i4bei iipiokkimo &vbek 2e!fle2 - columbia universitydrd28/kowalczyk_davis.pdf(13fl1jo3 iliw...

38
cLq ucjnqu © uoicc io ip omc uo o ccccq o brL bp2 urnA pc driotq ijtporn cxbJ!c!f bUiJT2iOu bLoAqq iirn pjj © TÔQ PA C2113 KO1JCJC uq D0uJq DA! yJJ qJu Lccucq 2pou cclou o tJJOC Oj JJC MOU!! flJILCII O COUOUJC JCLCp juirnnouj jpqc uq ucwJcur VUA obiuiou GXbLC22Gq 91C qoc oj pQ 1JOL2 IJq u01 mq joqq jpocco OL LCCLC WUCC JJJ bbCL bL1 O J#BEK LCLCJI bLouJm u ici bIJIJIb NoI.cu.Jcir )cuu!icL MOLpCL cpiq fOIJSO Jçcø1.qo J1q CJcUO!1Jqccr JJJC 112 filTJOL VJ20 WIJT2 1LJC IIOOICGL OL qcnaou uq ffOCLt H!"JJ pA uuq BOP ici uq opc coupcucc bx.c!bru Vi.Q icj,njjA 44Kiouj!ou o iv 1oqq ECOUOW u j1#ooqocjc AcuJJour OCIOPCL O-J CouJIJu Jy12 bb bLcbcq jOL JJC OU1J BJ1Lfl O ECOIJOUJC JçCLCJJ COULGUCG urni.A c'p'.!q viv oj J020 22Cfl2U2 VIJ1IC I4vnowvr Bfl!EVfl Oh ECOWOYUC IE2EVffCH JOLpU bL 4! DOUJq D'1 CUI2 KOI!CJC EAIDEI4CE FJOYI OVU VJID I4VELV .LVITEE bHV2E-0flJ2: JflEOff) VViD I4BEI IiPiOKKIMO &VbEK 2E!flE2

Upload: others

Post on 05-Aug-2020

1 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: I4BEI IiPiOKKIMO &VbEK 2E!flE2 - Columbia Universitydrd28/Kowalczyk_Davis.pdf(13fl1JO3 iliw 3v611 116 3vxin3)ni 01 f1331w2 23o1d niolol £ ('d3I3th) 11s1 .duh 'dT wod2 o216 36111 Ii

cLq ucjnqu © uoicc io ip omcuo o ccccq o brL bp2 urnA pc driotq ijtporn cxbJ!c!f bUiJT2iOu bLoAqq iirn pjj© TÔQ PA C2113 KO1JCJC uq D0uJq DA! yJJ qJuLccucq 2pou cclou o

tJJOC Oj JJC MOU!! flJILCII O COUOUJC JCLCpjuirnnouj jpqc uq ucwJcur VUA obiuiou GXbLC22Gq 91C qoc oj pQ 1JOL2 IJq u01mq joqq jpocco OL LCCLC WUCC JJJ bbCL bL1 O J#BEKLCLCJI bLouJm uici bIJIJIb NoI.cu.Jcir )cuu!icL MOLpCL cpiq fOIJSO Jçcø1.qo J1qCJcUO!1Jqccr JJJC 112 filTJOL VJ20 WIJT2 1LJC IIOOICGL OL qcnaou uq ffOCLt H!"JJpA uuq BOP ici uq opc coupcucc bx.c!bru Vi.Q icj,njjA44Kiouj!ou o iv 1oqq ECOUOW u j1#ooqocjc AcuJJour OCIOPCL O-J CouJIJuJy12 bb bLcbcq jOL JJC OU1J BJ1Lfl O ECOIJOUJC JçCLCJJ COULGUCG

urni.Ac'p'.!q viv oj

J020 22Cfl2U2 VIJ1ICI4vnowvr Bfl!EVfl Oh ECOWOYUC IE2EVffCH

JOLpU bL 4!

DOUJq D'1CUI2 KOI!CJC

EAIDEI4CE FJOYI OVU VJID I4VELV.LVI�TEE bHV2E-0flJ2: JflEOff) VViD

I4BEI IiPiOKKIMO &VbEK 2E!flE2

Page 2: I4BEI IiPiOKKIMO &VbEK 2E!flE2 - Columbia Universitydrd28/Kowalczyk_Davis.pdf(13fl1JO3 iliw 3v611 116 3vxin3)ni 01 f1331w2 23o1d niolol £ ('d3I3th) 11s1 .duh 'dT wod2 o216 36111 Ii

It iqa'l nbhoW $l3flM ÔQQI viaumt

cI1A YSIOEEHT :2TUO-a2AHq FII5IAT ATIAM UT4A TFAO MO$R 3DMUIVH

TDATHA

sifT .inrnia i1iin5I311q baa Itia1fflum lii iuo-aadq IIhai 13bino iqaq idT

aw ii iarii baa iJn niiix lo nibnid 13V0 13w liiamhq thnuoi TTAE) hs iarli than iqaq

3mr1 iadi aIIFiai thoo b5nJi3aIunarn ni noi33ub1 'bnuo$L b3nn){ V-ôQI ifi luau ion

IR3JIqrn3 niizix .ain3m1a TTAO lo haq 3vinaidu a JmE33d noiioub31 Tthai lo 2dicq

abohq noI vi,zi oi bbni 1Ihai lailini did diiw hiubni 2.U larli biai1nomb ac1 ktow

baa 'bnn){ rft thod ni noL3ub51 b3ia molt b iqmx d oi b3bni io inrni2u1ba Ilhai io

ia ban siiwbni-aini lflil baa 11hzi 2.U rIgid lath ia,inornb iqaq 2idT .2bnuo5l osloT

-ar1q o3ixM .o3ix3M molt noqmi ..U iol thoh3q luo-3ar1q ATIAM no1 rhliw bisizoa

rhliw lthin ion lud lai biinU 3r11 lo oth riiiw ,bnarl l3dio 3rhi no ,bial5r1o3 ia aiuo

.11hai 'o3ixM

aivsU blanoU Aolawo)I niaia a3imono3H lo intnnsqU 3amolqiU baa waJ lo lood3 1d3iR

ii13vinU biasnaH iivinU afiuT 8lO AM ,bhdmaD lO AM ,&IoIb3M

$l3fffrI baa

Page 3: I4BEI IiPiOKKIMO &VbEK 2E!flE2 - Columbia Universitydrd28/Kowalczyk_Davis.pdf(13fl1JO3 iliw 3v611 116 3vxin3)ni 01 f1331w2 23o1d niolol £ ('d3I3th) 11s1 .duh 'dT wod2 o216 36111 Ii

I

noibuboiiøl .1

1iu1 ii lo no ni noiisiniO biT blioW Ii i&Ii boiqbiw o won i noiiiithnoi5I

QQI iiunT. I no b2iIdio w OTW fi ndw" 113111 mi13b n noii1I3 1i ni ibuia

cdli oi nib1o33A '".TTAD ol bi1iion inomi no iI if ol airiEq iw idmcn ii 111$ 'Iin QO! 3111 1o biiiIi i IomIE rliiw in&1 ni b33q qu bI3iq aRfi oiq ir11 bui 3E

hs1D .OQI ni b&liion n33d nivEr1 QI bnB 8QI rIwi3d TTAD oi irfgnoid inorn331g13

1131 3d ol biolls ionn 'r1i 11ir1w moil no 3d ol noiisithnoigoi b oiq 3111 3vi3313q noiiBn

.iuo

Jnsrioqfni ni i ion io 31d131i3b i "noiii1snoii" lo oiq dJ 1th3rfw lo noiiup 3rIT

113i1n313131q i rrnq m3i2 nib131J bhow 3cli rloirlw ni rrnob 3111 idi11w i noi1up b3113131 A .no 1mIu3irI13q i II .3d bluow inmgnn b 3q'1 rhiriw elOri Ii bru3 J13ii13n3d i 3flf3T113

'1no 1311o iorii z)Jrnono33 moll i1ui i&li iqq 1n331q 3111 lo ziqoi 3(11 i ir1i bri13 ,gnii313ini

lo anoiii33iIiion 111$ Io 1n3313q OQ iuods rhiriw l3bnu noiiibno3 3111 VIXX 3I3itIA iol noqqu2 b3xirn

.TTAD 01 b3in3a1q nd 3V'J3ff 1n3m3O113 n313151q

no iiub 3JBnicniI3 i&Ii 3b1311 oi1 briE rioinu 2mo1w3 31di2irnbs emb VIXX 31itTA

Jon" 5113 isHi iiub duI3-ElJxo 31q olni 1uq briE 13n11Eq 3111 nwi3d "3b13fl riJ 11i 11thJn13ithJ"

anoi1ibno rii lo i1JE1 3rlT EjJub IjJjnj 3d1 (113111 "3vii3flJ5l siom 10 1311g111 [...] 31011w rfi no

mo-il 3b13-1I lo arrrii -13333d nib13-iix3 lo ocpuq 3(11 lob nurrrio1 mo-il du13 nuJn3voiq 113 arniE

b3v13331 air1 i&1i msxio i ,al3dm3m du13 d a11iii IrrI3Jx3 13r1if1 lo au rfi duoir1i ai,biaiuo

.srs nibBh1 IsiJn3-t131q b noinqx io noi113 3d1 cicn w 'noi3si1noii '€I .V .q ,(Q1) OTW

bru rIo13br1A nibu13rii ,2ibu3 th13v lo 331du2 ifi nd &I b3sifnoi1 3mod arf 3biJ bliow l3fIJ3ffW

.(Q1) 11risiI bns ,(EQQI) mi3rhoM

3r13 aoi 3bEll 1Ei1n-t3h1q nirkiIdsi bmwol A1a 1n3nu b[uod ,bui O1'W 3d1 lii iuo b3iciioq bn ,bbnI 3no i1 i ni 3qiii-isq bluow i3dm3m O1'W irI3nu3 i3V3 n3d3 ,3n3m1 01 b1 (iin1iA 3th briE) flio1 3113 i11i iuo b3irIioq 3d b1uorI ii 3-iu1iq 3113 9331qmo3 oT .3110 321131 111 ol 3viisbi i3bialuo 3(13 3d briE 3o1d gnibEIJ

£ 311113 gni 3u2 3mil lo boii3q rb ivo '1111i1nB3adu2 b3ai313rIi fr1 23irlBq nuiijno YFAD bo i3dmun

.nib!o1nu 2i 'rioji&t1do1" lo oiq 2uo3rrniIumi2

.1x31 11th 3113 iol (Q1) .it ,a3A'2 briE ,3vEU ,noabBt 3lqmEx3 ioI E

Page 4: I4BEI IiPiOKKIMO &VbEK 2E!flE2 - Columbia Universitydrd28/Kowalczyk_Davis.pdf(13fl1JO3 iliw 3v611 116 3vxin3)ni 01 f1331w2 23o1d niolol £ ('d3I3th) 11s1 .duh 'dT wod2 o216 36111 Ii

VIXX oI3illA III 2noilibno3 ow 3di lo iocmoI 311T .2iisrrn zimonooe ni hoqqu2

noilqm3xo rIJ iol 1n3m3nsns lBiin5I3I3lq B ml inBqi3it1Bq 3th cI bthq 3d 01 3Dilq i a b3bn3ini

mon 3vn3b rl3irlw mob2iw b3vi3331 13v3woH .3Iqi3ni1 noiiEi4-bo1ov&T-ioM 3H1 mm?

lo 1iIimiiqo iit anoqqu2 bno33 orli no Aiow (ôQI) in&J nivl3)I brIB 3qiJ blBd3i$1

.noi1qmuJ3 3vi131i31 1iup 13b11u 1no 3bBU i1 dub-Blink

no nOi13fl13l 311T .1iugidmB 21111 ifl3l 2ln3mnB1ii 3bini 1BuI3B i&1i b3u1B 3d bluoD II

ni 2B313ni iom on 2noq3l TTAO 3V1133113 '13vilB13l n33d 3vBrL 01 ob 2311ub duI3-E11x3

lo noiiBln3m3lqmi 3rIT 13*iRm bliow ml si Ithlnlsl2drJ2 lo 2du13 iol nv allilBi duI3-n33w13d

.3vi133113 31 1133(1 2sr1 3bBll du13-lini Ith '1thilns12du2 no b31&IimiI3 3d 21Iii1 isril noilibno3 3(11

3lorlqool 31dsi2 cr11 ol 3ub lisq ni ogsuns1 3(11 lo 223fl3UBv ln3l3rlni 3f11 01 3ub risq ni i thfT

iol '(IE22333fl lr13ffl331B fflrI3lni 'ns" 15111 231512 (13111w VIXX 3I3irIA lo (D) r1qsisisq d bio11o

3111 iol 31ub31132 bns nslq s 3buI3ni Ilsrk [13315 3b511 3311 s o noimu 21no12U3 B 10 noi1rrno1 3111

bn 2noinu 2molu3 no 2ln3mo5IgA ".omi1 lo (1ln31 31d13no21331 s riirlliw ...

rbu lo noilsrniol

3vsfI 2noil3ub3l uli-1131 brul 21ol332 lnBlloqmi iuo 1131 113110 3v5r1 TTAC) ol b31n3231q 2133•IB 3b511 3511

.33sq 1311J2i31 £ 113 1133(1 23rm13mo2

n33d '1hsmiiq s11 2lB 3b511 i1 bn13 2noinu 2ffIO121J3 no *10W 1133115103111 1n33351

25 noilEsiIsl3diI dub-slink 3111 113)1131 asd bns jIoil33lolq dub-l3lni no 133113 li3fll riliw b3m33no3

21111 bB312nI .31)1311 3311 Ism3lnt lo 3110 rlliw noilBIJii2 IBilini 3111 1Jn3up311 i2om nFmqmo3 n3vig

l1iBm thnl3lni 3111 lo noii3lqmo3 3111 131113 n3vd .mloI3l dub-Blink 113 AooI 132013 B 23)1131 iqsq

213 lnsl-ioqmi 2r11sm31 31122i 3(11 ATIAVI lo 3B22E 3111 bns jioinU ns3qoluJ 3(11 lo noi2nsqx3

12sI 3111 1o rIoilslg3lni 3111 nibu1oni noi1silog3n 10 noilSl3bi2no3 l3bnu 3113 2nb1sfl3bnu iosm

.3oId nibsii 3iIi3Bq-flsiaA ns lo noilsrrriol 3111 bns noinU nB3qoluH 3(11 olrii 2110111311 nJ33qoluJ

3 won gni223112 d mailsdolg iol rrnol3l dub-slink lo 233fI3U32fIO3 3111 01 2lfllOq fI3V3 OTW 31ff

.2bf1uo51 oAoT briE b3nn3)I ,nollia 3111 b33ubni 2nin3q33b io noinsqx

wohv lo o iiub niqmub-iin lo u bE1ni 213 ck>1J2 arniol ido Asi n noiiioiq bas5IDni iuo 10

231U2S viiniJrrnup

.Q .q (I) In 1 flO2)bE1

.qq RI) OTW

Page 5: I4BEI IiPiOKKIMO &VbEK 2E!flE2 - Columbia Universitydrd28/Kowalczyk_Davis.pdf(13fl1JO3 iliw 3v611 116 3vxin3)ni 01 f1331w2 23o1d niolol £ ('d3I3th) 11s1 .duh 'dT wod2 o216 36111 Ii

bni i1ioor1i i mot1 rUod tuo-aEciq 11iii Iii1r131iq briE lEdoig uib iqsq iiiT

nB3ix3M bru .2.U boiE rfi 10 2i1EfIE fIB niq l3qEq 3dJ js1rJ3ii1Bq nI .3vii33q13q 1I$3fliqm3

nini1Ed lo 3vi33q13q r1i rnoil b3niElqx3 3d irfim 'rfi won uth bins Juo-&Iq ATIAM

.in3mno1ivn3 bins iuaiq 3iimob 1n3ii1ib oi nibnoqi in3mm3vo ow nwi3d

no at1ut no iaEnIqm3 ns1u3iJ-u$q niliw 31utinii1 IE3ii3lo3fli 3nh 'fl3nd W3iV5I noii33

lo ix3ino3 3(11 ni nliod 1uo-snfq lo noiuib Is3i1oiid its 1niq E noii .5uill3w bliow

iIuat 23XflEf1ifflLJ noi1c .VIXX 31311-IA ol 133q1 rUiw bits thnuoi noi1th1on 3b51i 1sdo1

-snfq nsDix3M bnis .2.U 13bino3 noii2 .2noiloubsi lIiisi no 31u1513fl1 Is3rIiqm3 3n11 molt

.athul3no3 rioi12 .ATIAM ni atno

IIdtri9iiJ 11t9io9IIT 9d1 1o w9iv9$I A .S

as rfu atn3mgnsTis 1511n313131q nibubnii 3i1oq 3b511 lo miolsi no A tow 1s3iJ31onfT

niqqsh3vo amiimo owt otni b31s1sq 3d 'ffu1arj n53 ssis 3bsfl si1 bns noiriu ffIO12tJ3

nhJsi13vni l3nllonIs bnis rrrio1si nIou2 molt 33II3U3IIO3 olsII3w rfi grIi1obino3 no :2311J1E131if

noi-i1i13 mo 3irnIixsm ot 3vhi noi1sn Isubivibni n3nlw wmo iliw sndiliup3 11013111303 nIDn'fw

Isnojisri i&fi b3muaas asnl how irf3 lo 1i1o[sm 3ulT .3mo3ni Isnoilsn 'fthuu noii3nu1

Isnoiin xirnixsrn ol 21 3vii33ldo 2'in3mn13vo thns isnIl bins 2I3Asm noi2i33b 3113 5113 atn3mrn3vo

.3m03n'

.2noilsn 115 22f33fl3 isrfi 2rmo131 Iliist iol b3112i1ds323 n33d 3vsn1 2311J231 1E13n3 w&J

ouaisT 'd oiflnuo3 3sIffi nsnf I iom ol b3xi1s13n3 iIis1 (QI) )I3nsV VO12o1E1 'd *tow 'hsJ 3111 ol 33131 llrisi 123n11nf riJ lo noil3ub3-I s iif1i 3Isll2nom3b (QVQ1) smirf2u1uT inf2slsT bins slisH

3113 bris OI3 -to 3vin2oq 13ff 113 515 23x131 3b1311 Isilini n3flw 515113W 1sdo1 232151 13v31 123f1in1 ix3n

its tsrfi o2113 worf2 (.313 .qo) smirkuA&1 bns sflsH VzI3tho us 03 33LJ1132du2 3311 £ i boos 11iisi-iiin1

23lsfl2nom3b (Q8QI) x31swo)I .mooni 1sdo1 232151 2IlilsJ us lo noil3ubsi 3isnoirIoqolq-iup3

asni noii3ub3l olsi 3lsnoirloqolq-iup3 ins 113113 2lIilsi ol rioitibbs ni 231b12du2 3bsll 0113 51311111 isc11

oj1q Ii1n3ioq orf.t i1qqE znori bn Jdisl 31E 213knff11 fflO3flI 1,snoiirnini ir1i 3U?E 3wIB1iiI 2idT

.ioi&ibni i1Iw bliow Ji a

Page 6: I4BEI IiPiOKKIMO &VbEK 2E!flE2 - Columbia Universitydrd28/Kowalczyk_Davis.pdf(13fl1JO3 iliw 3v611 116 3vxin3)ni 01 f1331w2 23o1d niolol £ ('d3I3th) 11s1 .duh 'dT wod2 o216 36111 Ii

miX oobrnsT4 bni Brnirkwi&T 3Iirfw iow ti th nrfw 5ml1w bliow no i11 wouidrrrs

8.3li3q 1si Ii 1ix3 iiugidmE d3u on i&Ii work (Q8QI)

gnibii no 5Iu1ii3iiI f 1 oi I13iib b1 1lhEi 3mflx-non lo noii3ub5l vi11 no *ioW

(ôQ1) bnEV j21) iO .A 2 bn (QI) bM mB't d iihs no niwBiU .adub

bliow no io11 uougidmi air1 mi1x ion i rkirlw 11iisi 1ni £ lo noii3ubi rIi i&!i work

i iuiiirio rrno1i oili li briE 2irInsq n3w1d i noiiEibino3 iobnu IIhsi rIi II .3fno3ni

£ lErli noiiioqoiq iihi (OQ1) a'iniV do3ET. fliIqmx i1ui 2ith noiinhnuI 5Iqmo3

.oiii1Iw bhow iwo! ol Isiinioq rfi a&1 noinu amoiu3

widmm 3oId nwicJ bsii i! '1IBmiiqo-du2 ol biI m DoId nibE1i i&Li 3mr1i rfT

isrfi noiJsflnomb (EIQQI) n.smrnX 1uE ni iqq-i woI1-bini lo noii33iib-51 01 ub rhiw bhow £ uk 1eix oLd irfs Iiiriu oi1Iw bhow iwo1 'Em airImlELn 3oId 3iiimm'

risavinui .VI .T Aiow aith no 1nmrnoo £ nI .noiiqmuano3 ni 'iiisv iol a3n115Iq nofla

in3m1Bfn 3oId mail sini io ai3b m 3161Iw bliow 51r1w 3IqrnJ3x liE aiBin (EQQ I)

brIE 1hobiU nEJA .ia ini11ib lo aoId lo fbi oqmo ninEr13 lo 'ii1idiaaoq 3111 01 3ub

iorhsi irIsvbE 3viiEl.Bqmo3 01 3ub 21 3bBli 11 IEITI ugu rriv b31s13i £ rik (Q1) nii tl3do$I

bhow b3133qx3 aisi m ao1d ci113mm'a 33 lo 1n3m3Is1n3 nffi aiioiisv iol 3iasi n&1i

ii 31B11w iwo1 n fli1E3 i3dgir1 3113 gni3ub3l Juli wod (QQ1) i1EnEq bn s3qoJ iinuo 11im £ ioi 8

.brioqmi 316 thoo sib3nr131nI

3bino) (Q1) nii .(OQQI) nEmsi$i briE n6nn)I ni b31Ens i noiismiol o1d no i1nuo lo iTl 3rfT

.I3bom nnmui)I 3113 Iii e3oId )n33mms d brrno1 o1d i&fi bni ii1io f13 diiw 3b611 no T1hE3 3viiidiriolq i o1d 3fith 3mu m33 briE ThobiU 01

ion 2Thm3 du13--nx3 11 i&rb wofk (QQ1) nEm3vEH .a3old io 2noi3LnidIno briE 213dm3m lo 2niwE1b mobnEl

.3nu 31611w bhow b3qErk-U nEmu1A 1fi13n 0216 l3bom rn33 briE 1hobiU n3rb 3vilidifIolq 311 01 b3muas

£ rii2 1dE12nu 3d m a'nEm8ul){ 3AiI muildiliup3 3oId 3h13mm £ i&1i i23u2 (QQ1) 2o1uoqo1' bns bnoH

3b611 3old-l3ini Ii 36111 o216 wod2 'dT .duh 11s1 ('d3I3th) £ niolol 23o1d f1331w2 01 3vxin3)ni 116 3v611 iliw (13fl1JO3

o1 bni Iliw 2IlilEi 1Emix3 r1aM 3viJ6-x3qoo-non n3111 3b611 3oId-BlJni 03 b31Eqmo lnErloqrninu '1vi31i mo33d

Jon ai Ii i&1i 2iE1J2nomb (Q1) nBmu1A 13v3woH .b3161n3 is 23o1d 3h13mm' a h ol bn3l 37i113w briE j1E1

lo noilEDoIIE-2im 3113 i ii -jr116-i ;l3qEq ifl 2i11 ni 2i1ui 3th viib 36111 fIiiEi dlJb-613x3 lEmuiqo Iii 3263D11! 3113

.aoId ois 2boog

Page 7: I4BEI IiPiOKKIMO &VbEK 2E!flE2 - Columbia Universitydrd28/Kowalczyk_Davis.pdf(13fl1JO3 iliw 3v611 116 3vxin3)ni 01 f1331w2 23o1d niolol £ ('d3I3th) 11s1 .duh 'dT wod2 o216 36111 Ii

'm bbom i1iiv irI olni io3 r1oqnB1i niuboini ti1i bni1 (QQ1 d1QQI) rizmin){

nowid 3o1d i nrfi "3o1d IE1uifn" lo noii&rnol irti bn nibni1 vi1on Ithiini id iV31 b{nsiT i1t& .311Iw thdo1 oisi oi bn Iliw floq2nEll wol i bifl nio isrIi n1nuo3

nwd io3 i1oq2nn lo noilsqmo3 tsrli 1E1nornb (Q I) iW ni1-n&1 bnI3 nii oiom 3o1d rfu iiir1w lo inm fun iol bbn i i1inuo3 ofd-non bnE idrnm oId

Iliw &oId 1B1u1n i&li 1di2oq i ii nfli wo! I3viJs!1 311$ 13flB! 3113 11 .ion o gnivoiqmi 3113113w

El .3ls113w bhow l3woL

2'VIXX 3I3irlA lo iti3qo1q iiIsmiiqo 3r13 no 113m3e31 b3nuq2 of d if 13niV

3xmixEm 3b13Ii thmolrii i1 i&fi um (QQI) qmo)I irnuM .ln3m3liup3l 3bB11-11 duIz-BlifIi

313th ii 313113 worf (VQ1) iskiM ir12ET bni$ Jsmiiqo i 11rmi 1i$rrIix3 li3di Ii 5u113w idm3m

-shill 3vinoq £ iiupi noi1sirnixsm 51&113w bhow n3113 3bsTt noinu-sflx3 no 11hisi 3viiioq 5113

n3v bni nsIIiMDM nil o1 noinu 11sm s lo 1siD3q 3c13 ioI M.bhow boo-owi s cu 11hi noinu

I3dm3m dub nwid b3bshl boo 3111 ii Ismiiqo i noiiEnurnil3 IlilI3i 313113 wor1 (1 8Q 1) ncisDzM

bns qm3)I bnjs (VI) smsdO rnirlili3iM 1.13drn3m-non 31111111w b3bsl:t orli moil o1ds1J$q 5113

..i '11hsi 1sfrIix3 gnuisn3qrno3" all nifl noiriu moiw3 s isril 3ish1nom3b (ÔVQJ) nsW vjn3H

1.51J3113w bliow iB1 bi11sriu i3dm3rn-non 1131w 3b511 vs1 isrli lIhsi lsfn3ix3 3111

iom al a-113r1 i isrli um i3W bos ni3J 11nsi1 .Isluisn-l3qiJa" as 3oIdIo qi ioii1 3d3 aI3dsI (QQl) lAnsif

.wot 13viizI3i ai aiao3 noqansn 1sin3niino-I3ini lo 33sm13a3 b r13151q -iirh :'1smons ls3i31oiii s nsrii

rioqansil us iol i&li boil 'rfT .ihisi duI3-snni lsia Ismiiqo di iiaiv3i oats (l) i3W bns fli33 I3)!ns11

(4QQ1) nii .3b511 acihsv lo bhow s cii nox1Joiq du13-slJni 3viiiaoq a5Iiup1 1s1I3w bliow Ismixsm a3ao3

.rmol ns aDold iii3fnm'(as 3lodw bliow s iol ai1uai islimia aJnaiq ns3 a3old iiJ3mmas irfw bhow s iol aJiua3l izlimia ln3aiq (Ql) nii bris (QQI) i3W bits ni33 ,13)1fIsI M

.I3bom nsrrrtri)I 3rli cii aiao noqansii us iol isThw bliow aimixsm TIimj dub-sijni viiiaoq s isili bnfl bns nriol

113r13 ii !no ai3dm3m noinu lo -I5l13w 3vi33311o3 rli aosimixsm 3bsi3 lsniini il isdi auxs (Ql) qm3)1 l .lsrnuiqo ai TIiisi Isfrl3Jx3

-non rijiw 3b5iJ i3woI ion ob isth a3otd Ifs mb 03 b3aiv3i 3d VIXX 3kirlA isth aaoqoiq (El) nsffiMM

H .fsaoqoiq B dua iftiw b3iBx3oaas aii1uillib moa 23aauaib (f) i31aa3oi .1diaaimbs-TTAD as aidmm isdi iiup3i bns b3in3ho-a3Iui nsdi ii1isi -allua3l m3ia2 nibsii ISnoiiBnl3ini rii 3)S bluow ii isffi aia3ggua

auonsv moul woIl bsui no ai&uI bi3oqxo oifi gnuismiia3 uol o1oborIi3m s no sus 03 1ds 31w 2ioisi3o3n

.a!saoqouq

Page 8: I4BEI IiPiOKKIMO &VbEK 2E!flE2 - Columbia Universitydrd28/Kowalczyk_Davis.pdf(13fl1JO3 iliw 3v611 116 3vxin3)ni 01 f1331w2 23o1d niolol £ ('d3I3th) 11s1 .duh 'dT wod2 o216 36111 Ii

3viinini 'noiin Isubivibni f1 ibino ion ob 'I!13n *iow thu noi1q3x3 w31 riliW

bni nnn3)I nr1oI .IEiin31131q 10 lidoI i ii l3th3clw irno1i boqoiq 3ff I rh 3iEqi3rrthq 01

nrI31 b3voiqmi gr1b13 noinu mo1w bus 3h1nuo3 gis1 isffi worf (OQQI) nsms.i5I bnom's5I

s lsrIi uis (OQQ 1) 1's31swo)I .3b511 35ñ 1sc1o1 oi 35Is 01 au15I 'sm 11hsi r1uoiri1 3bsfl lo

3311 3lqiilum 10 qicfI3dm3m lo noilqo 3111 sr1 rI3idw '11nuo3 11sm s iol bi off rh53 i1ui is1imi

3or11 moil o 1um 1n3msq3bi wocl worf2 (QI) möiiö smoT bns 3lswo){ .sis 3b1i

'insqi3irIsq 11 3lsnimul3 oi fl!5 01 311111 rIliw or1i 01 110i1513q003 moil rh1S 01 ci 3Uffl rliiw

.o1d nibsi1 lo 13c1m3m s o onols 1s noi1sn 13111311w ln3m33lgs Isdoig ol nox1331do

bus migs griibsil 1s11n313151q iol 31IJ1 1n3T1u3 1o irnin'b 3111 13b!2fI03 )11OW 3IfliJ

sm 3b511 i1 s lo 13c1m3m iBrf1 wor1 (4QQ1) nothisrbi$I ninsM .515113w Isdolg no izzqmi 113111

iol rioqqu2 .unvi llhsl iol rloiiiI3qmoz) 01 3tJb oi 01 riwob This1 Isffl3iX3 lX3ffl 313qm03 \Em

I13wgsH 31)I d b3ilqmi ai 31th113131q 5111 noiriu 2mo1IJ3 lsrIi w3iv 1ISfIOiJnOVflO3 bn 31ioqqo 3111

01 bn3l 111w 5315 3bsfl 3311 lsrfl 23is11nom3b fbicfw Aiow (dQ1 sQI) 'igisi ti3do5l bris

311 1 3v511 rioinu mo12fJ3 31111W osdq noilthlog3n bns-31q gunub 2Ililsi d1113-noowi3d 325313fl1

muiidiliup3 nirx-gnol iol noiJs3i1qmi sd thiriw Aiow 'nothmcf3i51 01 'isi1noD .133113 31i0qq0

11u1 nd 3vsrI du13 33(10 11i1s1 dulo-mnlx3 lsrli 'rzoqo1q IM33q 3ff 1 sff l3bom 113111 11hs1

V1J3y3f 1siiirii 113111 ol mui3l b31n3m31qmi

Iliw w A .oqo1qs '(13v i rrnol3l IIhsi lsfrI3lni lo 23irnsn\b 3111 rio 2u3o1 ir1T

ni b3bn3ix3 n33d n311o sr1 13v31 Isnoig3l bus Isdolg rllod Is rIoi1s111s13di1 3b611 15u135 1rior12

od 111w 23nI2ubni rI3irfw r1Isq 311111 3a3111 23nicrn3i3b lsffw wonl oi sAil bluow 3W .3rnil

3111 315 33r1T 81.r11sq r11 lo 33fl3LJ3tI03 315113W r1 1 bns 1biqs1 31 io SlOffi b3i1s13diJ

ifj lo l3bnism3l 3111 iii b3u32ib noi123up

noiiudiiiib 3111 i&11E ns nibiJ ki3n313131q rfiIdEj bnfi oqoiq 03 '<ii!id 3113 i&Ii bni1 (QQ1) £m3buJ

i niniE1d n3dw ln3mI 1do1 i iii moni 1o

briE nEcn2o1E) .m3ldoiq 3113 lo imlin',b 3th i nb1oo1 lo nsiioqrrii r1i b32a31i sr1 (EQ1) iiiwsdH 81

ioI 3d m noiJqm3x3 ri3v3 io In3miuLbE 1Iiisi lo 233B1 3n313Thb nri&ulo ir13 iu2 (E1) nEmqI3H

IEiJn3l&131q lo I3born mono33-IE3i1iloq E iniq o1E (Q1) vJ bn i1 E iol tioqqu 1i3i1oq gninis

.ain3m3uIrinB 8n1b1i

Page 9: I4BEI IiPiOKKIMO &VbEK 2E!flE2 - Columbia Universitydrd28/Kowalczyk_Davis.pdf(13fl1JO3 iliw 3v611 116 3vxin3)ni 01 f1331w2 23o1d niolol £ ('d3I3th) 11s1 .duh 'dT wod2 o216 36111 Ii

V

nibwjT bhoW 9th lij mihubwiD .F

nEth 1fiJ31 21o' iovo n3qqId bLuod noi3ub31 lIhBi bo1B iirf I noilon 3dT

.Iflffl51E VIXX 3I3iflA iii bru IIui noiIiiion IdoI irii iii rilod i IauoIiqiaiq

3r11 lo noi iIon 3th ff1 niiio rn 1i 3v13r1 iuo-r1q bnE bB1I thi I3131q Iirfw 13vowoH

1E1iBLii1Iim ni 1uo-&1q thiiwo1 3oii3Blq brIE 3i1oq TTA{) noiJJ3singO biiT IEnoi1Jrri1nI

bnuoi 1EdoI :atuo-&fq IEiin 13hiq biwo1 oi1i moil 'IiniT1ib bqoIvb v&! inm5IE Icio v&f bohoq 1uo-J$r1q lo rIin1 th brIE riorirnonrfq 1r13351 \1viiE1I r 3Th 1rJo-oadq

1o VIXX 3I3irIA Iiniiio th ni b3buI3ni oiw 1uo-sr1q iEI1no3 ru ;noiithisv bIimiL nwor1

.Ivo11no3 iol ows nd briE 1Ji bhv vEr1 bonq liwi bni TTAD

th is!uiimq iii boqoiq bnB 211i11 woI iol bu1E biinU rli ioiuo rIJ IA

ii nJ 13 bn x35u1 i -irli gnibul3ni -- inmIiiJ -ioi13nirni1ib lo srno1 1113 o noi)Enirnul3

r1i noqu5Idw rii13ihfl 'd boqqo w irfT .

n13131q ThT IEnqrnI fli133 Io 3uo-Br1q

briu aw VIXX 3biiIA nr1w bnE ruoiriu mou iov1 01 noi1ioq ai boiliborn 1iI biiriU

QI2133113 b1311 311 noiiEi1on

noii3ub1-11nB1 vi1nEidu lo lin1 3r11 bolinU di 'd IqmiJs idi ruiwo11oT

2In3m35u13 TTAi) ir1is5I .bnuo5l 'b3nn3)I r11 111cm nth s1Ii3i1qx bolEla Ion w boFiq

.1nm3I13 lIE 1o ningia t1I13q grIiJ3J$nn03 13 noqu 'L31Eib3mmi Iom1E io1 3AJI 01 bbn31

'3nnA rIi ;i' ruiwo11o1 r11 1oTh olni Jruw ijth bnuo5f £vnD V4Q1 rf1 moil T1iii1 biA bnuo5i EupoT rI1 ;O1 li-iqA is1 d no1 olni iin bluow 1Q1 cii bI1qmo3 M1uoi bruuo$I

bruuo5l nolliG bilE ;RQI lo bn rii d s1q iii Juq od bluow OQI ni ol b1E aTtns1

0ôQ1 1u1 d b1nm1qmi iow 1Q1 d bI13i1oon ruoiJ3ubo1

ivo 1113(11 13d1131 isi nu1ix3 lo ruibnid ivo 1iom 313w bnuoi noiIEiion '1io orfT

grIiJEi1o3n 01 b1irk w3o1 3rLI bnuo5l 'b3rInoA VQ1-ôQ1 orli riliW 1noi13ub3-I o113 Isub13

IV .q ,(QQI) xoIiW

.(QI) TTAO bn ;(RQI) TTAO ;(QQ1) TT'AO ;O .q (OQQI) buH O

.ulh 2icii 03 3n3biv3 iniq (V8QI) mJoH bnE igniL

Page 10: I4BEI IiPiOKKIMO &VbEK 2E!flE2 - Columbia Universitydrd28/Kowalczyk_Davis.pdf(13fl1JO3 iliw 3v611 116 3vxin3)ni 01 f1331w2 23o1d niolol £ ('d3I3th) 11s1 .duh 'dT wod2 o216 36111 Ii

9Ofl 3 uq 3 bGLcGut uq LGqncfJou p? bu o pont bciccui (bb cuq Qj)

ciwc pcw o pc porn j bctccui ou m!1i LCf1Cr1OU2 p) tpc nuircq nJq ipc EnLobu uiou o

yjj (j) OCL qicniou o pc tøu couccaiou oj ipc flLclrwA onuq (bb 8-J) 2cpor1 (Jf)1MI4 (j b :f5g•jiupiu (jg b

QVLL(JX).

(mxoY bb Io-5oo

OVLL(TQ

10 pc pon 3 bLcuicjou (jgy b Lcbou cp JucJrrqiu cxccb1rou2 Lp cc1!Ac ALC tU4j Lcqrlcpou }2 pcu wwtcq

JIJfCLJUJ LGCWCUI2 ( dnoicq rn pc UJfLOfTCPOU fO fp1 bbcL) corijq p --

iciioucj iOL rcj o qicthiu iiubpq pA yuicjc XXIA iricuc ou niqiq otUCACL 2fIC bLcriwb1iou OL iuJbJduJcIufJoIJ oj ccrow nu!ou nq LGC 1LfC b'4 o

jjpijc cijA jop Lonuq imbjcwcuicq Lc2r1J1Tu LGqncioL1 LGJTTACJA LbrqJA GLG i

rnou bLobo1 o, ipi Act25

At bcuoq ii brii oLHIq pA Lor1b oi qcAcJobJu Conu1LiC ojoMiu u ctpci EnLobcu

Lcqr1cfTou njjA "rp ijic Gdrl9J 1JIJ1ffJJ L1C Lcqncnou PC!UU!U OIJ IJFffJLA j jpc u'-ErnIJA fC J-Jf UIIIA jorrnq jcq 40 IJ LCCUJU1 fo TmbJcwcul wo ujj.

bn.icibnJ42

JAOLG pA fluifcq 2ftfG2 iq IJJG Er1LOb1J COJWUU!1A uq jUGL cccbicq pA OfGL

drij-isq UIJ11J JIJfJJUJCU42 pC!IJIJUJ oU UIIII.A J g(y5 JJJC G!pf AL bcuoq 1M12

1UJOf1U4IU 10 J1J ACLG ouc-IpJLq 11UJ LCqrJCIJOU M!IJJ J91L LGJ1f!AC Cr142 OJ pJJJCL LfC !U ip1

bLflc!bu42 w iojcAo jonuq o cq 10 !mbJcuJcul Cr142 crjccfJAcJA

cxcujbJou o qcc buucibj

LCJ1IAJA I1IJCOIJ1LOACL2JJJ i bornl O LCLIJCC OL fG jonuq 01J1J0IJ2 IICLC 1GU OAGL

ou!utfcq A1JJ IjJC UGO1J1TU m9uq Ill 1G flIJTlCq 211C jLq EXb9U2!OU VCI O TQ mq M2

iuJuJqis L1C LcqnclTou uq i UAG-AC91 1LIJ!1TOU bcuoq o cdnj-iscq Cfl1253 ju bLroqwunjcrnq bLoqr1c15 jG 'q io o bcLunf WCUJCL2 10 CJJ0OG C1//U

tqncuou MJ qJ bn.ti LCU 10 () bCLcctJl cr11 'U 1L11j.2 ou uou-&rnjLA

8

Page 11: I4BEI IiPiOKKIMO &VbEK 2E!flE2 - Columbia Universitydrd28/Kowalczyk_Davis.pdf(13fl1JO3 iliw 3v611 116 3vxin3)ni 01 f1331w2 23o1d niolol £ ('d3I3th) 11s1 .duh 'dT wod2 o216 36111 Ii

thiw i1inuo3 binviq v&f bluow 1vi1zo1 -- boiiq 1uo-sr1q mumixm ni'1i3q ñ io noinu mo1u3 ninioi mofi in3miu1b clgirf io 211h61 IJ3iiini I1Id I1sIu3inBq

i&lw b noifl11qi3ni iii11 ni I1E5t bi&flib vEr1 a1fIm1 I1LJJ3E 1riV 1I13 flu

boqiozni vsr1 21n3m1 1ni Ivii1i mo .rni1 lo r1inI 3IdEno1" E biuhi1eno3

rIi gnibu!3ni 1nmi tho Iir1w thn! 3iithl3bni nv io io' lo 1n&nir4b lo thoil3q

wiM bnB £ith1iuA nw1d Jnmis bsiJ i1 ÔQI 3rD bris ATIa nusfi1dBi ifI3rfl35tgE 0Q1

13biw nd al3d ii fl3Ufl3 £ A .iuo-3asr1q is n1 mumixm i o1 b3bivrnq bnJ3Ii3

nibE11 thiin3l3l3lq lo noi1rrno1 3rD no 3nu1qiib 3Iflii boqmi VIXX 3I3iflA if I wiv bI3rl

uiriU rfi 1o &nq if1 ol 1soqoiq in3iq 01 thbnl briE nEqIT. b31 23iiIUOiflib o3r1T

i1 briE noinu mou lo 11 r1i ioI mno i1uitisq filiw V1XX obitrA iiivoi ol bnuo5i

rnui3lni no onu1qi3ib bo 3k1 oril" ibb ol 'nqT. iii bn aiedm3m-norl no im 3rD d boqqo md riBqE1 bns iii b3iinTJ d1 d b3tIoqqu ,1Eoqo1 ilsiU A ".mn3m35igs

.0Q1 13do130 Iii quoi noi1Ei1on 3rD lo nErmi&D dm d b3mn3o1q w JinumrnoD nqoiu 3rIT 1.in3m113 thnil 3rD ni b3mqobE w briE ,IQQI iii i1iiU 1InuU 3fl1 Iii b3bul3ni EW II

no Jn3m31A 1Jnn3D 3di 10 VIXX 3IzitiA lo noimsi3lql3mnI di no nibnIiI3bnU" r1iJ1u31

31ubd3 bilE nslq £ 3bul3ni IlElia in3m35lE rrwl3lni 'n" lErli fli33q "4QQ1 3bEIT briE i1iiisT

thnoiiq33x3 ni '1no 01 b333x3 bluorla [hull]

s iibni oi 1dioqmi w ii" irii niii s 3n3miA ATIAJ di e3oup oIi H .V8I q ,(Qf) riwJ !noiiinsii rIi Io brr rIi is b3diJods nd vrI ion bluow iiub mo3w3 d.idw b iq1 ni aiuboiq di iniq

ivisw VXX IinA ns bnisido rbiriw iinurnmoD !i bns IsoD nsqom3 i3ubolq-owi ffi sw ii 'Im r1T QE

03 bihion nd bsti 23nmn3nsTIs VTXX 313!J1A 8Q isth 2rIoq1 (QQ1) O1'W odT .(OQ .q ,(OVI) msU) TTAD d ninism r1i ioI lir1w ,VTXX IoiflA riiiw niimómno3 as bisi nd bsrl 2in3m1s xi ;I 'isuris1 d TTAD

I...] .im nd bsrl 23nm31iupi Isp! 3(1) 35(13 nOI2IJ13no 3(11 b3d3s3i 13V3fl 3vsff 23irwq ribhow 3(11" 23253

ii , o tocyc o (.2kasrlqrn3 113th ,VI-ôI .qq) ".abiic

.48I-181 qq,(1)flsw3i 33 ".isi TIhsi b3(1i3w noqu bsd 3d 115r12 n3bi3ni Is13n" isrli oels abivoiq r1ibr1siI3bnU 311T

.(QI) Is b noabs1

Page 12: I4BEI IiPiOKKIMO &VbEK 2E!flE2 - Columbia Universitydrd28/Kowalczyk_Davis.pdf(13fl1JO3 iliw 3v611 116 3vxin3)ni 01 f1331w2 23o1d niolol £ ('d3I3th) 11s1 .duh 'dT wod2 o216 36111 Ii

GJJO uq H0IWGL (j bb

pcu iwbjcwucq OAL p1 bcuoq

u q1rT2uJcu1 bcuoq oj cicu AcL2 M2 lu Jrnc,, '!tP /uon bLccqu rp jojAo jonuq cni pq JoL cmbjimmcqicjA ipi bujjiiu tI.uiou bcuoq jpi2 bLobo2J M2Lucq qoiw cpcu Lncq tpi

(jy b uicIujou2 po/& rpc onrci cuq nccq 9t rpc fluifcq wt bp2c on ru

ff WG LC LcgnC!Ou MCLG imcq T Lq1ICHJ JOLf-LfTIJ JOL iq1f12fWCIJr

LGJJAGJA IJJp-c jpOL IUJUCTUJA fIJC1 IpC JSG O ! oq 4U. V H coucjnqcTuqc1LA OLI1IJJ jic o1 bLoccJoiY 112 LOMJJ L1G &uq 112 LGJfi/ 112G O fIIJ2JCJJjCq IJq

cxcmbiiou pJ qIJLJqcIJ1 AUJC JuqrJfL2 bCLcCUC fLJ Lcqcrcfjoir pp uq u

JLOIB 1JJ12 ccii uq LCCGIAG jC2 OL IJO LCqFJCUOLr gGLiCfiU fP 2Wbj o iuqn2LJG iccciiu

cm pA CLO22 fpc potq /M1p crpdncm piiuiu OAGL Mp!cp CtOL poriq pc cxcwbfcq

cuucqA gorrnq bn.f!c!bm12 icq r oruc oj rp onuq 9i uJiJncfnuiJ rLi torijq pG

vu crLJA COUI1JpJ1fTOU i opu pcp (jr) wqA o uiq 2G qriA cqnciiou ii'

'Tlpw rnqnuc io nc pc jruuc io Icccbf LOLUJ uq P!J!Q fO obboG TV

uq bopicq Juuncucc iuq ii p oripi bLox!c ncp JOL JqThfwcu iuq ULW couccuptiou

JJfGLU1LG JJ12 r1uJGq 1p fJJG GAOI(TIJOIJ 0J WU2 LGthouq buuiujA o qT2upnfiAc cou2!qGLJfiou2

F!J fpcoLcfTcJ MOLJC ou 1L!J cqricuou cuthTLTcJ MOLJC ou pc crp1cci cu1 jT2

OW6 EWbL!C0I ff6IIJ OU JLI KGLOLUJ

4VELV -- O ThJJTCJJ MG UILU IIJ 2GCIIOU -- pcm tMO AGJ12 JGL

iuqrii.A uq OWGL bOfGIJ1JjJA fljccfcq biiica) Jf N OU fjJJ pcyonuq iprj ucoiiou oj

11UUJGU o fO bprQ-orn ccouc qctcLuJrucq LOfI courijtiou MTfp

bLoAJqc o oi imuJcqic o j/iC An. bpc-on bGuoq2 Mcjj cxcbiouij CGOUG2 fG

cou2!qcLfJou O JfGLIJ1TAC bLoboJ J0L WOLG uthiq icqncjiou33 (ipc CIJq-fl LCGUJCU(

M1 QAGIJfrflJJA JUCOLbOLGq 1UJ0 C VLGCIJJGIJf ii qiq uoi pthbcu Mrpor1f buoL

BLG2CuIGq TU pc cUJq-fl-• LCG 1LqG UGO1TTf!OIJ OL 1GU AcL mnwnw bpc-orw jpijc cu

TQ LGGU1 PGfMQGU VrI21LIiJ uq J4GM C1flJq MGLG IJJOU f pc BLGCGqGIJf2 uq LG2OIJ

Ipe cuqu UG0f0L AJ!c41CJ H"4 LGbOLI2 fpJf poip tpc jQØ ELW LGGWGIJr IJq f

To

Page 13: I4BEI IiPiOKKIMO &VbEK 2E!flE2 - Columbia Universitydrd28/Kowalczyk_Davis.pdf(13fl1JO3 iliw 3v611 116 3vxin3)ni 01 f1331w2 23o1d niolol £ ('d3I3th) 11s1 .duh 'dT wod2 o216 36111 Ii

11

ninflU .noiinEIqx3 'drfD iol &n3biv iithu1 ainoiq (VVQI) Ifl mIo3thM

dol wn gnu1q3x inoil iu iw ru u1q JnrnsoIqmnu niiub ogw lao! ai aiao3 inmiau1b

iBdi abnil bnE aiiiaubni xia ni aibow ..U b3fIqaib '1thI VVl al3biano3 f{ 1E3' flO fIIffltW

ai noi1ubi lihEl 'bonn)I a'naijbnj rfi lo ia di bnfi aiao3 thua nwiod noiiI5no IqffHa 3r11

.88.0 viiBn iol allilBJ aibu1a (VVQI) 13ni!I3H .)I .0 VQI) aviD bl&13i51 d bula B no nibnEqxJ

n3ifl abnil H .anBr13 iiorfi ai IIw a OVQI bnB IQI io1 ah1wbni nnu1oBlunBfn nthb&IBD V8

hnimon nl3rIi rth31 vi13Tt1 lud aI3v1 vii3113 nith riiii iBnimon niBIqx ol ma aIdBhsv air!

mrIi ni 2nB& bni aif31 [snimon abnil oriw (.1i3 .qo) diiD ol iailno3 ni ai iiirr! 3rfT) .agnBfI3

noiiBnrl33no3 iI1I3m JEHI irftw1 abnil ni11H (.aiB1 vii11 nsdl bnisLqx3 liod od oi

aaol aoilqmi nox1B1inono3 ior!girf) noiiuboi anislqxo (amiil iuol lao1E1 o oiiria ioIlBm)

ni noii3ubol a! ioisI orli 'iiaubni as ni arrriil llsma lb no1oq orb iorIirf orb lsrli bas (noii3ubo1

nthlqxo ion aoob iianoini iodBl boliiAariu i&1i abnil oH .bolobiano3 bonoq off I iovo noiizoiolq

.aognsrl3

irow abnil (81) niwblEH nodo5i ralollo iu3 lhiizi bnuo5l oAoT 2.U lo buia i nI

d bobivib anoqmi) noiisnorioq iioqmi oiorfw aohiaubni ni od ol bnoi aiu lIhsi wol isrli onobivo

bns (i1aubni lloqmi ion niod no IEnoiiibno3) dgirf ai (atioqmi ion bns noii3ubolq lb ffiU2 offi

aioAiow boll blanu ol aiao3 iodsi lo oisrla) aosw wol inso orxoff bilE bollb{anu ois aiohow 5iorlw

nA .1aszflin8i2 Ion oi alovol llhsi 2.U 1gniahqiua iErlwomoa ;(aiao3 iodsl lEioi 10 noi13IrI1 £ E orb bns aJiJz 'iub lb aiollo 2.U lEniho orli noowiod ozrzoiollib orb nuiE5Ii rbEoqqE 3VilEfllOilB

iodirf lo noii3ubo1 1oiBl boilqmi riDiriw) siurrnol aaxw boois a'bnijo$I orb 'd boil qmi aim

ogiovmm bas alovol fliisi lEd I abnil riiwblsd noiiE3ili3oqa airfi .ioliod ldEiobiano3 aoob (llhs1

bilE ffiwo1 Jnorn'olqmo aB anoiiibno iiaubni ni aorIEff rlua oiim a ias3ilinia OlE alovol ow .noiislionoq iloqmi

f oim (21insd Iuirni-non bn 2I1i1i) noii33iolq IEinwbni 2l3biano3 (QI) briE J d bu12 A

irii brn .noim3o1q niElqx3 qbrf bnoqx 21 i&Ii luqJuo Ii2ubni to 31E1i2 bns bbbE-uEEv 3orfi bnul vr1T .riinuoz

.no vi2nEJn!-1Li)I2 briE -IEiiqE3 01 iom briE 2i1i2ubni ovi2nini-odE1 01 20 noiIoio1q 221

Page 14: I4BEI IiPiOKKIMO &VbEK 2E!flE2 - Columbia Universitydrd28/Kowalczyk_Davis.pdf(13fl1JO3 iliw 3v611 116 3vxin3)ni 01 f1331w2 23o1d niolol £ ('d3I3th) 11s1 .duh 'dT wod2 o216 36111 Ii

w1 1&{i bn v)iDolqi33l 3V[Ovfli noi1zi1on 3bIi ir11 si1 33f11 lo mo 30o noiiibnoz 'brna on 33Y .2noiin no3wl3d nthiii3d lo 3mo3luo FIB 3113 siol3l3rfl noiJ3ub31

IEdo1 lo Jix3fqrno Jv fJ ol 3uU .I3niiBq nibsii 1i lo oi1i no 2fl012233fl03 2'fIOilBfI

daiIdB1 ol iluoillib sfiup 3d bIuo3 Ii 3ui b3113131r1u 1gnim3 lo rril 3r11 nibu13ni abnuoi

(113(11 13(11131 (VQ1) ioniI I3BrL3iM .2noiJthlon d3u2 iol 2noilBn Lsubivibni n33w13d 1i3o1qi331

13 lo 3mo3luO 3111 all bnuo5l noIIiG 3th lo i1ui di 1snf3 noin lilubivibni no ni2IJ3O1

aiu3 11(1131 iIlffi oH .niqo1ovob bns boqoIovb 2oi11nuo3 lo quoi owl noowlod ni.1g113d

iol tiino1oq ov&f 1f1im oiflnuo3 riiqo1ovob rloirlw ni 1uboiq boluJoEIunsrn iol qo3b 21$ Ion 313W

lii iollo ol 2233313 l3Al13m rf3um ov13rf Ion bib 2ohlnuoD oo(11 oni 2I3ubolq 131110 Iii 213 rIiIloqx3

mulsi

nuI3oI3b iol LIJI ni2irno1q 13 31f31i12f103 21(13ffi33113 obsil Isilnsioloiq 113(11 21(1332 II

01 1n3mo31A ATIAI4 1nooi odi 213bi2no3 (1011332 Ixon odT .sq 12111 13 113 121331113 Ii3o1qio31

3f10 ni 2l3ubolq iol 2boiloq flJO-3213r1q 113(11 321132 3111 (11 ii3o1qi331 2i 510111 l3ffI3fIW 3iSi123Vfli

s 20)1131 21111 1b3nimbA .1Jnuo3 lonrIBq 3111 111 2boh3q Iuo-o2sfiq o11i nislqxo qiorl nBc '(11nuo3

lo 132 iobiw 'IIsiIrIE12du2 i gnivlovni 2noilBilog3n bsoid 'C13V 13131 111 513W 11311w lo Wow TiEff

21o1332 WOfi lo noi2u!311i 3111 213 113w s 31in 111011103 3it2omob 2A3sdqsn2 huh nibu13ni 231J22i

'sm Jsiiw no 111 iI mo nu1213D 'd oqof1 3W Ju132u od 11112 (1133 2i2113nE oril 1oY .23DPfl32 rIou2

.anoiIBn n33w13d nillglzd 11$lOithid B (ii 3ffl0311J0 3(11 O3nOuflni

o)ix3M bntl .JJ tJi iii tuo-9rIq ATIAI1 b noit,it9vnI A . 3b1$11 odi ho r1i133m i 1111w OQQI 3nu1 lii n133d ATIA'I ni112i1ds123 2blBwol 2noi113iIo3frI

1B13n3 3111 bolqobs 2311mq ni1si1oon ocfT .23i13i boiinU odI bn13 o3ix3M 13b13nsD ho 21312mm

-sbsnu$D 3(11 111 oltsi 1133\ nol 3(11 fl11no331 21uo-3asrfq 1111131 iol fflUfnixSffI mo'-no1 ho 3Iqi3nnq

-oaEflq mumixEm B nibn3rnmo331 l132oqolq bnuo5l Bu1nU ho 33n3121x0 3(11 bns Inom33lgs 2.U

1BO' 113311i1 13 01 boois 02113 23(11111.103 OuT .21nom3o1A VIXX oI3mrlA 101 21E3 1131 ho bohoq mo

.23253 L13floilqo3xo iol bonoq luo-oasrlq

24! .q 8QI) riiwb1H Iqmsx iol

Page 15: I4BEI IiPiOKKIMO &VbEK 2E!flE2 - Columbia Universitydrd28/Kowalczyk_Davis.pdf(13fl1JO3 iliw 3v611 116 3vxin3)ni 01 f1331w2 23o1d niolol £ ('d3I3th) 11s1 .duh 'dT wod2 o216 36111 Ii

U

'muni1 no Ju13 olni Jnw irr3mt 3111 bru QI lo 13dm333U iii bni w b1o33s ciA

i'noa bris boo cii obiii uai tho nomi cifl303 r1Eq 1ff i3 lo 2iinoz) II .1QQ1 .1

acr1 bn niiio lo Ic.n oi1i33q II in3m3lu3olq in3mIn3vo brie bini ol 13h1&J li3oirlfb3i

i £bsnD 1&fl nthnsirliiwioM .noi1i13qoo3 lodEl bnB !1n3cnno1ivn3 no 1n3m1i LsJn3m3fqqu

rio 3uDo1 aiuo-3aBrIq Thiai A'NAT4 lo noi2uzib niwoI1o1 3th ATTAI4 lo l3dm3m nibnuo1 £

31111w 23rnBq rliod oi insoi1ini bris is1 i 3bsfl isulum iiorlT .isi b3linU rf1 bns o3ix3M

.11sm i oixoM bris sbsnsD no3wI3d 3b511

.2.U-sbfrnsD 3rLt ol bolsqmo3 is o1Ln iri3irio3 b3n3Ii1ii s rbu ATIAT4 lo 133q2B 3ffl0

1rI3m331s A'NAVI cfI 13v3woH .m31 griibsn bliow f1 iol A3sd-1o £ 31U1112r1o3 1nomooigs

15111 iv'i cii 3bsll bns 1i1x31 oiuu1uiis nibuI3ni 3Ui wn iol 3riifqi3ib 3uboi1ni oath

oafs 3n3m31s 3rIT .b31si1on asw ATIAVI omil 3111 is 1ovi13o113 1OVOD ion bib TTAD novo

on I lo Juo-oasrfq iso' novoa s ioils ooixoM olrii noil3ubolq lobsliupsm lo obini 3511 aoilqmi

ATAM f1sni 8E.O3IXOM ni bloa off ns isrfi noilDubolq nl3ua lo sisrf a onli no limif oO Insrlu3

01 bobos off nso AT9AM isrfi nu1sa oauslD noiaao33A cis niliw duID rioqo ns as Ifoaii aoiuiiiano3

.oion1qainnioH moiaoW odi cii aoinnuo3 Its 'd boisi3oaas onli bns 1nomoo1A onli lo xorrnA cii boaaoibbs sis aouaai VIXX ol3itlA

onfi ni1ioqa a3i1ogois iuo-oasnfq llhsi fsiono ovil aoiliinobi xonnA onfT .aofubonf3 IIiisT

aos1a noi :D aos1a ovil : H 1oithbomrni :A) obsn 3311 01 aiu Isunns bosia-Isupo 1o iodmun

oH osia 113V32 :+H) aohoois3 Isnoilqo3xo omoa bns (0011 'iub bounlilno3 :U os1a f :+J

oniin :OID anoi13ubo1 fsiiini oisI auaiov anoil3ubsl Isiiini llsma nfiiw aos1a ovil :1fl bnis

oisizoaas bns moJa boxinom-isH onli 01 nibios aiDubolq iail ao1ubonfa lliisi oniT 0.(aoia

1o1 .oixM oi inw rioqx Ji lo E.O 'ffno 1ir1w o3ixM moi1 ms tioqmi sbEnD Ic iuod WQ! iii

no b13d noiliu31D) .sbEnD 01 uiw io ni biBnii1o 2i-ioqx ban rioqrni 2'ooixM lo c fliodn is mn rIi ((I) 1MI

.1 .q (€I) nod2 bnn undIuH nvig v3woH .fui OTW odi olni noilnluqila £ ri3u rriin1oqioni 10 lovnl ni bugis and (II) iinwniiH

nv r1i3ub1 inI1w d bJuo Jfim5riup5 vijniJis J3n5Inqqs aidi (ii3 .qo) iW bnn nii L ctsi1 lo anibni1 rD

.1nnoigi in an-is bnii i1 10 2flOiflU amoiau Ii -- lEIu3irmq ill 10 --

-I .q biuO bniT nn3hmA rlno14 QI brin dqsinin xnaA inmiA bsiT fl ns3i1rnA rltioVl O

Page 16: I4BEI IiPiOKKIMO &VbEK 2E!flE2 - Columbia Universitydrd28/Kowalczyk_Davis.pdf(13fl1JO3 iliw 3v611 116 3vxin3)ni 01 f1331w2 23o1d niolol £ ('d3I3th) 11s1 .duh 'dT wod2 o216 36111 Ii

N

bn b1inU dli io rfio8I .lliisl od IQQI i brie iol luo-o&Iq i 1uboiq r133 rlliw

w1 '1no 5I1 013r11 1fu3itiBq ci ;iin m1o1J3v bE rn i b3ioup noilo iom IThEI c1 cr11 o3ixoM

o3ixM mioiq noi1iiTIi1EJ di lo in31x 3rD ol 33n3biv3 is3d thIT .oix3M ioI b31i1 1oup

.TTAD ol noix 8Q1 3111 riliw b3Jth3o2a tiq ci )fOOJl3bnu

thnil 1&11 1r13m3-liup3l 3rD 01 noiiq33x3 'n thovi Jon ob o1ub11D Oril lo n0ii3OqfII

nithiw Ithi i2om bilE nol niifiiw bol&iirnilo od 01 om 11hE1 lo 'ihom oriT .oio od 11hBJ

£ ni1iD .2io' riol io riovo ovi1 iorllio b 2noilcubol lEunnE bosk-Isupo ni'(1i3oq 3i1oO1133

isrfi J1oqoi (QQ1) JioddA A3iiob5II noiimmoD obsiT !snoiisnioiril 2.U orli 'd 'bu1 EQQI

lo Juods bns oDixoM rnoil rioqmi 2.U OQQI lo c1 nsrD aoI ioI ni1nuoxs 1ouboiq

..U ioT .Juo-os1iq uso' I orb bonisido o1si bolinU orb moil 2rloqmi '1ibomrrIo3 nsixoM

noiislnomolqmi no ooil od bluow '1 Juods IsrIl isqiiJns bu1 orb o3ixoM moil 1ioqmi

Juods riiiw (D 'ioo1sz) iso 01 nirhiw (d ioois) isos nirbiw cQ8 (A \1o3JE3)

orIJ rxoqmi n&ixoM io1 .bu1 oril lo omiJ on I Is ooi1 '1ub niod bsoiIs J1oqmi lo 4f 1Isi1ini c8f bns D ci cE EI ci cVI A (Iog3Jso ci c1E o-is 'bu1 offi ci oismi1o r1ibnoqo11o3

olinfw ooixoM moil lioqmi ..U us iovo 1nomoois orb Jsffl o1smi12o 'bu12 oms onfT .ooi1

.boi3vo3nu 2.U odI moil 2rioqmi a'ooixoM b JnoD-Ioq owl nlBnII aoI nivsoI

01 bonias ois louboiq wod lo insnirrnoiob 0111 lo omo nii'(tiinobi ci boioioJni om oW

orb bfus o3ixoM ioI oi1ibomrno o1qms ow ooqiuiq JsrlI io9 .oiiooJs 1uo-osnIq IliisJ IfIoloThb

wofl obsil b lovol o3sgoigsib laom orb i nl3infw jovol JTR Iiib- 3112 Is o1s1 bolinU

Isnil 2Jouboiq orb oIqms 121fl oW .oiJ2i1si2 obsiT \IiborrImoI) noiisM boiiniU off I ci boino2o-iq

bns rloqxo I QQ I no bosd o iooi& iiib- nirliiw obsil Isio b aoisn1 oisI 'IoviisLoi io1 inuoxs

orb 'd bo2us3 mo1doiq ioI boTioo 01 norfT bolinU orb bcs ooixoM ioI sisb noqrnli

ow r13u lo Isoint I orb io iornsd obsfl 01 oub od infirn wofl obsil Isilini 1Lsrn Jsff I \IiIidioq

nofns boInooiqoi Ion 51S Isnil oi1oo1sD iiib- orb niriliw Irnobns 2oi1ibommo Iiib- oLqcns

ô .q QQ1) floddA

th lo noiiiqx moil wofl 3bn13 no iTI 'n iminim oi noo± w £ n&fi IffJEi JQQI

.1n3m331E bB1i

Page 17: I4BEI IiPiOKKIMO &VbEK 2E!flE2 - Columbia Universitydrd28/Kowalczyk_Davis.pdf(13fl1JO3 iliw 3v611 116 3vxin3)ni 01 f1331w2 23o1d niolol £ ('d3I3th) 11s1 .duh 'dT wod2 o216 36111 Ii

qo cc npci jujbo qrnic qnuu rpc 4vhLv-ru!pou bcuoq tpu rpcA qiq pCOLC WTb.LV ,u1 iuo ccc

yi ips otpcL puq iucs 4VLJ.V iuA9JJqfc cx!co,2 Q-2Wtfl !' tpc nuitcq 2(&1C2 owc cxicu bLoqncr2

rpc to pe pipou MpJJS rps iicq jj uJcLcpcuqi?c cxboz.t to ycxico s pijpoii

iiqc MIIJJ tpc wdnJJqoL jpc qqccucc i wjcq: (oL cxwbjc cxico ji2icq jj mcLcpuqi2c Twbou2 pow

!1 wcLcpuqic giqc uq iutcq tpnjtcq it 2cLAicce 1tqc MpxJc fl cxboit uq !wboIt MiIp cxico iucjnqc

V WOLS iuiijcut qqjcLcucc pctMccu rpc IMO conutuc e tpr NcxiCO null! cxc jnqcq i.udnJJsqoL l12qc LOW

h° potp iwboi.t uq cxboi ic 2cq i-op" pc fluitcq Wlc2 cxbo ui.c op pot iuJboIR cTL

bbLocp rarb1ic2 cjrnt tpc uriwpct oAc2 ojbpc-ont c conuicq om jrpc 11L1 MVELV tu Lcqncuou occnacq M5U pc Lccwcut MGU( mto cjcct ou uunO j !

c2rrurnfc o iiubcqcq iwbou pA CbOL o j combmcq to M}JSU pLLTc12 LG couJqcLcq cxo5IJO1l2

jL5J5L (j) CWU2tLt52 poM cconunu OL cuqocucitA oj fl2 unclnLiu dnot L12G jps

GAGLG2 uq 10fMfCC0 LGCGLAG pTp BLO(GC(10U H!P (L11j C(G0LJQ LG j0 GXiC0 C(G0LA

IpG QGuGLcJJGq 2A(GUJ 0j bLGTPLGUCGQ III pO(JJ C0flU(L1C Cb(G0LIG2 0 uq j LJC11J(flLG iJq

fl( oujA ou AJnc-qqGq uq iuncp o J,cxJco1 pq JLcqA dncjcq OL qn(A pcc cu(LA rJuqcL

imboi. L0W jcxico 0L (MO LG0U: imboi. L0W fC wtdrnJqoL LG U0( (fXGq OU Tf1jJ AJflG

Jg AGLG Jwbo!4 qrJfA jpG fl AGLG OAGLG41UJ(G2 oi bLofQc(iou

11UjG14O0C UJ1OL (LG LGj0LIJJ JU (G GJjJ(TG J( LGUJ!U LGJ(TAGJA bLo(ccfcq GCOUOIJJA MJ(p !(

fl (L! rnq fl2I uq j0L bpc-or1f AEbOflI uq fl2JOflJ JAP'j J,frGXiCO

j fJUJ1JJJUG IJJG qr pA bLGGU(JU ocujj rnq j-qji( AGL&Q2 OL cxicu uq

ØLqe uq uq oj bcLccu( o ?4GXJC02 iinboi.r JLOW (G fl flJq (pG MoLJqe LGthGC(UGjA

CC0I1U( OL fQ bGLcGu( oj iwboi. ow cxico uq j bcLccuf o i iwboi. 1L0W (G

flUT(Gq 2(( Jq Q JTIJG2 0L AjGCJC0 Mi(p Q commou bLoqrlc( CfGOLJG Jpcc couJwoqi(Jg

uq g-qJJ( qn(rc &uq bpc-on( jpc bocqric LGflj( !u jg -qu bLoqrlc( puce OL (G

q!!f /9JflG o pc L(C uq bp2G-on( lc jonuq pA rJuMcJpfcq AGL!U CLO Jj LGJGMUJI Q-

(0 O (0 IX OL Gipf q!jf HTUJ0U!q coq (0 0(IJ qn(A jcicj uq bpc-of1( pi (G2G cc2 -

W0( C(G0L!G 2C/GLj (I41 J(GUJ C0LLGthOUq (0 (G AGU T.UJ0UCq coq UJIjtJU U UGCG2LA

MJJOLGJJJ (1LJJ UUG (1JG jU(GL (G IJIUUpGL 0 cdcnij (0 (PG IJf1UJCL 01 (LjLj LGqnCfJ0u2 hOL

HIroq A2u? MG LCCOLbJ (G uubjiq (Li ruq MHJ CUG0LA -- (G 0UJJGL i2 bU

(G UL( G( 0J bLoqric(4 flJU (G flJJJ(Gq M(TOU2 (JgQ) coucoqrncc G(MGGU 2LL IJq (G

Page 18: I4BEI IiPiOKKIMO &VbEK 2E!flE2 - Columbia Universitydrd28/Kowalczyk_Davis.pdf(13fl1JO3 iliw 3v611 116 3vxin3)ni 01 f1331w2 23o1d niolol £ ('d3I3th) 11s1 .duh 'dT wod2 o216 36111 Ii

bn13 niri1o13 bubcii rloiriw) ni1uJ3&1unEm uo3nEI13irn 8 sçioI& .2.U bnB 1io

Iuo &1q ol wio Ai o3ix3M 13V no I&1i irftiu1 Iv31 3IdsI 3rfT .(lE3wIooI

S oals i td3 i3v1 335 iggs 13V airli IA .iso 8E.I is1 b3iinU 3r11 ol b311$qmoo ffoil33Iolq

.i1inuo3 rbod ni no 1ub-woI riscfi 3uo-&1q l3gnoI 3vio1 ol aioJ 1ub-r1if1 iol 'n3bn31

nw13d r12iuniiib ol IIu3ilIib 3d bluow ii noi1331oIq no *tow IB3hiqm3 iol HI i A 01 bs312ni i 2i1snE rnwo1Lo1 oift lo oviI3oldo 311T .2wo-3sr1q llhsI 10 1obom rIi13qffIo3

ioubolq ois 1uo-3&fq iii noiithisv lo noilsnslqx3 mo 3bivo1q nso isril 3IdEi1sv 1iJn3bi

1LJo-3sr1q b3nirrn3l3b-31q olni I1s3n ilsI 13v31 iiib-8 rfi is 3iIibomrnoD ffIJOff1 fl3V .a3o3iB ob isill iuo-3Er1q lo is lo 2l3dmun ol 2b531 1Isuu 13v31 liib-13wo1 5 01 fIS13V1$ 1o31s3

bns TUOqU 31dthlsv won3gobn3 3rD 1gnib1o3A .'Ciools 'ens 01 '113sx3 bnoq5rIo3 ion

.3u1sv 1331ni-non 3)1133 nE) TUOM 3ii3mob 'd b3Jsl3n3 31dsrIsv \fflOflO33 Is3iliIoq 1133w13d r1aiuniiib 03 IrñqI3fI ai II

s rDiw ni isd £ 1I b3niml3i3b 315 luo-3sr1q lsrli is1 rfi 'd boilqmi 31dsnsv bns 231u231q

rioiisiisv iuo-3Ef1q 13(113(1w I1nuo3 rk133 iol rIh3bino3 'd ni3d 3W .1n3mm3vo ni5Io1

l3ntIsq 3bs11 0113131 '1ii3i1qx3 Ion ob Is± o1dsnsv d b3rIisIqxo 3d (153 3no3isD Iouboiq ois i1oq

ninisisd 1n3mn13vo £ 133115 2i3131ni lloqx3 bus rloqmi 133ubo1q 13muano3 woiisV

doirlw in3fnfri3vo lo rlDrII3ld 3v1iu33x3 3(13 1sIu3ir1sq ui d b13(1 233r1313131q 'fIJ3 ob s 33fI13i

no *iow nhlix3 lo noiu3ib 1311153 3rD moI .quoi 3isvnq ns lo 3or11 ui b31fl31 3d ion sm 1o1 sisb 13v31 '(li2ubni 31W31 bluow 133113 r13rJ lo i1sns IsrIi wonA 3W 1uo-3asr1q IIiisl

noIislin33no3 'ilubrii bus lian31ni lodsI-b3llthnu 3o3 ln3mlaulbs-lodsl 31dsi1sv 13(110 noms llnsi 3(11 d b3ilqmi '1133lib tsrli 23ldsnsv UOfl30X3 '1no 13bino3 3W sq iaiil irfi IA .oiJsi

3rD nO .i1sns 3(11 lo noilslirnil iO113 £ i(1T .noi133 ir1i ui 1311153 b3dh33b sisb 3bsfl bus

Is slsb 3rD lo 3luisn 3iE31gsib '1r1id 3rD lo 3slnsvbs lIul 3)161 03 ai 1Irnl3q 230b Ii brthr1 13(110

-olq l3fDo bns nil3qmoD-tioqmi 3i13mob gnisnsmmu lo rlDsolqqs 3rD 31o1313r1J 3)1s1 3W .bnsrl

'3ibommo3 10 13v31 ns 101 isr1I 3si23r1ioqd bus 13v31 llilsi lsiiirii di 'd 31U31 noli33iolq

iol 1is1irrii) TUOIU 1o 23LJ15V 13f1ir1 riliw b31si3os 315 TU 10 OIJ1SV l3flgi(1 noiIsg31gs

Page 19: I4BEI IiPiOKKIMO &VbEK 2E!flE2 - Columbia Universitydrd28/Kowalczyk_Davis.pdf(13fl1JO3 iliw 3v611 116 3vxin3)ni 01 f1331w2 23o1d niolol £ ('d3I3th) 11s1 .duh 'dT wod2 o216 36111 Ii

VI

ol liI bluow noil3oiolq niniBido J Iuo3Du ricf ov&f 1&li quoi 2f (TUOJM bnB TRIM

Vbbfljx3 jj

oI nfb w iIBn th3hiqm3 orfi iii beau Idthiv 3111 1iI cI3idw IdT ru b3iE1 th 2.U d fl3vi (1M)JXU bn (HIM)JMU I3ini tloqx3 biu3 ruoqmi 10 1U2i33 (l33h9qmi)

briE (U)JM3M rfiiw bEfl .2.U Isiol lo 31&I £ s o3ix3M 01 tioqx io moil atloqrni

m 31131k ruoqmi jIEI u 313111 i iarf1oqr1 iuO .o3ix3M iol 1dsh13v iiIimk ni3ct (U)JX3iM

'ddo1 ol 1131ni floqx3 sxibni 51131k 1ioqxo isI u 3lirfw rioi11i1s13diI biqEl 03 nE1ioi ol bI ngi3IoI lo nin3qo biqsi iol in3mm3vo 113111

3(11 briE o3ix3M ri3wi3d 3b1311 \(iiefJbni-1$flni lo 33ibrn b'oLI-I3d1ni) 31is1iJ1is3 oW

b1iow ocfi lb 1si oi1i 03 ovilElol obf3fl a"çulnuo3 fk)S3 iol brus U)TIHM briE (3M)TIIU

obEli \(u1uJbni-13-uJni loglEl 313111 i iorrnol 3111 lol kor1ioq'r1 orlT .(W051)TH3IM brIE (WO$I)TllU

a oi11nuo3 rliod ru ruin3qo lo*usm ioi1 01 bsol 111w ii boiriU 3111 bns o3ixoM noowiod

nui3qmo3-J1oqmi iol noi1snoqmo3 orno io11o 13hBm Ioritisq 01 233 01 oub oi1irIu11oqqo

lb Jsi 3111 01 ovilEIsi obBil 'i1wbni-snrui oglEl 'iodrnom oId13imv ioiJEI 3(11 ruibiisgo5I .rrni1

lontuEq 01 233313 biqEl iol ddoI bluow rl3irlw (Iiwbrui noii 1$ lo ni s od m bliow 3(11

brioixo 01 bni$ isoirfi iu a ith ovioioq bnEfi 131110 3111 no ioliilSq obruil 3311 OfIT .1o*ism

.331o1 oor1i lb r11noii ovilElol offi no thrioqob 133113 Ion oriT .boiioq 1uo-osrfq 131Jbo1q 3111

bonidmo3 onoo1E3 l3ubolq 1iib- 1113 iol oi1 boiuruU 3111 iol 11uoi 1nooiq E oldsT

i (TU) o1i 1111131 Isiiirii 3111 no lnoi3iII303 orIT .s13islEq3 8 bns V ô 23 ooiB3 iol briE

bolobi2rlo3 3113 'o11i norlw bnB '11ruio1 bolobi2no3 oi 2toubolq 1113 riorlw 1ni1ir1gi2 brIE ovili2oq

iono1 oJ bri1 bsi23thoq'rf as 2oifljb 10r1iff rfliw 2oiliborrlmo3 Isril ni1qmi 1o113113qo2

3111 lb 1231 3111 (11w bris ((JM)TIRU) o3ixoM 1111w obEli 112ubni-B1inI .ln3ml2ulbE lo 2bohoq

;bolobi2no3 0Th 2l3ubolq 2.U 1113 riorfw ovifluon 515 bns '11n13z)iiniE 131113 ((WO5J)TIIU) bhow

8 1o3is3 iol lqo3xo bolsnp2-$I no 133113 113um ovsfl Ion 2oob ff3113 gnuiBrlirnufo 13V3W0f1

moil bbu13x3 i bv1 Thifli 2.U th rI3rfw 01.0 woid 11 1in3uino3 bifiup-$I 15th ebnil (8Q1) niwbLH

.(oqoiq bnuo$I o'AoT 2.U 3d1 niniEIqx anoiuBup

01 rioqx bns moiI arioqrni bivib bluow 3nEi 3ioqx bn noi15iinq rioqmi 1o ium 1oiE1iJBe 510M 81

.boog rU o noii3ubolq 2.U io iimob 2.U rijiw o3ix3M

Page 20: I4BEI IiPiOKKIMO &VbEK 2E!flE2 - Columbia Universitydrd28/Kowalczyk_Davis.pdf(13fl1JO3 iliw 3v611 116 3vxin3)ni 01 f1331w2 23o1d niolol £ ('d3I3th) 11s1 .duh 'dT wod2 o216 36111 Ii

81

orfi bn Jnni ornood oDixoM ffiiw obEli ri2ubni-inini oioclw (niii1unm 2uo3n1Iothn)

i (WO51)TIIU noriW) .bnio[ b5Iobi2no3 oi oIdiwv ow oth noiiw ion oob JovI Jub

bnE (3M)JMU (.Iovol I orfi i ozrIsi1ini2 nthoi fov3L 11i1131 orfi noiii3upo oil i moi1 boqqoib

bni 1nE ini iovon ois xobni boU-I&riO oth thiw boiI5no oii rf3irfw lo nbc! (HM)JX2U

gnioiw 3111 ovcl omiiomo

-1133i1i!oq Liovo oili noowiod rkiunui2ib 01 olds ion '1oiBnuflO1ffu oi ow Eisb iuo noviD

i&li ono boiirnil iov oth i gnibnil iuo ionIi51 .i1u2o1 fl3u ou idim flnfi Iobom monoo 1ido1 ni iuo-oaE11q bus noii3obolq 1o IovoI 2.U riinislqxo o31o1 ni'hobnu oil I lo omo

orfi i noilqo3xo irlsnoqmi ouT) noibsilogon Isiinoioloiq ui *row Is od oi moos oLs noiisiboon

Igni2hpu2 1sf! womo Iovo1 tliisI 513(1w "gniiulzslunsrn uoons1Io3im" '(IO3Is3 i3ubolq ogwl

gniiiirnioq isnli oloni o1s ow m-ioIsi no aiIuoi Isiioiooth orb nu1Is3o51 (.irio-osufq ntslqxo Ion ob

bluoz isnli nis oislIow orb wo1Isib novo io ozwboi irlinri Juo-osulq rioI oiiiubni '1bub-ffirl

orb oisi omsiixo niiiuz o1qmsxo io1 iluoith 11iisi niinonrrisu1 mon b3u13s od oiwiorfio

noilw oislfow bhow oisi i&li 231u1 ninu3 obsi -- Ion boon ii Isth boii od bluork II) .Iom

boinomolqmi noiiw oisllow bhow oisi ion boon noiJsn nibsii 'bhow orb ifs ois boinomolqmi

(.oi-IinuoD 2'bhow orfi lo iodu2 s oics '1no

inuo3)s jovol Iiib- orb is bon ob sisb orb oiorlw O3iXoM ioI oiomo olurniq inoioThb A

bus oiiooIs nithiw io oiioo1s i3ubolq ifs ois iorfiorfw 2Iuo-o?snlq ni nioiithmv odi ioI

bus iuo-osuiq noowbod noiislsno3 oilT (.bn51o11ib i 8 'c1oois wo1od bou3ib od 111w A) .V

obsii iiwbni-snni bnis iuo-osdq noowbod O.O i ii bus O.O slno i icnjboiq 115 2013S I1nsi

o-is V bus ohoois oI o1dsiis', orns orb noowbod noilslsrioo orb ;oisi2 bobinU oufb 1111w

rIoqxo 'oixoM i 2iuo-osrlq ooixoM diiw boisIono3 1noii iom oldshsv ouT O.oios oIs

iolno iovoworf 'ion oob II .((2U)JXHM) obsil Isiol 'o3ixoM Io noiisi1 s s oisi2 bolinU oili 01

.ohooi niriliw io os ionliodw 2noiogo1 ni Iinoflini

vo nxl31q 1th3o rfli b1uo c1i io quoi gniddo1 moil iuiq moil rni bluo3 YIoI ff3IJ

.rnorni lb noijudniib

.ô.O i biinU 3rli ,ol Iuii bRE eiuo—dq nwid noiisIrlo3 1T O

Page 21: I4BEI IiPiOKKIMO &VbEK 2E!flE2 - Columbia Universitydrd28/Kowalczyk_Davis.pdf(13fl1JO3 iliw 3v611 116 3vxin3)ni 01 f1331w2 23o1d niolol £ ('d3I3th) 11s1 .duh 'dT wod2 o216 36111 Ii

1iib- rf1 i iuo-orLq a'o3ix3M ni1qx qI3rI ion ob Hu1f$i 2'o3ixM ii3ril 3Id&*wm1 i ii

irli iii iih biismmu ?how 3r11 a 11w ai 1uo-3asrIq 2.U wI iJui mo Ith moflA .1vI iii 1v1 iub thiiini rii mol Loi .s ffi1d.6i 11niino3 bnuo51 o'AoT bnB 'bnn){ di no mqq

3i.6i1vni Iliw w -iqq 3111 lo l3bni.6m51 fi nI .2.U oril mol lol 1.6 noii3ub3m11i-ui ninii1qxo

oi.6bibn.6 owi no u3o1 Iliw oW .morlflnl iuo-o&fq bn.6 oiiub iiib- 'o3ix3M mol nibni1 irfi

riibiom mono .2.U bomov.61 ovJ$rI 'm noii.6iioon .8.U-o3ixoM odi i&1i i onO :noiiBfIE1qx3

ol 1.63i1r13 Ion omow aiuo-oa&fq owiood mo omuoiq 2.U riofl lb ow.633d morfiio iuo-osrfq

2.U 3111 01 2333B gnflUfI3 flibUL)f1i ovii33[do modio lb ow.633d goi.6mi ATIAT4 'ooixoM

iodlonA 1.1nomflrrirnoa thnoi1moini r1uoTiff1 rrnoloi \3i1oq lb 'iiIidib313 f1if1iId.613 bn.6 IOA1.6rn

s.6m 3uI.6v iiib- mol bomiupom a1uo-odq bn.6 ol.6m 1iib-8 lb odi Jr1i i 'i1idioq

.2fIoil.6flEIqxo oviaII3xo '1thuium ion ois oor1T .Iovol iigib-8 odi 1.6 noi1s1ono6 3mu3do

nrtqmo3 ovlovni bluoD bn.6 b3.6d-b.6omd od bluo3 Ii3o1qio1 onod brl.6 noionoD

mol fIOlilid 2) bomovo3 rIoqrni (c1Q. .2.U umov Q.81 'o3ixoM) anoitubom 'iub 11.6lovo

u1ov o3ixoM mol noillid ) ounovoi lhiui mo (o1.61 bolinU odi mol noillid I E waiov o3ixoM

Ilimisi odT .womn od bluo3 'iio1qi3om omoi1xo modlo oth IA .(o1.61 bolinU odl mol noillicl 8.1

ii bn jovol iiib-8 oth 1.6 bol3ubno3 noilo omow oi.612 bolinU odi bn.6 o3ixoM noowiod nOiisrIogon

I.63iinobi ovioom bluow oi11nuo3 owl odi iii 13ubo1q [B3ilnObi 1.6111 lovol 1.6(111.6 bomuaomq EW

iuo-oaJsflq

auo-3.6dq n&iixoM bolDoll.6 ovEff .6m onomo1omq 2.U 3.6(11 'ii1idkoq odi 1.6 iniri oldisT

blorl llim.6i n.63ixoM omodw ono 1no offI i 8 '(ioo1.6D .ii3o1qi331 WOTIEII diiw fIOi1EiiO3nE ni

obEli '1iubni-.61iinI .Iovol I odi 1.6 1inisiuini o ob 'or11 bnE iuo-3.6rfq iol noilEfthlqxo omo

ioi 3111 diiw obEn 'i1ubni-Emini iovowod ;((U)TIHM) 1nflini Jon i Eo1.61 boiinU odi diiw

1n0i3111003 ir11 lb ni oviiioq odT .Iovol I odi 1.6 omiJomo i ((WO$i)TIHM) bhow odi lb

mowok dliw bo1thoo2E i bliow odi lo iom 3111 rliiw obismi 1Jwbni-.6mini n.63ixoM mois1 1.6111 2OiIqfni

-tioqmi 10 dinii lo 2Iois3ibni noii cf ion m 2I111BJ n3ix3M iBrIi i noiisn1qx ir1i ilhiw bflizoA !?L

-floqrni 1noi3ibE1J bn 'O8QI rfJ ni rrno1i vinhx3 1ooibnu o3ix3M .11iii 2.U aiiini nui3qmo

.3iu13u1i 11i-ii 1von bith3o 3111 niin3m31qmi b 3orq r11 iii 3z)n3uflni o1 3v&1 'Bffl ai5I3bni nibqmO

Page 22: I4BEI IiPiOKKIMO &VbEK 2E!flE2 - Columbia Universitydrd28/Kowalczyk_Davis.pdf(13fl1JO3 iliw 3v611 116 3vxin3)ni 01 f1331w2 23o1d niolol £ ('d3I3th) 11s1 .duh 'dT wod2 o216 36111 Ii

riJ nflo ol b3iww o3ixM isrli 3d bluo3 2ith iol noi1nfLqx3 3n0 .1uo-&fq ATIAT4 rnix3M

nA .2i3uboq 3r{1 lii b3v-Iov-ni iiiwbni iol 3fli b3linU 3th rliiw 3bii i1 moil iqmi 2.U l3wok boiiob 3virL m biinU 3ffl ifi 2i noiiI3n1qxo Idi21rnIq iom bilE 3viiBm31L6

b3iinU iiT .bhow 3111 1o ii iit dhiw 13vinixo bi1 o3ix3M lull J3ubrnq iol 1uo-32Effq

il1Em biirll mcnl io oDix3M rnoil aIi i1ir1 213uboq m33ix3M lull 'l3b d3i3di bluow 231E12

13wo12 '1qmi Inul nl bluow idli b3muaI3 313w ii3o1qi331 woiisn II .1Bi blinU 3(11 01

.l3ubo1q a31ll iol 2luo-&lq rI&ix3M

3(11 l3bi2no3 w aluo-3asclq o3ix3M &n3rJflni onBl 2.TJ i&fl31iw lMfriuI 3lIilvni oT

nB3ix3M bni 2.U ni .slEb 1l ni hlnuo3 owl 3111 io nomrno 31E lull hog31 liib- il-owl d moldoiq fl rl3o1qqE w nisisd ATIAM 3111 ilk b3nimi3i3b 'llnio1 31B luo-3Effq

to dmun i no thJo-u1q n&ix3M niii moil al1u5i thoq5i 1diT .251zup 3E31

3(11 lo I 3l moil (ITUOU) luo-3dq 2.U 1o 3u11w b3J3ib3lq on I gnibul3ni aoldEhEv

bolzoqxo ofil ffliw brii 'IlnBDiuingi iolno 2nJo-oaEdq 2U lull lovoi oldEl ouT .ouibo3oIq

niw 3 o3lB3 ô? oms o1 I iol luo-oEnlq .2.U iol aJluoi uooI6nE floqo1 ô oIthT

1uo-ou1q a'o3ix3M lo ouIEv bol3ib3q orli no inOi3ffi303 ouT .iriomuilni E 1LJo-3Bf1q 'o3ixoM

null ioIthm i 3lErnIilo JrIoi3flh3o3 oili olA .noiJE3fli30q ono ni lniflingi '1no i (ITUOaM)

.(TflJOqTJ) Juo-ou1q 'olEl bolinU 3111 lo ouIv bol3ibolq onfi 3IEmuio Inoi3ffioo3 onlI

2.U no nhod oJ 3vEnl Iuo-oEnfq nE3ixoM lull lou JIu2o1 o3ffi iouflool b3w3iV

JE i 2lzJo-oEn1q lihEl 01 130q251 nlliw 'n3oqi331 lull o1E lou onfT .BI0V 33W nuli luo-oEffq

lo r1lnol bnE lovol IlnEl i3ubolq noowlod Anil ovi1ioq bol3oqxo 0th a)l31d jrluJ ni iufT .how

-03 01 noqquf lovol 'iub thiiini '3hInuo3 orli oInu ifiBqi3il1q 3(11 b ono iol boiioq iuo-oEn1q

.rrlonEq lEIu3!l-lEq (iov £ nk lovil!2oq '(1EV

Jovol iiib-8 3(11 lB 'li3o1qizo1 iol ohoo1E3 iiib- nomnno onli 1thni1 oJs!i23vrn oW

Ii 'Ino oDnEbloDno3 £ E l3ubolq £ bio351 3W oi,rlw 3110 oviul3xo ns :o1ubo3oq owl wollol bilE

0(10 3VitJ13fIi fIB bns ;l3ubolq 3(11 iol obo3 liib-8 Iilnobi iil aoluboui3 lihEl 'onlnuo3 rfJod

01 iuo-oBn1q bilE 'iub Iiib- 2(1inuo3 3110 nis 11S3 ow oiodw 13ubo1q li1 in1i 01 bbE ow oionlw

nioiisf 3T103 b1oi' cfDBoIqqB oviul3xo orIT .3hog31s3 iiib-8 nibnoqorro3 '(Ilnuo3 iocfio onfl

Page 23: I4BEI IiPiOKKIMO &VbEK 2E!flE2 - Columbia Universitydrd28/Kowalczyk_Davis.pdf(13fl1JO3 iliw 3v611 116 3vxin3)ni 01 f1331w2 23o1d niolol £ ('d3I3th) 11s1 .duh 'dT wod2 o216 36111 Ii

.'J3viio3qi I 4.O brm UO lo TUOqU bnE TUO3IM n3owl3d bnE TEIM bn TUOEIM riwd bni E.O lo 3IdBi1v lo 21i1q 3ms rIi iol n3i3ffbo3 noiiEf3no iLqmi d3BolqqJ3 3viul3ni 3IiT

.I .0 f no i T2U bn TEIM nwd noin15r1o3 3d1 jf3Boiqqi3 l3rDi3 ioT .V.0

niffiId3 it iqm3fl n w if1 idi wiv th o J-loqqua mo bn3I nibni1 adT IEHJ oth fT .noiithiog3rI 3rD 1I '1i3o1qi1 ioiio tigib-8 nithiw .o.i wonn

eJuo-dq 01 bv3I 11Fiit rnoil i113 mono h$üiiJoq 13313b o ilu3iflib ii 3)BfI ff63 fII613VE

.sJi3o1qi331 WO6fl 10 2n! at 113w

noiiJbfloD .i

.lx3tno3 IJiin5I315Iq bnB liis1ii1um £ dod ni 21uo-o&fq T1h61 b3uib 1ri iqiq ir1T

-31J113w 3d ol thrl3i 11hi lo noiioqib 3rD ni3ub31 nth 3Iinorn3b 31uis3ii1 163i131o3r11 3rIT

\3n3bn31 bn&1 ifJo od no aworf noi13ub31 11h63 2.U no how IEDhiqmEI .nivoiqmi

.'(Io3rLr molt b3ilqmi 3d bluow rmdi Iwok iom io L 'd 1ii 11i161 rLii1 ni3ub31 thmwoi

3i61 b3linU 3rD nwic1 iuo-o&fq 11i161 b331B 3rD lo nOi16gz13vrn (thfILfrIiL51q (I3V £ fIll

iub-i1irl iol gnol od 01 bn3l 1uo-acufq 2.U ili 3Dn3biv3 I3rIruJI bnfl w AT'{AM ni o3ix3M bnis

Jiork o3ubrli 'm L3nruq n33w13d 3bBii i1ubni-B1ini i&fi o216 bnil 3W .iiooiio i3ubolq

fliui wo1 biuo3 3iflrluo3 3biiuo thiw 3b611 'ci1ubni-nni a'i3dm3m £ oliriw a1uo-3Er1q

.noii6nimil3

orfi 16 16oI 1r nOiJDoiOlq nioixoM d boni6lqxo od 01 mo ion ob iiio-odq 11iiii rI63ixoM

bol6IonoD 316 orf 3 iidi bsoini bnfl OW 3fl031&) J3ubolq lo iodri £ iol .1 ov1 DTI iiib-ovi1

orfi molt l6rfi briE \ii3o1qi331 lovol i3ubolq 3ffl0 123IJ 'm ir1T .Juo-o6dq 2.U fiiw

niniBido lo 3110 nibrnovo 3(13 riibu1rii 3IJ2i 131110 'nEfn IoJE11oon nE3ixoM lo 3vi33oq13q

3113 nEfli 1nonq iorlgirl fI3V! 313W 210df1i3fl frIorfrIoM ii rDiw oiiifljl ifiOrl orD ni obf31i 0311

.luo 2oxiub 32611q ol won lo noii3up

33Eii3VfIi 01 gnu11Ei 36 Eq iii1 £ '1no i ioqq ii1i 16(11 fIiE6 O1i OW o1on lEnil £ th

2noiisimuI 1J0fl32 'nsm srf b3ino31q S i1Ens OnIT .nini616d 11i161 lo 31ui631 Is3niqmo

1311163 JErli EJEb iiwbni bobul3ni Jon bilE Elab obsn no '13viul3x3 b32u3o1 OVEn OW lEnD gnibul3ni

Page 24: I4BEI IiPiOKKIMO &VbEK 2E!flE2 - Columbia Universitydrd28/Kowalczyk_Davis.pdf(13fl1JO3 iliw 3v611 116 3vxin3)ni 01 f1331w2 23o1d niolol £ ('d3I3th) 11s1 .duh 'dT wod2 o216 36111 Ii

pcjbjpj iu cxbjnurn btocciow

couwprnioin ou bojipcj ccouomA poip fpCoLcfJcJ miq BAG jonuq o pc borcujnjjA

35

Page 25: I4BEI IiPiOKKIMO &VbEK 2E!flE2 - Columbia Universitydrd28/Kowalczyk_Davis.pdf(13fl1JO3 iliw 3v611 116 3vxin3)ni 01 f1331w2 23o1d niolol £ ('d3I3th) 11s1 .duh 'dT wod2 o216 36111 Ii

309191951

V1 oi,1 \o?t\o i1 2QQI .M 13hb11 4ioddA

.wu[)1 :bhdrnD

i'c \ck ifl31ThX \cX .EQQI .b3 ia1uth13BLH bmrfoi51 brie m'){ jto13brIA

.1rf2idW 1o'nJ3H :bJqmH ImH 3imono3d thnoig51 bn iqio3D ioiiH .EQQI .rnithoVI bn m){ noaiobnA

.1 -QI iurbbi1H bi&f 351 bnJ3 noibriA mX fiT .rioiiininI

rfi griiiub noiiiioqooD 111-lET thi3JEIiiLuM .BFQQI .1iEi .W rtdo$1 brIE oI'X jIwH nbhoW IEo51 3irrIorIoJ lo uiiuH thnoilEfrl .iA bB1T i9 !&ioi51 b rIoifl3frno1

.oM iqE .noiriU mouD lo noilErrnol r1J niiub rloinn3qooD IIi1BT IE1fl31itIuM .dEQQI

.omirri

i1T :gbi-idmED .c\o9L ioci1 .?.U 'o oto \ok V\ .8QI .J tic1o51 niwbtha

•q .T.I.M

luodEJ nu51-riorf bni briuo5l 'bonn3A rfi ru noi3noD b1irxU .VVQI .mio3IEM 3Isfl

.8M-I :V iiwouo \uI\o .3nbivH irth&T :i2oD irumiuLbA

i-i'k utD- ?.\3 o .imIoH .1 usiA brus .H ritibuT o1I3fl

.aniwH brIE w&I fisH 3iin3iT :11iID boow3iru

•q .T.I.M riT :biidrruiD .uci° .88Q1 .riaibgi1 iiEwzr1H

•q 'JiivinU noJ3nh :floJ33fIfl1 .A?k i\w'Y thoW uV IQQI

bilE ofM b 3miE1 nI .w3iv-i3vO nA :miiB1Eii1IuM bilE m2i1Enoi5I .EQQI

.R- jhsEruE bnivuA

.3Oia nibEIT LEnoi51 lo '1ilidEi brIE iiIEmiiqO .QQl .oIuoqoi' ioD brIE 3i1J bnoH

31Ei EIfIEvi'&Ifl3q 3fffIOflO3 lo irI3mrIBqU

.11J131J3 IlnJ3T 2'EbBnED :o3iorfD IB3iiIoq lo 13boM 3imono3 .VQi .bi&bi51 3VED

.OOE-8V :Q ooo lodEJ ruj51-i-iorf brIE brnio5i 'b3nn)I rfi ni noi onoD 1E1 b,iiriU .1VQl .H nrLo1 rfrfJ

Page 26: I4BEI IiPiOKKIMO &VbEK 2E!flE2 - Columbia Universitydrd28/Kowalczyk_Davis.pdf(13fl1JO3 iliw 3v611 116 3vxin3)ni 01 f1331w2 23o1d niolol £ ('d3I3th) 11s1 .duh 'dT wod2 o216 36111 Ii

.O4-E : tV\o co\. .ioD 1nmiujbA

:oE3idD .oiiiiO \ w1 T\I .OVQI .dinn)I mi$G

•21q oirfD b 'iiivinU 1thin31131 bn 2noi1th1oM bE1T 1B1liu!uM .4QQ1 .rrxi .M Jicfo5i brIB .V nsIA 1hobiaU

üiT \coS i X o'V \ ru .i rngnurnA nibB1T

r1sJff3iM lo iiivinU riT :iothA curiA 28-Vs rn .M tido5I brie ThobicU .V nt1A .b

.iwThX \o51 u owiü c&A .€QQI .b sinT brui'riA bn rniE1 o1M U •1q iiiviriU bhdmD :bhdmiO

.iiinuoJ niqoIvU 10 aboqx rfi bn rioirioD lliisT TTAD .VQI .I&i3iM .1 13niI

:8 co\..

.1. nI .4TM 3r11 brr noiiiiIiiodiJ IB1iJIinU .V8I .ornIoH £Iu briB Jr13!M .t ini iA2wor13!O 1ibnA bn iniI I±iM

co k uo5% ¶iVV .V8QI .b b!2woff1O 1ibnA bn j&f3iM .1. 13niI

.IrmH bhoW rfT :J.U no1riirIW o1A wcV

cii cfljq rli brIE iiA iEJ flu 3oIa riY fi fluiE1D rIEqET. I .QQI .i111 bAnruiq

IiM briE IIrIE1I 'ff1& .b iuJ \i1 rü 2.\3 i\ •1q oE3irID lo iiivirxU :ogB3iffD .8-E i3IffEA

vdT iA :zo1H nibE1T ItinnuinoD .QQI .iW nu1-n&1 brIE riii oim i11& 1!fIs1I

IE £irnolil13D lo 1iaiviriU 2nfrIOnO3 10 tnfntIEq3G ¶IEiuisM-1qu io huiuiE4

(88 .oM 1qE ribhoW $H81i4 lo noiiv5i) .omiM

lo iu3 A :gnErfD 1IhBT ruivoiqmI 51E113W .8QI .miN oobmE4 briE irfBsT EmirLuAu1

.88E-F28E :à zic?i Vo \iwio\.. .iitnuoD briE thooD riBM

.lliH-wE1D3M :AioY woT4 .noiiib bn .cI1 i\\oü-ii\iZ .QQI .M b1M13i51 irIb1EO

11iisT rio nmiA IE1nO rIi oi floi3zA lo rrnT lo J00301q 3nrIA rIT .QQI .TTA[)

.TTAD :iwriD .3bEIT brIE

.3bE1T bnB 11iiT no inrrioiA IE1n3D rf1 oJ 1ooloi 'Eup1oT r1T .IQI

Page 27: I4BEI IiPiOKKIMO &VbEK 2E!flE2 - Columbia Universitydrd28/Kowalczyk_Davis.pdf(13fl1JO3 iliw 3v611 116 3vxin3)ni 01 f1331w2 23o1d niolol £ ('d3I3th) 11s1 .duh 'dT wod2 o216 36111 Ii

C ruq 1CtLA cpotr JÔÔ Yft3J gcAJq qruou

V ip BflL1L/0UP FT W'PP2P'

J�opcu E io '1\ )cx circ cicc D ocsc) couq qwo'rETIJGL uq vuqLc1 OJp01i cq Q-

HUqJ BLJW I8V D!UCLGIJ1 uq Ai0LC JA0UIpJC ILC1UJCIJ1 -- ruq QLqfffW01F I y pcpc

oqy C%C2 :HCJJC!UCL 0K JÔ IP b0ll1!CI ECOIJOIJJA O cuq LL!U. frnc1rJLc: VU VII JJ1!A

prJATLOUUJCUr Dcb4mcuf 0 EC0U0JC jnLqfrG fl1JTACLTIA VI!mG0

HAUJU [0IY J5 O'J IP C0UdIIUCC2 0J CCCIJ1 CPI !'J IJJG Q0pJ jLqJIJ

Jt' C0U10 pjoLq o\ ciuorci cocuc% o: 2O-2 ii

HU J rI2f10 uq JIP' 1P!T I1P' E1IGCI 0] j9LJ I{1G J{cqnclJOu2 113

JuconAcL: fluTAcLJfA 0 B'41!P C0Ifl1P!

H"4 A1CJJG I4 X C-Ci -X'- '\AOfl020132

0\W1\ 3)Si\ cicc cw MM A0LJC: opu jijcA uq

OLflPGI HGLPCLI wq bCL y joAq sic c.1 csiic

BflLfl 01 pCOUOUJIC I�C2CILCP J0LJC1IJ JbGL J,0 DGCCUJPGL

QL02UJUe c11 -q EIP13 HJbmU J3' JJJ bOJJIIC2 0 JLC jLq VLCCUJCuI2 J.41J0U1

i�'"'i oj pc flmrJL? joriuq o jn1JJLJ jLq wop9iiou' QcucA: QvJ.___________• Jô't• JJJLJCC1 CCC2 J0L ooq uq 2CLAiC OACLA!GM o 1JJ KGflJ1 ip

GVLU

___________• TX bLOIOCOJ 10 IPG QGUCLJ VLGGWGU1 013 JJUJ ruq jLqc (3cucA:

0V1J__________• JQ OGIJG/1 bLOIOCOJ 10 IPG Q!JGL9J VLCGUJG1JI 013 J1LJjI uq juqc QcuGA:

QuM: rjj___________• IÔQ5 bL010C0I uJpoqAJu IJJC 1{GJ1J12 0 IIJG J ÔQO- J Q J JL!J COUICLCUCC

GA: QyJj.

Page 28: I4BEI IiPiOKKIMO &VbEK 2E!flE2 - Columbia Universitydrd28/Kowalczyk_Davis.pdf(13fl1JO3 iliw 3v611 116 3vxin3)ni 01 f1331w2 23o1d niolol £ ('d3I3th) 11s1 .duh 'dT wod2 o216 36111 Ii

u!uq UcLJA g-__________• gcJOUq!2m AL2fl2 JUJf!JLJJ2UJ: VIJjAICJ WOfG pJ TUJq© cjo mq

B'IC!A: c' -t Ku C!f:

__________• jjp jpc joi jotq hLCG jLqc oU2 ju jcqcuq JC2CLJ pJuJc o }(U2

jpuu HIbw9u flJq JSTU -3 ljr2: jpc J/'ILL bL

}(U1IJJ1J b'I TTT I B!JLI!2W Bq %1O1\ SIçc SK SK\ \O\C) q3OT3TX

yoicsAje C12fCIJ IJqJOUJ 21Q2fLQUY Jf UUJIJ QJJ JIUO qJC COL vc OCci QJ

//OLpU bbCL J,O OCf0PL

__________• JØ ACJIJLC uq CrIOUJ flUIOU2 I41fiOIJJ BflLII O ECOUOLU!C GGLC

:K0MJ1cxA1e CGU jLqc MGOJ!OIJ2 1Jq fiOLJ /GIJcLG COUtC

cciccn zci o\ OMC2 53: Ø-g3

KGUUU 1opu ruq jçAuouq g!cuJw TôO übiuij ju pdnrJJpLi M'P Ciou nuiou

oLuJflou o flOUJ2 flU10u2 cuoci cocc2 Q:Kcwb J,jfJLUL? uq HGU1 K yU JÔQ VU EIGWd11fL bL0b0Tf!0U C0UCCW!U fIJG

\/uJ2fGLqIu: OLfp-flOjjnJq bnpppTu COWbJ

__________• JQ \f °ITiII

KQuJb tjrnuA c Tor 1\ '' JGMooq cJ!U: bu!cc-

'coonc ciotv jpiLq qrow jnj: NQ21 ipjipTu COmbIJA

1I011 10PU //i!1J! I D' Jq 1cfJflJ 0 2?IC 1L %S1\ O9OO!1cI2oue 1°P' cmJI4q y: uJc vu.. bL2JJJC JUAGmf!OUj IAIouGWLA uq

JJJWJfOJJJ AOUCLA yrnq VJflCO o\ S9,tC2 piuou Dc:JUCOU D.C.: J!JPflf OL JuUJTOUJ ECOUOIJJ1C

Page 29: I4BEI IiPiOKKIMO &VbEK 2E!flE2 - Columbia Universitydrd28/Kowalczyk_Davis.pdf(13fl1JO3 iliw 3v611 116 3vxin3)ni 01 f1331w2 23o1d niolol £ ('d3I3th) 11s1 .duh 'dT wod2 o216 36111 Ii

JPCJJLqOIJe AILIIJ iaai JL!IJ GAGUTJC C0WbCf!f0U !IJ JLGC juiqc yLCJ

bLCC ELUC1 if I Ô.MY AIJ!UOU DC: jC L0OJUU2 JJJ2TtfI1IOW

Tô v E2 iu pc jpcoLA o oc.uci owccj cooT r'xm: ga-

o-' IAPCPTPILO J3 JLfqC uJq JLC HJ QCIJCLJ Edfl!PPL!11W vo a:

b4UUU OWC

/O$\ .K1c 3).c1c j3 //JJT134O1J DC: fluTlCq QOACLHWCUI

o4p-0JJq W'PI!PT C0WbUA

M!2PI J(2pJ• J3 c• vmLquJ:im ia xssccic ouqoL1: flIJ!/Lii? bLC2

aT: a-oil0PU Uq EACH JtSICCJU Ia8T tAJ1LC EU.CC( W C(IOI flUIOU tOOIK

gJcpJLq BJCNJFLf Cq 5ô-3

CJJJU IOPW Taa3 DOC J CJOIJJ iuM'°u LO2QL ObCU JLqCS JJJ RAW vIJqcI2oIJ uq

MCO1I0IJ DLfUJCIU O ECOHOIJJTC flUIACI2JfA O /AUJ OIf40 IAIJWCO

nqcuJf goqLICA Taa Ou flJC MIflG O LLCICLCIJ1WJ L1C VLCCWCIU2 11J V'TIIJf!JCLJ

CG o JHLC jmbol4cq Iuicuucq! ubn ccrn coionc in g:

'obc jçwiou rnq uiuq JunJAT TÔ5 O'J fC jpCoLA oj bICccWcI Jru JcoL.uJ: jpc

Ifl\ cconuc : JJ-FibCA jçcpq uq KCJAJJJ FIJCCL TaQ-2 JJJG QCIJCLJ JJJCOLA O Ccouq-c

ECOUOIBTC 1JOL flUJACJ2IA IIJJCO

fCAA bJJIjth Jaa3 V b01i!CJI ECOHOWA yIJJAJ OJJLCC jLqc VLLLJCWGIJf DCbT4WCIJf O

pJqf1LJC2 f0UJ BnLCIJ °T. ECOUOUJIC JC2GLCJJ J0LJCTU JbCL M° taa injA

FCC OTJ-Jp uq bPlIIth 2MF I aar J)iC BLLIC12 Juq LqC L1°" CLO2 COnIUI4C iiq

EIJJCL mq vTJqLC1 OIP°'K!

[jqa uq VJCXJIJqCL A12 Tg3 JOUJJflR -- uq COWBPCf!O1J p

Page 30: I4BEI IiPiOKKIMO &VbEK 2E!flE2 - Columbia Universitydrd28/Kowalczyk_Davis.pdf(13fl1JO3 iliw 3v611 116 3vxin3)ni 01 f1331w2 23o1d niolol £ ('d3I3th) 11s1 .duh 'dT wod2 o216 36111 Ii

yo 'ccn sic twc pTJiqcJbpi: MoI4p uJcucuwrpJ!p!u CombA

JoLJq jLJG OLu!Ou cc oc cic%bLIUCOU flIJJAGL2TA bLC2

JJUJMJ1JJ GJJpCW oci c1o otuç \OOW bLJuccfou:

jJJcox cJir cic J.4CM )oLJc: AjTCUJIflIJ

JIJ1GUJfJOIJj bC1CC

A!UCLe COJY Jy 3c Cj%2tM2 t' j4cii joLjc: jpc UOMJJJU1 OL

[\° cUp!q: flIJTAL2!A bLC2

__________• o\xo ccic Ac°'o\ocMnc2 8: T3-N

MUCJC LOCA JQf fluJjJGLJ jLqc j'ipcLJ!Wou rnJq QIopJ joq Jucomc__________• C°'°W) JO-F w" xoLJc: uuq ,jiou

2!!CT b1bCL 2L!C IAI MO• J�' 3

flu!cq J4UioIJ JTCI oWC JQ fIJqLq Jut tTOIJJJ jL1Q CI!UCt!0U I�GA!JOU 3

pcououJctuc o Imbor4 bopcA \ouIc owcc ccM oi: J-woLLGUGLe DU!GJ JLc1 FJpCLJJ!SfTOIJ uq tJJC jPC0LA 0J EUq01J011 bLotcqou: vu

T5Y AOJflUJG J otoIJ: }(JIIMCL M uq JJJXtTOU hnPJ!PCL

2/L jcLuc cq yt yc% (jg-bPD D! Gi0IJ Dcb4mut O ECOIJOUJ!C flUJAI2it) O C1J!1OLJ1 U BLJCCJG

2fCW ELUCtO jpc JAcJILc jmbjcpou o VAWWGt1JC jLqJu BI0C CPbtGL 5

2uuJu 1J4 ouJuJu ju imc q jo uq uiuq uuA g-gOL pJtCW!OiJij ECOUO!JJC

cpott 3 cI "j piutou DC: UJc Iut!tqLou uq JCJ(flL2t

KO2JL uGqcL J3 JçG!OLJ9J JUfLJtJOIJ VLCUJIJt uq AJf1JtiJtCLJ jcqc OLqGU iu J(AW

£COWC JH OLfJJCOUJ1IJ

Page 31: I4BEI IiPiOKKIMO &VbEK 2E!flE2 - Columbia Universitydrd28/Kowalczyk_Davis.pdf(13fl1JO3 iliw 3v611 116 3vxin3)ni 01 f1331w2 23o1d niolol £ ('d3I3th) 11s1 .duh 'dT wod2 o216 36111 Ii

2onLc: cIdnIf!ou2 pcq ou 1u1o cci sc uq nuucq iou (TasY

8 AJC JflCITJUU VI4ICI2 JX5 TJ TO3 55Aj1CJ1UC2 jLflJbOI4 pdnibar T410 358 0Q3

Q JurqcfnLcq ooq Ti55 45 J.8CPUJ!CJ IJfGq b0T T T T S 483 48 O.o5

4 V'"JJ1 A O!J h $100 1000 35 000

incj rnpLTcrn c 5o0 000 000

s ciiq UGUJJucqipjc 48 0Q0 03Q

BCILG2 wq jOpfCCO 844 T440 IO0

o ooq uq vuTmj 5o xoo 085

VH!mb0142 J8R 2Q4 J38

tAIRL 'IEbOfLL fl2J. fl2bOflL

VAGL JL!LL2 iuq pJG-Øn: ØAGLJJJ1 uq LOL J-D! 2LLC CoqG

LaPIG J

Page 32: I4BEI IiPiOKKIMO &VbEK 2E!flE2 - Columbia Universitydrd28/Kowalczyk_Davis.pdf(13fl1JO3 iliw 3v611 116 3vxin3)ni 01 f1331w2 23o1d niolol £ ('d3I3th) 11s1 .duh 'dT wod2 o216 36111 Ii

IAI J0L fl2 flJ10f1JJ0f1fqU IPC 2!1111 A4JC 0L jGXJC0

= nvi(v) \ [n2x(ii) + fl2VJ(i?)]

fl iwboi. L0w jcxTco LcjJA o ioq fl

= n2x(IATE) \ [nx(iA) + n'I(JA)1

fl2 cxboi.i o cxico LcJ1TA o fl iqc

= {n2x(D + Ji) - In2X(D - nav'I(!)I}\[n2x(i) + n2)]n2ILL(D: i.npcj-joAq OL fl JuL-iuqrIA fLG M!qJ LGJOU 1

n2IAI(1Y nai(D fl2I(!): imbou LOUJ LTO1J 1

n2xflY nx(!Y n2x(D: cxbor o LcJ0U 1

J0L 1 = ACXIC0 I�Gf 0 /J0LJq 01. J0Lq:

flJ: iuuij q MfJoLcw wu uric iu fC fl

fl2bOfli: UflWGL Ac12 P0LG pcc !2 ccpq !u qJc fl

(ju ip cuJbJucJ /1OLJ( 1J '-'PJ fPC -q! 2LLC c0qc)

fI °L jLipJ6LPI6

30

Page 33: I4BEI IiPiOKKIMO &VbEK 2E!flE2 - Columbia Universitydrd28/Kowalczyk_Davis.pdf(13fl1JO3 iliw 3v611 116 3vxin3)ni 01 f1331w2 23o1d niolol £ ('d3I3th) 11s1 .duh 'dT wod2 o216 36111 Ii

= yqThcq i� = or-2f!2f!C -JQQ

CLLOL (Ø) (Tot)COI!C!GUf -T8 t5fT**

= jqThcq j� =

-og -oi -ottuqqcao (Jg) (jj) (jj) (Too)

COCUJC!GUf -OQ tOQ**

WIWPGL ojopcIJiou: T

Euqouo AupJ: neonj rn coLA

= oT vq1''q i� = oO

OQ Q3J

mqtq GLLOL (o) (3t)COUC!U1 038

J�5 = O3Q yq1rircq =

-fJC 3TT -5TQ

WJJq9Lq CLLOL (0QJ) () (oQ) (oxt)

COCU!C!CU1

WJJJJPQL O Op2A!O1J:

uqouonAIUpC: n2IonI i1 ccouc

C fl2LL fl2ILLI4E fl2ILLIOM

DII L0flC CG0L6ELLGC4 0J fl JIJL!I IJq JLqG 011 fl hpG-Ofl CL0 2-

JJ6

Page 34: I4BEI IiPiOKKIMO &VbEK 2E!flE2 - Columbia Universitydrd28/Kowalczyk_Davis.pdf(13fl1JO3 iliw 3v611 116 3vxin3)ni 01 f1331w2 23o1d niolol £ ('d3I3th) 11s1 .duh 'dT wod2 o216 36111 Ii

= otx yq1nfcq i� =otTJ

ruqLq GaoL (o58) (QRT)

c0qJCGU -OO

= ot q1ncq i� =oti

uq9Lq GLLOL (oQ8) (Q•) (o•o) (o•Q)

COUC!CUf -OXI -058 OO

J4J"IWpCL o opGL/Jou: J

IJqOGIJOrJ AucpJc: fl2bOfLL !U CGOLA

= O3Q vq1"q J� =-f1TC -085

uqq GLLOL (oi) (Jr4)COUJC!GIU

= qnrcq I� =-IfIIC 0 3 -0 J 3 -J T

IJqLq cao (Tx) (TQ8t) (TR)

C0CU.!C!u1 O -O.J TQ

WflWPQL OJ opcLMIpOIJ:

EIJqOGIJOfI MfrnlpJc: flQf1j JU C&COQ Q

Page 35: I4BEI IiPiOKKIMO &VbEK 2E!flE2 - Columbia Universitydrd28/Kowalczyk_Davis.pdf(13fl1JO3 iliw 3v611 116 3vxin3)ni 01 f1331w2 23o1d niolol £ ('d3I3th) 11s1 .duh 'dT wod2 o216 36111 Ii

* GUfG2 2!rnjCUc 9T jC/CJ ** qGUOG 2JLJJUCIJCG 1 J

= yqThcq j =

0T0

nqtq LLOL (oQ) (gg)o.Jo

= OtQ q)riq =508 I 88 -OQ

(J3) (8RQ) (T) (t)coquc!cu1 IQTQ -QT**

J4flWCL OT OpCLMWoIJ: 3Q

110UOfl2 fl4pJ: fl2bOfll JU CUCOL) g

Page 36: I4BEI IiPiOKKIMO &VbEK 2E!flE2 - Columbia Universitydrd28/Kowalczyk_Davis.pdf(13fl1JO3 iliw 3v611 116 3vxin3)ni 01 f1331w2 23o1d niolol £ ('d3I3th) 11s1 .duh 'dT wod2 o216 36111 Ii

* qcuo !rntjc91Jcc i JGAGJ ** GIJOf2 IJUJC1JCC Jf J JGAGJ

4flWG12 rn bcufpcc2 n.c wIJqI.q caot -iic pq pcjoit

J4fIUJCLoopcLpou: j jjq1cicq oo OO 0T8 0T8

035 OT 0JÔ

I •ô

(i)383

503

(o) (o)

O(T) (T3) (Tt)

AIErLL(fl2) 0Q8 -010

(ooQ) (w) (x) ()IAIRL f** tI8** t8**3.It

(t) (rfl) (T.3) (T•3Q)

C -R** J** IO**

UOUOfl2 AupJc: Jt'IEbOflJ. !u cUQoLA g

D! LOflC !U C6OL

EU,6C O j1JGXCO IUL!LL2 uq IJu1-uqnLA. JuJqG OH J,GXCO bP6-Oflt LOL

L"PJ6

Page 37: I4BEI IiPiOKKIMO &VbEK 2E!flE2 - Columbia Universitydrd28/Kowalczyk_Davis.pdf(13fl1JO3 iliw 3v611 116 3vxin3)ni 01 f1331w2 23o1d niolol £ ('d3I3th) 11s1 .duh 'dT wod2 o216 36111 Ii

* qcuoc iuijcucc ** qcuo JuJcucc j c JGAJ

wore: nmpci2 iu tmqtq COL2 -2TfJC2 ac jicq pcjom

4flWPCL oj op2QLAJoU:

yqnqJ ox O.U

O5t OT Ot 031

0R8

(ion) ()n2xr(14E)

J•3 J.g(oQ)

IAIEIATJ'(fl2) 30Q

5R8

(oQ) (o3f) (ot) (oQ)

fl2bOflJJi 0Q8** OQ** Oct** OQ**

T15 0Ô1 JOt Oà(ixx) (Jt) (T.fl) (J.xx)

I"IEJU(n2)

05J OJ Of(x) (nt) (n) (nQ)

AIRL QO 588 QTQ

T5T TQà

() (siT) (s) (jg)C

EUqoUo iupJ: vTEbonL OL COUJUJOU CfOLJ2

O"t IULflWGUO-G KGLG!OIJ O J/GqCO bPG-Oflf iip tJJG flurGq bP"6-

JPIG

Page 38: I4BEI IiPiOKKIMO &VbEK 2E!flE2 - Columbia Universitydrd28/Kowalczyk_Davis.pdf(13fl1JO3 iliw 3v611 116 3vxin3)ni 01 f1331w2 23o1d niolol £ ('d3I3th) 11s1 .duh 'dT wod2 o216 36111 Ii

* qcuoc Juqjcucc ** quoi2TIJfljc1Jc 9i j JcAcJ

o: nwpci. rn bn.cIUpcc2 cLc tsuqmq CLLOL ic jicq pcjoi

WIIJJPCL oi, op2ciJTou:

q1ncqJ� ot oto ot oto

0.t 0t 0tQ 044

ITO 02(J•3) (J•5)

1tIEXF(fl2) TctT 085

T80

(88) ()fl2V'ff'(I"JE) -30* -43180 138 Jf8

(oo) (ox) (oQ) (o)lAffibOflib O* 011 03ô

-J3 TT

(J) (iJ't) (iJ) (iu)n2Incv\1E) 30* Jô3* -3R* -J'XX

53X 3T3

(3o) (r) (o) (n8)fl2.L 853 J188** à*

-04f -03X 008 -0(o4) (Tx) (i8o) (5o)

C 0J OQ OT -13Q

AupJc: fl2WflJ 1OL COWUJOIJ CCOU

ØfJ IULflWGU1

1o-rJ6 GLGJOU O 1116 flUUGq IJIG bJJVJG-Ofl 1141P GX!CO hJJG-

JpJ6 Q