i phone presentation jan linden gips

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VoIP on the iPhone – Imagine the Possibilities! Imagine the Possibilities! Jan Linden, VP of Engineering iPhone Developer Summit 20 October 2008

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Page 1: I Phone Presentation Jan Linden Gips

VoIP on the iPhone –Imagine the Possibilities!Imagine the Possibilities!

Jan Linden, VP of Engineering

iPhone Developer Summit 

20 October 2008

Page 2: I Phone Presentation Jan Linden Gips

Evolution of IP Voice and Video ProcessingProcessing

Advanced Mobile and Multimedia Capabilities

Solutions Designed Specifically for VoIP

PSTN Solutions Adapted for VoIP

Page 3: I Phone Presentation Jan Linden Gips

Mobile Market Trends

• Fixed Mobile Convergence– Mobile phone increasingly perceived as a computer

d d i h l ki hi• Advanced operating systems such as Apple OSX are making this a reality

– Users expect to access the same applications available across multiple platformsplatforms

• Increased accessibility and affordabilityk d d l– Network operators are introducing new pricing models to 

encourage uptake of data driven services and applications• IP networks enable more cost effective transport

– Handset prices declining• iPhone 3G half the price of 1st Generation

Page 4: I Phone Presentation Jan Linden Gips

Mobile Technology Trends

• Migration from legacy cellular to next‐gen networks– Allows for faster data connection

• Growth of Smartphone adoption– iPhone and other dual‐mode phones provide greater flexibility in 

l bl kconnecting to available networks– All‐in‐one devices able to run multiple applications efficiently

• Consumers can place calls and receive data simultaneously

• Development of 3rd Party Applications– Operating systems, like the Apple OS X, more conducive to advanced 

3rd party applications – VoIP over mobile in high demand

Page 5: I Phone Presentation Jan Linden Gips

The iPhone as a VoIP Platform

• iPhone most VoIP friendly phone on market…– Open APIs for easy development– Sufficient CPU resources– Support of wideband codecs– Intuitive UI makes for simple navigation between applicationsp g pp– Demand for 3rd party apps is higher than other phones

• …but strengths present unique challenges– Running too many applications can drain resources– Usage scenarios can negatively impact voice quality

With the right voice processing software, developing VoIP applications is a cinch!

Page 6: I Phone Presentation Jan Linden Gips

Technology Challenges – Network Connections

• IP NetworksL t– Latency

– Jitter – Packet loss

• Wireless connections– Low signal strength– Interference from users in 

hbsame or neighboring frequencies

– Available bandwidth varies– Wi‐Fi access pointWi Fi access point 

bottlenecks

Page 7: I Phone Presentation Jan Linden Gips

Technology Challenges

• Device Limitations– Limited processing powerp g p– Battery life– Data intensive applications can 

cause jitter

• Mobile Environments– Tend to have excessive 

background noisebackground noise– Hands Free operation enhances 

acoustic echo

Page 8: I Phone Presentation Jan Linden Gips

Impact of IP Networks

Delay

Packet Loss

Network Jitter

Page 9: I Phone Presentation Jan Linden Gips

Impact of IP Networks – Latency

• Major effect is “stepping on each other’s talk”

• Usage scenario affects annoyance factor – higher delay can be tolerated for mobile devices

• Long delays make echo more annoying

Page 10: I Phone Presentation Jan Linden Gips

Sources of Latency

• Codec• Capture• Playout

A/DPre‐processing

Speech encoding

IP interfaceA/D

Pre‐Processing

Speech Encoding

IP InterfacePlayout

• Network delay• Jitter buffer

i i

g

Post‐Speech Jitter

IP Network

Post Speech Jitter

IP Network

• OS interaction• Transcoding

D/A processing

Speech decoding

Jitter bufferD/A

Post‐Processing

Speech Decoding

JitterButter

Page 11: I Phone Presentation Jan Linden Gips

Impact of Latency on Voice Quality

4

ore

2

3

Mea

n O

pini

on S

co

10 250 500 750

One-w ay transmission time [ms]

Data from ITU‐T G.114

• ITU‐T (G.114) recommends:– Less than 150 ms one‐way delay for most applications (up to 400 ms 

t bl i i l )acceptable in special cases)

• Users have got used to longer delays– Still, low delay very important for high quality

Page 12: I Phone Presentation Jan Linden Gips

Impact of IP Networks – Packet Loss and JitterJitter

• Packet Loss– Occurs due to flushed buffers in network nodes– Same effect if packets are too late to be used– Smooth concealment necessary

• Network Jitter– Transmission time differs for each packetTransmission time differs for each packet– Jitter buffer necessary to ensure continuous playout– Trade‐off between delay and quality

Page 13: I Phone Presentation Jan Linden Gips

Technology Challenges – Mobile Environments

• Acoustic Echo– Speakerphone operation common for iPhones– Microphone and speaker close– High delay in VoIP makes echo more prominent

• Background Noise– Environments inherently noisy– Usage scenarios can make 

differentiating between speech and noise difficultnoise difficult

Page 14: I Phone Presentation Jan Linden Gips

Technology Challenges – Devices

• Limited Resources– Size limits processing power– Battery life also limited

• VoIP Friendliness– Many smartphones limit access to 

soundcard– Device buffers add latencyy– Clock drift

• Too much of a Good Thing– Running too many applications can drain– Running too many applications can drain 

resources– Multiple applications accessing network 

can result in jitter j

Page 15: I Phone Presentation Jan Linden Gips

VoIP Design Considerations

Speech QualityQuality

CostTime to Market

Flexibility

Ease of Use

Cost

Signaling

InfrastructureyNetwork ImpairmentsPower C ti

Device Considerations

Features

Consumption

Page 16: I Phone Presentation Jan Linden Gips

Mobile VoIP Design Considerations

Hardware Issues

Coping with Network

Hardware Issues (Processor, OS, Acoustics, etc.)

Speech Codec

Network

Codec

Hardware

VoIP DesignChallenges

Coping with Network Degredation Power Consumption

Echo Cancellation Echo PowerEcho Cancellation

Additional Voice Processing Components

Environment – Background Noise, Room Acoustics, 

etc.

Echo

Voice Environmentg p Environment

Page 17: I Phone Presentation Jan Linden Gips

Speech Codec

Packet‐loss RobustnessComplexityComplexity

• Many conflicting parametersaffect choice of codec

MemoryDelay

affect choice of codec

• Determines upper limit of quality

Speech Codec

Input Signal

q y

• Support of several codecs necessary

Sampling R

Bit‐rate

Quality

Bit‐rate Input Signal Robutness– Interoperability

– Usage scenarioRateQuality

• IPR issues a significant concern

Page 18: I Phone Presentation Jan Linden Gips

Audio Bandwidth Effect on Quality

Quality

Std Wideband Speech

CD ‐Audio

GIPS Wideband Speech

GIPS Narrowband Speech

p(e.g. G.722.2)

Std Narrowband Speech Implementation (PSTN)

200 ‐ 3400 Hz

• Better than PSTN quality is achievable in VoIP

Frequency

4 kHz 6.4‐7.0 kHz3,4 22.1 kHz8 kHz

– Utilizing full 0 – 4 kHz band in narrowband– Wideband coding offers more natural and crispier voice

Page 19: I Phone Presentation Jan Linden Gips

Recommendations

• IP NetworksN d f d di t d b d idth if l ti i l d hi h– No need for dedicated bandwidth if solution includes high performance:• Bandwidth management• Robust codec framework

– Low latency achieved by efficient jitter buffer

• AudioHi h lit di i i l– High quality audio is crucial • Users expect the same quality they experience on the PC

• Optimized Solutionsp– Efficiency for ARM processors on iPhones– Reduce CPU constraint and increase battery life

Page 20: I Phone Presentation Jan Linden Gips

Recommendations

• Adaptive Jitter Buffer and PLC– Manage up to 30% packet loss– Manage up to 30% packet loss– Adapt to network busts and excessive mobile jitter

• Codecs Designed for IP Networksg– Work in tandem with jitter buffer to overcome packet loss– Can deliver Wideband experience– Robust and bit‐rate adaptive codecs necessary

• Efficient use of the total available bandwidth• Efficient use of the total available bandwidth• GIPS iLBC already in the iPhone, GIPS iSAC and other wideband codecs provide even better user experience

• Aggressive Voice Quality Enhancement– Detect and cancel background noise– Suppress acoustic echo

Page 21: I Phone Presentation Jan Linden Gips

Recommendations

• VoiceEngine Mobile for iPhone– Comprehensive package of voice processing components

– Handles delay, jitter, packet loss and mobile environments

– Optimized for iPhone and Smartphones

– Efficient solution reduces CPU demandsEfficient solution reduces CPU demands

– Flexible and easy to integrate