iaea international atomic energy agency current practice of occupational radiation protection in...
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IAEAInternational Atomic Energy Agency
Current practice of occupational radiation protection in industrial radiography
IRPA13, 13-18 May 2012, Glasgow, Scotland
John Le Heron1, Richard van Sonsbeek2, Gonzague Abela3, Francisco da Silva4, Razak Hamzah5, Thomas Levey6, Matthias Purschke7, Kamal Sahaimi8,
Christian Lefaure9
1 Division for Radiation, Transport and Waste Safety, IAEA, Vienna, Austria2 Applus RTD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; 3 EDF, Saint Denis, France
4 IRD/CNEN, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; 5 Malaysia Nuclear Agency, Kajang, Malaysia6 Acuren Group Inc, Edmonton, Canada; 7 DGZfP, Berlin, Germany
8 CNESTEN, Rabat, Morocco; 9 Consultant, Paris, France
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Outline
• ISEMIR & WGIR• The WGIR survey• Selected results• Tools for optimization of protection
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ISEMIR & WGIR
• Information System on Occupational Exposure in Medicine, Industry & Research• Launched in January 2009, to help improve occupational
radiation protection in targeted areas
• Working Group on Industrial Radiography (2010)
• A worldwide survey of current occupational RP practice in IR• 3 Questionnaires
− Industrial Radiographers (Operators)−NDT Companies −Regulatory Bodies
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The questionnaires addressed:
• Education & training of radiographers in radiation protection
• Learning from accidents, near misses, and deviations from normal operations
• Systems and procedures in place for safe operation• Emergency preparedness and response• Individual monitoring
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Distribution & Responses
Operator Company Regulatory Body
English X X X
German X X
French X X
Portuguese X X
Spanish X X
Dutch X
Russian X X
Chinese X X
• Translation into several languages
• Distribution:• Contacts of WGIR members
for the Operator & Company questionnaires
• IAEA for RB questionnaire
• Responses, after about one year of distribution:
Operator QuestionnaireCompany
Questionnaire Regulatory Bodies
Operators Companies Countries Companies Countries
Global 432 151 31 95 29 59
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A few selected results
• But first a caveat or two:• Operator and company questionnaires:
• Method of distribution probably means:• Participants are likely to be at the “better end” of
the practice spectrum• Many questions involved self-assessment of habits or
performance• Hence perception versus reality
Results from the survey probably give an over-optimistic picture
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Learning from incidents
• Rate of occurrence in industrial radiography:
• Level of dissemination of lessons learned appears to be low• 40% of NDT companies do not share information on incidents with other
organizations
Operator responses Company responses
# per operator per 5 year # per operator per 5 year
Accidents 0.04 0.03
Near Misses 0.1 0.05
Deviations 0.6 0.05
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Individual monitoring - 2009
D<mdl mdl≤D<1 1≤D<5 5≤D<10 10≤D<20 20≤D<50 D≥500
10
20
30
40
Percentages of radiographers with annual dose in the dose bandsData from Radiographers Data from NDT companies Data from Regulatory Bodies
Annual effective dose (mSv)
% in
eac
h do
se b
and
Mean effective dose (mSv)
% ≥ 20 mSv
Radiographer data
3.4 2%
RB data 2.9 2%
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Dose versus workload
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 200000
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Annual effective dose versus annual workload: Industrial radiographers, 2009
Number of exposures in 2009
An
nu
al e
ffec
tive
do
se (
mS
v)
Scope for improved optimization of protection
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ISEMIR – an international database (1)
• A tool for optimization of Occupational RP• Primarily for the end-user
• Based around individual NDT companies• Individual personnel in each company
• Occupational doses• Radiographic workloads • Individual attributes that might influence occupational
dose
IAEAAlways Sometimes0
2
4
6
8
Estimates of mean occupational dose per exposure, based on use of collimators in gamma radiography
mean - 2σ/√n
mean
mean + 2σ/√n
Use of collimators
Oc
cu
pa
tio
na
l do
se
pe
r e
xp
os
ure
(µ
Sv
/ex
p)
ISEMIR – an international database (2)
Individual’s metric:• Dose per exposure
• Workload• Doses
Individual’s attributes:• Professional training• RP training• Role• RP habits• Sources used and where• Incidents
Analysis of dose per exposure • Based on any combination of:
• Individuals’ attributes
Bench-marking• NDT company performance• Individuals within a company
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The Road Map
• Self assessment tool for NDT companies• Based on questions in the Company
questionnaire• Results of the Company questionnaire are
used to define good practice
A company’s strengths and weaknesses identified
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Summary
• The worldwide survey showed that there is considerable scope for improvement in occupational radiation protection in industrial radiography
• Two tools for optimization are being developed for use by NDT companies• International ISEMIR database • The road map