identified and communicated

• Scenario must be realistic and challenging

• Exercise instructions must be clear, well communicated and professional

• Exercise control must be strict, non-intrusive and professional

• Evaluation must be critical and well substantiated

• Evaluation report must be timely


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Some Important Definitions:Exercise Team

• Controllers• Manage the exercise

• Provide the necessary injects and data

• Evaluators• Take notes during the exercise

• Evaluate the exercise


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Some Important Definitions: Players

• Emergency responders

• Take part in the exercise by taking actions required as if it were a real emergency

• Part of the organizations being evaluated

• Do not know the exercise scenario


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Some Important Definitions: Observers

• Observers observe!

• They do not interfere

• They do not manage

• They do not evaluate

• They stay out of the way!


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Summary

• Emergency response exercises• Are part of a safety program

• Are the only way to test performance in real time (other than real events)

• Challenge the entire organization and its interfaces

• Challenge communications

• Can be an excellent continuous improvement tool

iaea training in emergency preparedness and response module l-051 general concepts of exercises to...

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