i7 report

Intel Core i7 Processor

Department of Computer Applications

i7 PROCESSOR: AN INTRODUCTION

Product Overview:

The Intel Core i7intelligent micro architecture new Intel Core i7 processors deliver an you’re casually checking esuch as HD video encoding, you will experience maximum PC desktop processors on the planet.processing power where itincredible breakthrough in planet.

You'll multiapplications faster and unleash incredible digital media creation. And you'll experience maximum performance for everything you do, thanks to the combination of Intel Turbo Boost technology and Intel Hyper-Threading technology (Intel HT technology), which maximizes performance to match your workload.

Intel Core i7 is x86-64 processors using the 2 brand. The Core i7 identifier was first applied to the initial family of processors Bloomfield introduced in 2008. In 2009 the name was applied to models. Prior to 2010, all models re quaddual-core Arran dale models, and the hyper threaded cores.

Intel Core i7 Processor Seminar Report 2013

pplications

i7 PROCESSOR: AN INTRODUCTION

:

The Intel Core i7 Processor is a revolution in multi-core performance. With faster, micro architecture that applies processing power dynamically when needed

i7 processors deliver an incredible breakthrough in PC performance. Whether hecking e-mail and surfing or multitasking computeencoding, you will experience maximum PC performance. They a

desktop processors on the planet. With faster, intelligent, multi-core technology that applies r where it's needed most, new Intel Core i7 processors delive

incredible breakthrough in PC performance. They are the best desktop processor family on the

You'll multi-task applications faster and unleash incredible digital media creation.

you'll experience maximum performance for everything you do, thanks to the combination of Intel Turbo Boost technology and Intel

Threading technology (Intel HT technology), which maximizes performance to match your

is Intel's brand name for several families of desktop and laptop processors using the Intel Nehalem micro architecture. It is a successor to the

identifier was first applied to the initial family of processors introduced in 2008. In 2009 the name was applied to Lynnfield

models. Prior to 2010, all models re quad-core processors. In 2010, the name was applied to models, and the Gulf town Core i7-980X Extreme processor which has six

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performance. With faster, dynamically when needed most, the

in PC performance. Whether compute-intensive applications performance. They are the best

core technology that applies 's needed most, new Intel Core i7 processors deliver an

PC performance. They are the best desktop processor family on the

's brand name for several families of desktop and laptop 64-bit It is a successor to the Intel Core

identifier was first applied to the initial family of processors codenamed Lynnfield and Clarkefield

core processors. In 2010, the name was applied to X Extreme processor which has six


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Launch of i7 Processor:

Intel representatives state that Core i7 is meant to help consumers decide which processor to purchase as the ner Nehalem-based products are released in the future. The name continues the use of the Intel Core brand. Core i7, first assembled in Costa Rica, was officially launched on November 17, 2008[11] and is manufactured in Arizona, New Mexico and Oregon, though the Oregon (PTD, Fab D1D) plant has already moved to the next generation 32 nm process.

Product information:

• 3.06 GHz, 2.93 GHz, and 2.66 GHz core speed • 8 processing threads with Intel HT technology • 8 MB of Intel Smart Cache • 3 Channels of DDR3 1066 MHz memory

Intel officially unveiled all details regarding its Core i3, Core i5 and Core i7 Mobile as ll as Desktop processors in CES 2010. The introduction of new chips coincides with the arrival of Intel’s new 32 nm architecture, manufacturing process and integration high-definition graphics inside the processor. It is the successor of the 45 nm architecture.

Intel is expecting good results from better-integrated graphics of the Core i3 and i5 processors, as the sales in the last two years re rather flat. The new “Arran dale” graphics technology has 20% more shades which is an important component for 3D graphics, Intel senior vice president Sean Maloney said. Intel claims that the graphics performance is roughly 70% better than the integrated graphics in the current Core 2 Duo.


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ABOUT PROCESSOR

The Central Processing Unit (CPU) or the processor is the portion of a computer system that carries out the instructions of a computer program, and is the primary element carrying out the computer's functions. This term has been in use in the computer industry at least since the early 1960s. The form, design and implementation ofCPUs have changed dramatically since the earliest examples, but their fundamental operation remains much the same.

� TheCPU (Processor) is the brain of every computer. Every calculation and process made by a computer is executed by theCPU. � The processor performs calculations by using bits (definition of bit), which can have a value of 1 or 0. � The most common processor is a 32-bit, but 64-bit processors are becoming more popular in ner computers. � Moore's Law from 1965 predicts that processing por should double every 18 months, but was revised in 1975 to every 2 years. This prediction was made on the basis that the circuitry, resistors, and other processor parts are being made smaller and smaller. � Currently, an average CPU can have processing speeds from about 2.0 GHz to 3.4 GHz, with the manufacturers fast approaching the 4.0 GHz mark.

Early CPUs re custom-designed as a part of a larger, sometimes one-of-a-kind, and computer. Hover, this costly method of designing custom CPUs for a particular application has largely given way to the development of mass-produced processors that are made for one or many purposes. This standardization trend generally began in the era of discrete transistor mainframes and minicomputers and has rapidly accelerated with the popularization of the integrated circuit (IC).

The design complexity of CPUs increased as various technologies facilitated building smaller and more reliable electronic devices. The first such improvement came with the advent of the transistor. Transistorized CPUs during the 1950s and 1960s no longer had to be built out of bulky, unreliable, and fragile switching elements like vacuum tubes and electrical relays.


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A method of manufacturing many transistors in a compact space gained popularity. The integrated circuit (IC) allowed a large number of transistors to be manufactured on a single semiconductor-based die, or "chip." At first only very basic non-specialized digital circuits such as NOR gates re miniaturized into ICs. CPUs based upon these "building block" ICs are generally referred to as "small-scale integration" (SSI) devices.

TYPES OF PROCESSORS

Reduce costs and increase productivity with the new 2010 Intel Core processor family. Delivering intelligent performance and energy efficiency, processors from Intel offer the best choice for smart, safe, and reliable computing in the office, at home, and on-the-go. Integrating advanced hardware-based technologies built-in, the Intel Core processor family has Intel Turbo Boost Technology and Intel Hyper-Threading Technology (Intel HT Technology) to bring even greater performance and productivity by automatically adapting to each user's unique needs.

1) Desktop processors:

• Intel Core i7 processor Extreme Edition

• Intel Core i7 processor



• Intel Core i7 vPro processor


• Intel Pentium processor


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2) Server and workstation processors:

• Intel server processors • • Intel workstation processors

3) Internet device processors:

• Intel Atom processor

4) Laptop processors:

• Intel Core i7 mobile processor Extreme Edition

• Intel Core i7 mobile processor

• Intel Core i5 mobile processor

• Intel Core i3 mobile processor • • Intel Core i7 vPro processor


• Intel Celeron processor


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INTEL CORE i7 PROCESSORS FEATURES

� Quad-Core Processing: Provides four independent execution cores in one processor package. Four dedicated processing cores help operating systems and applications deliver additional performance, so end users can experience better multitasking and multithreaded performance across many types of applications and workloads. � Intel Hyper-Threading: Delivers two processing threads per physical core for a total of eight threads for massive computational throughput. With Intel Hyper-Threading Technology, highly threaded applications can get more work done in parallel, completing tasks sooner. With more threads available to the operating system, multitasking becomes even easier. This amazing processor can handle multiple applications working simultaneously, allowing you to do more with less wait time.

� Intel Turbo Boost Technology: Dynamically increases the processor’s frequency as needed by taking advantage of thermal and por headroom when operating below specified limits. Get more performance automatically, when you need it the most.

� 8 MB Intel Smart Cache: This large last-level cache enables dynamic and efficient allocation of shared cache to all four cores to match the needs of various applications for ultra-efficient data storage and manipulation.

� Intel Quick Path Interconnect: Intel’s latest system interconnect design increases bandwidth and lors latency, while achieving data transfer speeds as high as 25.6 GB/s.

� Enabling Execute Disable Bit functionality: It requires a PC with a processor with Execute Disable Bit capability and a supporting operating system. Check with your PC manufacturer on whether your system delivers Execute Disable Bit functionality.

� Integrated Memory Controller: An integrated memory controller with three channels of DDR3 1066 MHz offers memory performance up to 25.6 GB/s. Combined with the processor’s efficient perfecting algorithms, this memory controller’s lor latency and higher memory bandwidth delivers amazing performance for data-intensive applications.

� Intel HD Boost: Includes the full SSE4 instruction set, significantly improving a broad range of multimedia and compute intensive applications. The 128-bit SSE instructions are issued at a throughput rate of one per clock cycle allowing a new level of processing efficiency with SSE4-optimized applications.


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� Digital Thermal Sensor (DTS): Provides for more efficient processor and platform thermal control improving system acoustics. The DTS continuously measures the temperature at each processing core. The ability to continuously measure and detect variations in processor temperature enables system fans to spin only as fast as needed to cool the system. The combination of these technologies can result in significantly lor noise emissions from the PC.

� Intel Wide Dynamic Execution: Improves execution speed and efficiency, delivering more instructions per clock cycle. Each core can complete up to four full instructions simultaneously.

� Intel Smart Memory Access: Improves system performance by optimizing the use of the available data bandwidth from the memory subsystem and reducing the effective latency of memory accesses.

� A Smarter Way to Work and Play: Whether you’re casually checking e-mail and surfing the b or multitasking compute-intensive applications such as HD video encoding, you want a processor that enables maximum PC performance. With the Intel Core i7 processor, you’ll get just that. An unprecedented four-core, eight-thread design with Intel Hyper-Threading Technology3 ensures incredible performance, no matter what your computing needs. And with more than double the memory bandwidth for faster memory access4, you’ll achieve more while waiting less. � Shatter Your Limits: It’s time for digital content creation that’s limited only by your imagination. Experience total creative freedom with the poor to encode video up to 40% faster.5 and enjoy incredible performance on other multimedia tasks like image rendering, photo retouching, and editing.


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TYPES OF PLATFORMS

Mobile Platform:

Just three months after their Developer Forum 2009 in September, Intel has introduced new dual-core 2.66GHz Intel Core i7-620M processor with TDP rating of 35W. Four other dual-core Intel Core i7 chips re introduced of which two are for low-voltage family (2.0GHz Core i7-620LM and 2.13GHz Core i7-640LM) and other two are for ultra-low voltage family (1.06GHz Core i7-620UM and 1.2GHz Core i7-640UM).

Both pairs of low-voltage and ultra-low voltage processors will offer Intel Turbo Boost Technology to increase the performance. The low-voltage Intel Core i7 mobile chips have TDP rating of 25W while the ultra-low Core i7 chips have TDP rating of 18W.

Two new Intel Core i3 and three new Core i5 mobile processors re also unveiled at the same time. Out of these the new Core i3 processors are clocked beten 2.13GHz for Core i3-330M and 2.26GHz for Core i3-350M. Both processors have Thermal Design Poor rating of 35W. These Core i3 are mostly made for light-light notebooks but won’t offer Intel Turbo Boost Technology to increase the CPU clock speed for higher performance.

.

Desktop Platform:

For the desktop segment, the “Clarkdale” processors include two Core i3 and four Core i5 processors. The two dual-core Core i3 processors include 2.93GHz Core i3-530 and 3.06GHz Core i3-540 processor. These processors won’t have Intel Turbo Boost Technology support but can support Intel Virtualization Technology. These Core i3 chips will have TDP rating of 73W.

Moving ahead, the four dual-core Core i5 chips include 3.2GHz Core i5-650, 3.33GHz Core i5-660, 3.33GHz Core i5-661 and 3.46GHz Core i5-670 microprocessors. These Core i5 chips will feature Intel Turbo Boost technology, Intel Virtualization Technology and will have TDP of 73W while Core i5 will have TDP of 83W.



OPERATION OF PROCESSOR

What's Inside a CPU?

�Control Unit (CU) controls the sequence of instructions to be executed and it also manages the flow of data to and from other parts of the computer for instance the internal parts, like memory, or the external parts like a hard drive. It interprets instructiming of the processor.

�Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) are two units that perform different operations, but in similar operations. The Arithmetic unit processes the data for math purposes or for additional processing like combination or deletion or interruption processes. That is done with the logic unit.

�Registers are special memory elements used by the CPU for storing data temporarily during execution of instruction. For instance, the Instruction Register (IR) holds the executed. Meanwhile the Process Status Register holds "processor bit" about operations done by ALU. These registers are pseudo memory modules; useful because they don't have to leave the CPU so they are in the same "room" when the ALU or



OPERATION OF PROCESSOR

Control Unit (CU) controls the sequence of instructions to be executed and it also manages the flow of data to and from other parts of the computer for instance the internal parts, like memory, or the external parts like a hard drive. It interprets instructions and it regulates the

Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) are two units that perform different operations, but in similar operations. The Arithmetic unit processes the data for math purposes or for additional

ination or deletion or interruption processes. That is done with the logic

Registers are special memory elements used by the CPU for storing data temporarily during execution of instruction. For instance, the Instruction Register (IR) holds the executed. Meanwhile the Process Status Register holds "processor bit" about operations done by ALU. These registers are pseudo memory modules; useful because they don't have to leave the CPU so they are in the same "room" when the ALU or Control unit needs them again.

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Control Unit (CU) controls the sequence of instructions to be executed and it also manages the flow of data to and from other parts of the computer for instance the internal parts, like

tions and it regulates the

Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) are two units that perform different operations, but in similar operations. The Arithmetic unit processes the data for math purposes or for additional

ination or deletion or interruption processes. That is done with the logic

Registers are special memory elements used by the CPU for storing data temporarily during execution of instruction. For instance, the Instruction Register (IR) holds the instruction being executed. Meanwhile the Process Status Register holds "processor bit" about operations done by ALU. These registers are pseudo memory modules; useful because they don't have to leave the

Control unit needs them again.



�The Program Counter (PC) holds the address of next instruction to be executed. While the Instruction Decoder is a device which interprets the instruction to be (ACC) stores intermediate and final resul

The fundamental operation of mostexecute a sequence of stored instructions called a program. The program is represented by a series of numbers that are kept in some kind of nearly all CPUs use in their operation:

1) Fetch: It involves retrieving an numbers) from program memory. The location in program memcounter (PC), which stores a number that identifies the current position in the program. In other words, the program counter keeps track of theinstruction is fetched, the PC is incremented by the length of the instruction word in terms of memory units.

2) Decode: The instruction that theCPU is to do. In the decodeother portions of the CPUdefined by the CPU's instruction set architecture (responsible for instruction decoding re



The Program Counter (PC) holds the address of next instruction to be executed. While the Instruction Decoder is a device which interprets the instruction to be (ACC) stores intermediate and final results of calculation. It's the main working area of ALU.

The fundamental operation of most CPUs, regardless of the physical form they take, is to execute a sequence of stored instructions called a program. The program is represented by a

that are kept in some kind of computer memory. There are four steps that s use in their operation: fetch, decode, execute, and write back

involves retrieving an instruction (which is represented by a number or sequence of numbers) from program memory. The location in program memory is determined by a

(PC), which stores a number that identifies the current position in the program. In other words, the program counter keeps track of the CPU's place in the current program. After an instruction is fetched, the PC is incremented by the length of the instruction word in terms of

The instruction that the CPU fetches from memory is used to determine what thedecode step, the instruction is broken up into parts that have significance to CPU. The way in which the numerical instruction value is interpreted is

's instruction set architecture (ISA). In older designsresponsible for instruction decoding re unchangeable hardware devices.

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The Program Counter (PC) holds the address of next instruction to be executed. While the Instruction Decoder is a device which interprets the instruction to be executed. Accumulator

. It's the main working area of ALU.

s, regardless of the physical form they take, is to execute a sequence of stored instructions called a program. The program is represented by a

. There are four steps that write back.

(which is represented by a number or sequence of ory is determined by a program

(PC), which stores a number that identifies the current position in the program. In other 's place in the current program. After an

instruction is fetched, the PC is incremented by the length of the instruction word in terms of

fetches from memory is used to determine what the step, the instruction is broken up into parts that have significance to

. The way in which the numerical instruction value is interpreted is ). In older designs the portions of the CPU

unchangeable hardware devices.


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3) Execute: During this step, various portions of the CPU are connected so they can perform the desired operation. If, for instance, an addition operation was requested, an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) will be connected to a set of inputs and a set of outputs. The inputs provide the numbers to be added, and the outputs will contain the final sum. The ALU contains the circuitry to perform simple arithmetic and logical operations on the inputs

4) Write back: Simply "writes back" the results of the execute step to some form of memory. Very often the results are written to some internal CPU register for quick access by subsequent instructions. In other cases results may be written to slot, but cheaper and larger, main memory. Some types of instructions manipulate the program counter rather than directly produce result data. These are generally called "jumps" and facilitate behaviours like loops, conditional program execution (through the use of a conditional jump), and functions in programs. Many instructions will also change the state of digits in a "flags" register.

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION

The way a CPU represents numbers is a design choice that affects the most basic ways in which the device functions. Some early digital computers used an electrical model of the common decimal (base ten) numeral system to represent numbers internally. A few other computers have used more exotic numeral systems like ternary (base three).

Nearly all modern CPUs represent numbers in binary form; with each digit being represented by some two-valued physical quantity such as a "high" or "low" voltage related to number representation is the size and precision of numbers that a CPU can represent. In the case of a binary CPU, a bit refers to one significant place in the numbers a CPU deals with. The number of bits (or numeral places) a CPU uses to represent numbers is often called "word size", "bit width", "data path width", or "integer precision" when dealing with strictly integer numbers (as opposed to floating point). This number differs beten architectures, and often within different parts of the very same CPU.


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PERFORMANCE OF PROCESSOR

--The performance or speed of a processor depends on e.g. the clock rate and the Instructions per Clock (IPC), which together are the factors for the Instructions Per Second (IPS) that the CPU can perform.

-- Many reported IPS values have represented "peak" execution rates on artificial instruction sequences with few branches, whereas realistic workloads consist of a mix of instructions and applications, some of which take longer to execute than others.

--The performance of the memory hierarchy also greatly affects processor performance, an issue barely considered in MIPS calculations.

--Because of these problems, various standardized tests such as secant have been developed to attempt to measure the real effective performance in commonly used applications.

--Processing performance of computers is increased by using multi-core processors, which essentially is plugging two or more individual processors (called cores in this sense) into one integrated circuit.

-- Ideally, a dual core processor would be nearly twice as porful as a single core processor. In practice, hover, the performance gain is far less, only about fifty percent, due to, e.g. imperfect software algorithms and implementation.

RAM Vs PROCESSOR

�Often, the first thing which comes to our mind when thinking of upgrading our computer are either adding more memory modules (RAM) or going for a faster processor (CPU).

� The main reason is that these two components form the very basic core of a machine, allowing it to store program instructions (gathered from your hard drive) and subsequently access and process these via the CPU.

�When considering an upgrade both components are important. Of course it isn’t always possible to upgrade both RAM and the CPU at the same time, the latter obviously being the most costly.

� Adding more RAM to system doesn’t hurt and, if the system requires, will certainly notice an improvement.


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�It isn’t recommended that upgrade one component if all the rest is terribly outdated compared. Won’t notice any improvements and old technology won’t be able to make use of improved.

Random Access Memory (RAM)

As briefly stated in the previous paragraphs, RAM is the area of your computer which stores information required by your operating system, games, video/audio and other programs. This information typically needs to be accessed quickly and it is possible, thanks to a processing unit (i.e. your CPU or one present on a graphics card for instance), for any of this information to be gathered at any one time: hence the word “Random” in the acronym. RAM is also volatile, which means it will be flushed each time you turn your computer off.

This is where random access differs from serial access, where one needs to search through from the very beginning in order to access the required information. Magnetic tape is an example of serial access.

It is important to point out that RAM cannot process information but can only serve as storage. Upgrading your computer with more or larger storage RAM modules will not add more system resources for processing information or allow you to run more than one processor intensive application (as in the case of hyper-threading or a multi-core CPU).

Central Processing Unit

The CPU is the brain of your machine which gathers information, via the control unit, from your installed memory modules, and processes instructions, via the logic unit, in order to run your programs. The CPU comes with varying clock speeds, which determine the number of instructions executable per second, and many other features which allow for faster and smoother execution. A faster-clock CPU installed in your machine will allow you to perform these calculations and instructions faster, which in practical terms means being able to quickly access programs, read memory and execute the functions within those programs. For example, in a video conversion operation (converting one format to another), the processing times will be much less if you have a dual-core processor installed. When using a program like Photoshop or Paint Shop Pro, the effects you apply to an image use processing pore also.



The new Core i5 processors re released in September 2009. As the name would suggest, these processors do not represent a new architecture but rather a mainstream release of processors based on the NehalemCore i7 line. Of course, the marketing of the new products indicates that they are intended to be seen as less capable products than the existing Core i7

The New Socket and Chipset

One of the most importance differences betsocket, known as LGA1156. This new socket will also be used by some Core i7 products, but current Core i7s use the LGA1366 socket. The new LGA1156 socket is partnered with a new chipset, the P55. As those who follow computing would guess, the P55 is designed as mainstream chipset. This means

Turbo Mode:

- One feature which will be responsible for a major performance difference is the improvements in turbo mode. The original Core i7 processors came with a turbo mode which processor to essentially over

- The Core i7-965, for example, could hit 3.46 GHz when the turbo mode was fully active. Its stock speed is

- Intel has said this will be enhanced with the new Core i5 products as ll as with the new Core i7 860 and 870. The Core i5 750, for example, should be able to accelerate from its stock speed of 2.66Ghz to speeds as high as 3.2Ghz.

- This is a substantial improvement, and it allows new Core i5 properform as ll as current Core i7



i5 PROCESSOR Vs i7 PROCESSOR

The new Core i5 processors re released in September 2009. As the name would suggest, these processors do not represent a new architecture but rather a mainstream release of

Nehalem architecture, which re previously available only as part of the Core i7 line. Of course, the marketing of the new products indicates that they are intended to be seen as less capable products than the existing Core i7 processors.

The New Socket and Chipset:

One of the most importance differences between Core i5 and Core i7 is the , known as LGA1156. This new socket will also be used by some Core i7 products, but

current Core i7s use the LGA1366 socket. The new LGA1156 socket is partnered with a new chipset, the P55. As those who follow computing would guess, the P55 is designed as mainstream chipset. This means fewer features, but lot cost.

One feature which will be responsible for a major performance difference is the improvements in turbo mode. The original Core i7 processors came with a turbo mode which processor to essentially over-clock itself automatically when some cores re not being used.

965, for example, could when the turbo mode was

fully active. Its stock speed is 3.2 GHz.

Intel has said this will be enhanced h the new Core i5 products as ll as

with the new Core i7 860 and 870. The Core i5 750, for example, should be able to accelerate from its stock speed of 2.66Ghz to speeds as high as 3.2Ghz.

This is a substantial improvement, and it allows new Core i5 processors to perform as ll as current Core i7

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The new Core i5 processors re released in September 2009. As the name would suggest, these processors do not represent a new architecture but rather a mainstream release of

architecture, which re previously available only as part of the Core i7 line. Of course, the marketing of the new products indicates that they are intended to be

en Core i5 and Core i7 is the use of a new , known as LGA1156. This new socket will also be used by some Core i7 products, but

current Core i7s use the LGA1366 socket. The new LGA1156 socket is partnered with a new chipset, the P55. As those who follow computing would guess, the P55 is designed as a

One feature which will be responsible for a major performance difference is the improvements in turbo mode. The original Core i7 processors came with a turbo mode which allowed the

clock itself automatically when some cores re not being used.


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processors in applications that only use one or two cores. For more in-depth information, read a full review of the Core i5's performance.

Triple-Channel DD3 and Dual-Channel Memory:

- The original Core i7 products, and their associated X58 chipset, make use of triple-channel DDR3 memory. This meant that it was best to purchase RAM sticks in multiples of three.

- This is a turn off to many users because it makes RAM less flexible and requires more spending upfront. Gamers may enjoy spending the money to see the i7 really perform.

-Core i5, however uses traditional dual-channel memory. This should make RAM less expensive for most users. Some new Core i7s will also support dual-channel memory instead of triple-channel. The performance difference should be insignificant for most users.

Difference in Hyper-Threading:

- Another significant performance difference is how the Core i7 and Core i5 products will be handling hyper-threading. Hyper-threading is a technology used by Intel to simulate more cores than actually exist on the processor.

- While Core i7 products have all been quad-cores, they appear in Windows as having eight cores. This further improves performance when using programs that make good use of multi-threading.

-Some Core i5 products have this feature, but some do not. Currently, the Core i5 750 does not have hyper-threading, but it does have four physical cores. The dual-core Core i5 products, on the other hand, do have hyper-threading.

Multi-graphics:

Another significant change with the Core i7/X58 landscape had to do with graphics cards. Intel's Skull trail platform of last year supported both standards as ll, but the specialized CPUs that made the board worthwhile re prohibitively expensive.

- With the X58 chipset, yes, it comes on an expensive motherboard, but you can purchase a Core i7 chip to go with it for less than $300. The Core 2 Extreme QX9775 Skull trail CPU started at $1,500.



- Gamers who stay current with graphics cards should be especially happy with this flexibility, as changing 3D card vendors will no longer require a wholesale system rebuild.

-- One mechanism Intel uses to make its caches more effective is prefetching, hardware examines memory access patterns and attempts to fill the caches speculatively with data that's likely to be requested soon.

-- Intel claims the Core i7's prefetching algorithm is both more efficient server admin wound up disabling hardware with certain workloads, a measure Intel says should no longer be neededas ll.

--The Core i7 can get to main memory very quickly, too, thanks to its intecontroller, which eliminates the chipan external north bridge.

-- Again, this is a familiar page from AMD's template, but Intel has raised the stakes by incorporating support for three channel

-- Officially, the maximum memory speed supported by the first Core i7 processors is 1066 MHz, which is a little conservative for DDR3, but frequencies of 1333, 1600, and 2000 MHz are possible with the most expensive Core i7, the 965 Ex



Gamers who stay current with graphics cards should be especially happy with this flexibility, as changing 3D card vendors will no longer require a wholesale system rebuild.

One mechanism Intel uses to make its caches more effective is prefetching, hardware examines memory access patterns and attempts to fill the caches speculatively with data that's likely to be requested soon.

Intel claims the Core i7's prefetching algorithm is both more efficient nd up disabling hardware prefect in Xeons because it harmed performance

with certain workloads, a measure Intel says should no longer be needed

The Core i7 can get to main memory very quickly, too, thanks to its intecontroller, which eliminates the chip-to-chip "hop" required when going over a front

Again, this is a familiar page from AMD's template, but Intel has raised the stakes by incorporating support for three channels of DDR3 memory.

Officially, the maximum memory speed supported by the first Core i7 processors is 1066 MHz, which is a little conservative for DDR3, but frequencies of 1333, 1600, and 2000 MHz are possible with the most expensive Core i7, the 965 Extreme Edition.

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Gamers who stay current with graphics cards should be especially happy with this flexibility, as changing 3D card vendors will no longer require a wholesale system rebuild.

One mechanism Intel uses to make its caches more effective is prefetching, in which the hardware examines memory access patterns and attempts to fill the caches speculatively with

Intel claims the Core i7's prefetching algorithm is both more efficient than Penryn's—some in Xeons because it harmed performance

with certain workloads, a measure Intel says should no longer be needed—and more aggressive,

The Core i7 can get to main memory very quickly, too, thanks to its integrated memory chip "hop" required when going over a front-side bus to

Again, this is a familiar page from AMD's template, but Intel has raised the stakes by

Officially, the maximum memory speed supported by the first Core i7 processors is 1066 MHz, which is a little conservative for DDR3, but frequencies of 1333, 1600, and 2000 MHz

treme Edition.


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-- In fact, tested it with 1600 MHz memory, since this is a more likely configuration for a thousand-dollar processor.

-- For a CPU, the bandwidth numbers involved here are considerable. Three channels of memory at 1066 MHz can achieve an aggregate of 25.6 GB/s of bandwidth.

-- At 1333 MHz, you're looking at 32 GB/s. At 1600 MHz, the peak would be 38.4 GB/s, and at 2000 MHz, 48 GB/s.

-- By contrast, the peak effective memory bandwidth on a Core 2 system would be 12.8 GB/s, limited by the throughput of a 1600MHz front-side bus.

--With dual channels of DDR2 memory at 1066MHz, the Phenom's peak would be 17.1 GB/s.

-- The Core i7 is simply in another league. In fact, our Core i7-965 Extreme test rig with 1600MHz memory has the same total bus width (192 bits) and theoretical memory bandwidth as a GeForce 9600 GSO graphics card.



The first is performance, which considers how effective performs in operation against similar dgame performance, it didn't harm frame rate, either.reduces power drain down to only 12W at idle, which is a 'Green' step in the riconserves energy.

Several architectural design and micro architectural functionality enhancements have been added to the Intel Core i7-980X, including six processor cores in the CPU package and increased shared cache memory buffer. Thcodename Gulftown multiprocessor utilizes an integrated memory controller technology and uses up a 130-thermal design power (TDP).

The i7 processor features an Intel QPI point-to-point link capable of up to 6.4 GT/s, 12 MB Level 3 cache, and an integrated tripleCPU cores, which yield four additional processor threads and 2MB L3 Smartnew Gulftown 980X also brings twelve additional Advanced Encryption Standard New Instructions (AES-NI) to the CoreSIMD Extensions 2 (SSE2), Streaming SIMD Extensions 3 (SSE3) and Streaming SIMD Extensions 4 (SSE4). The Intel Core i7Technologies: Intel 64 Technology (IntelVirtualization Technology (Intel

In conclusion, own a slice of the impossitranscoding and compression archiving, and especially encryption, have all seen impressive



CONCLUSION

The first is performance, which considers how effective the Intel Core i7 operation against similar desktop products. While any conspicuous benefits to video

didn't harm frame rate, either.The new 32nm Westmere reduces power drain down to only 12W at idle, which is a 'Green' step in the ri

Several architectural design architectural

functionality enhancements have been added to the Intel

980X, including six processor cores in the CPU package and increased shared cache memory buffer. The codename Gulftown multi-core processor utilizes an integrated memory controller technology

-Watt design power (TDP).

processor features point link

capable of up to 6.4 GT/s, 12 an integrated triple-channel memory controller. Other than two new

CPU cores, which yield four additional processor threads and 2MB L3 Smartnew Gulftown 980X also brings twelve additional Advanced Encryption Standard New

NI) to the Core-i7 family. Gulftown supports all the existing Streaming SIMD Extensions 2 (SSE2), Streaming SIMD Extensions 3 (SSE3) and Streaming SIMD Extensions 4 (SSE4). The Intel Core i7-980X also processor supports several Advanced

l 64 Technology (Intel-64), Enhanced Intel SpeedVirtualization Technology (Intel-VT), Turbo Boost Technology, and

In conclusion, Intel Core i7 processor satisfies that insatiable need for enthusiasts to a slice of the impossible. Tests have shown that computational tasks such as media

transcoding and compression archiving, and especially encryption, have all seen impressive

Seminar Report 2013

Page | 18

the Intel Core i7 processor any conspicuous benefits to video

The new 32nm Westmere micro architecture reduces power drain down to only 12W at idle, which is a 'Green' step in the right direction and

channel memory controller. Other than two new CPU cores, which yield four additional processor threads and 2MB L3 Smart Cache each, the new Gulftown 980X also brings twelve additional Advanced Encryption Standard New

i7 family. Gulftown supports all the existing Streaming SIMD Extensions 2 (SSE2), Streaming SIMD Extensions 3 (SSE3) and Streaming SIMD

980X also processor supports several Advanced 64), Enhanced Intel Speed Step Technology, Intel

processor satisfies that insatiable need for enthusiasts to ests have shown that computational tasks such as media

transcoding and compression archiving, and especially encryption, have all seen impressive


Page | 19


gains. The added processor threads and L3 Smart Cache will certainly help boost performance in Virtual Machine and VM Ware environments, or professional design suites such as Adobe Photoshop and Premiere-Pro, Auto Desk Maya and 3DS-Max, Microsoft Excel and Windows Live Movie Maker, Sony Vegas and Acid, and also Virtual Dub.

Gaming performance is solely dependant on the GPU when it comes to enthusiast hardware, and no amount of processor cores will improve what ATI or NVIDIA have already created in their products.

Overclockers may be sorely disappointed if they expect the 980X to beat the i7-975 to 5 GHz, because the extra cores make this chip a little less nimble when it comes to dancing around boundaries. Ultimately the Intel Core i7 is not meant to be a value-driving SKU, and the PC-hardware elite have always understood this. Much like Lexus automobiles, which are little more than decorated Toyota's, Intel saves the bells and whistles for their exclusive Extreme Edition product line.


Page | 20


References

� www.intel.com � www.answers.com � www.wikipedia.com � Google Search Engine

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