INTRO TO SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

FIRST PAGE OF JOURNAL DO ONE OF THISE FOR YOUR OWN NAME

Kind, usuallyActiveTenaciousIngeniousEnergetic

Homeroom Teaches name, Mrs. Stephens 7th grade science

Kind, sometimes

ActiveToo fastIndecisiveEnergetic

Homeroom Teaches name, Mrs. Stephens 7th grade science

SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL Guiding Questions w/ Listener

notes Directed Notes, Listener notes Observations/ Reflections Data Logs, Graphs/diagrams Brainstorming Writing to Learn Writing to Demonstrate Learning Evidence of Collaboration

FISHLearning to Ask Questions:

Notice (observe) Wonder (question)

Scientists Think • OBSERVE

• INFER

• COMPARE

• CONTRAST

• COMMUNICATE

• CLASSIFY

• PREDICT

• MEASURE

• ANALYZEANALYZE

• HYPOTHESIZE

• ORGANIZE

Which picture goes with which process skill and why?

ObserveSensory data

ORGANIZETo put in logical order

INFER

Using clues to draw conclusions about something that has already happened

COMPARETo look for similarities

ANALYZEANALYZETo look at the pieces of information and see how they fit together

COMMUNICATETo share information

CLASSIFYTo place into groups based on similarities

PREDICTTo guess what will happen in the future, usually based on observations

MEASURETo collect numerical data

CONTRASTTo see how things are different.

HYPOTHESISTo make a claim that something is going to happen in advance, based on research.

HANDOUT/GLUE IN

ASKING QUESTIONS

Some questions are scientific, some aren’t.

Non scientific questions

Scientific questions

What is the prettiest color?

Does the color of an object affect how much heat energy an object will absorb?

Does Miracle gro make the best tomatoes?

Does Miracle gro increase the number of tomatoes produced.

Intro to Science and Engineering Unit 1!

6.) August 27, 2014 Listener NotesObservations/demos/activities/reflections

If we were to do an experiment with tomato plants, what might we test? What could we change? First, what do plants even need?

A. “thinking strategies” and “science process skills” are alike because… and are different…

B. Scientific questions must be TESTABLE.

C. A scientific question might be….

INTRODUCTION TO SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

OVERVIEW SHEETVOCABULARY CARDS BASED ON VOCABULARY FROM THIS UNIT!

PICK 10 WORDS FROM WITHIN COLUMNS 1 OR 3 THAT ARE HARD FOR YOU TO REMEMBER!!!!!!!

SCIENTIFIC QUESTIONS ARE TESTABLE

Does ______________________affect______________________?IIndependent DDependent

VVariable VVariable

one one thing that thing that you you changechange

What you What you measure/observemeasure/observe

I.V.I.V. D.V.D.V.

CAUSECAUSE EFFECTEFFECT

HYPOTHESIS =RESEARCHED HYPOTHESIS =RESEARCHED STATEMENT.STATEMENT.. .

If __________________________, then, ____________________ because_______.

one one thing that thing that you you changechange What you What you

measure/observemeasure/observe

I.V.I.V. D.V.D.V.

IIndependent VVariable

DDependent VVariable

reasoning

Background knowledge, background information, informal trials lead to ….

CAUSECAUSE EFFECTEFFECT

SCIENTIFIC QUESTIONS GO WITH THE HYPOTHESIS..

THEY SHOULD BE TALKING ABOUT THE SAME THING..

SQSQ IS A QUESTION AND HYPHYP IS A STATEMENT!!

Does ______________________affect______________________? IIndependent DDependent VVariable VVariable

I.V.I.V. D.V.D.V.

CAUSECAUSE EFFECTEFFECT

If __________________________, then, ________________ because_______. reason

IIndependent DDependent VVariable VVariable

SQ

HYP

“VARIABLES” IN A SCIENCE EXPERIMENT  

 Independent

VARIABLEDependent VARIABLE

CONTROLLEDVARIABLES

STANDARD OF COMPARISON

‘Control’

 

Cause

1 thing you changed on purpose.

Effect

What you measure and

observe.

Where you get your DATA.

Things that stay the same between the experimental group, and the control group. (test and control)

What the data is compared to, what

would happen normally without the change.

Experimental groupReceives the change

Control GroupDoes not receive the change. Standard of comparison

COME UP WITH A PLAN TO CONDUCT COME UP WITH A PLAN TO CONDUCT YOUR TEST!!! YOUR TEST!!!

What do you think you MUST do to make sure you are planning a ____________________________________________________________?Have ________________________________________(one thing changed)Make sure everything else everything else between the

_________and the _____________are ________.________. (controlled variablescontrolled variables)

Make sure you are _________ the ________________________!

COME UP WITH A PLAN TO CONDUCT COME UP WITH A PLAN TO CONDUCT YOUR TEST!!! YOUR TEST!!!

What do you think you MUST do to make sure you are planning a VALID science investigationVALID science investigation? Have only 1 independent variable- only 1 independent variable- (one thing changed) Make sure everything else everything else between the control and the

experiment are exactly the sameexactly the same. (controlled variables) Make sure you are answering the question you askedquestion you asked!

““FAIR TEST” is the same as a Valid Experiment FAIR TEST” is the same as a Valid Experiment and…and…Answer the question asked. question asked. Have only 1 independent variable.only 1 independent variable.Anything that might unintentionally affect outcome is controlled, (except for the Independent variable.)

What are Variables in a science experiment?Variables are anything that could change during an experiment!!

Independent VariableONLY ONE THING CHANGED

Dependent Variable Controlled Variables

What is tested by the scientists…

What is changed by the scientist…

(What I change…)

What is observed… What is measured… The effect The data (What do I measure…)

Things that COULD change but don’t because we kept them the SAME on purpose!

Allow for fair test.. (What stays the same!)

“THE Control”The control in an experiment is a duplicate setup of the experiment you are performing with everything identical except for the variable that you are testing. Or, it is how the experiment would happen naturally, without you doing anything.IT SHOULD BE THE STANDARD OF COMPARISON

DATAAll experiments require some sort of data to be observed, organized, All experiments require some sort of data to be observed, organized, and analyzed! and analyzed!

QUALITATIVE DATA= Descriptive wordsQUALITATIVE DATA= Descriptive words

QUANTITATIVE DATA = NumbersQUANTITATIVE DATA = Numbers

RELIABLE DATA RELIABLE DATA = REPEATED TRIALS Usually 5 trials is the MINIMUM…

When might 5 trials be too many? When might 5 trials not be enough?

What do you have to do with the data???? What do you have to do with the data???? ORGANIZE IT!! ( CHARTS, TABLES, GRAPHS)ANALYZE IT!!! What is the overall result?

PLANNING AND CARRYING OUT INVESTIGATIONSWrite notes on hand outs!

You are always, testing, experimenting, observing, researching, problem solving,

Always…always… always….

GLUE IN

“THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD”

SCIENTIFIC METHOD---is a set of processes that we do in order to figure things out

Even though we may do the steps in different orders, or use different processes, scientists DO communicate their results in similar formats…

LAB REPORTS/write-ups are organized very similarly all over the world!!!!

Lab ‘writeup’

Introduction, Problem &

Hypothesis

Materials & Methods

Results AND Analysis

Conclusion

Scientific experimentation

Ask a scientific questionscientific question!!!

Does ______________________affect______________________? IIndependent DDependent VVariable VVariable

After our research, and our initial observations we form a HYPOTHESISHYPOTHESIS

If __________________________, then, ____________________ because_________________________. I.V. D.V. REASONING

Background information!!

Introduction, Problem & Hypothesis

Scientific experimentation

Then we began to actually plan the investigation plan the investigation and we discovered a couple of things!!!1.We must include our materials and be specific.2.We had to write our step-by-stepstep-by-step procedures very carefully, and leave nothing out or the experiment couldn’t be repeated by someone else. 3.We had to do each trial the exact same way or it would mess us up!!

CONTROLLED VARIABLES!!CONTROLLED VARIABLES!!3. We had trouble measuring and observing, we needed a plan!

OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONSOPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS!!

Materials & Methods

1. Have only ONE ONE independent independent variable. variable.

2. Make sure all variables that could affect the outcome are controlled.

3. Make sure the test you design, answersanswers the scientific question you asked.

DESIGNING A VALIDVALID EXPERIMENT

IMPORTANT:All graphs must have a TITLE and the X-axis and the Y-axis MUST be labeled.

RESULTS AND ANALYSIS RESULTS AND ANALYSIS

Scientific experimentation

After collecting our data we will work to place our data in an easy to read GRAPH!

ANALYSIS ANALYSIS After we have our graph we use our math skills and our writing skills to write a paragraph to communicate what our data means! For Example: Analysis of the above data could read like the following:

After five trials testing the height the poppers reached on both hard and soft surfaces an average was determined. The average (mean) height for the poppers on the hard surface was 126 cm. The average height for the poppers on the soft surface was 64 cm. The range of these two data sets is 62 cm with the hard surface causing almost twice the amount of bounce as the soft surface.

All experiments must have RELIABLE DATARELIABLE DATA!!! 1.1.REPEATED TRIALS REPEATED TRIALS provide for

more reliable data. We should do a minimum of 5 trials each time we do an experiment.

2.2. The data has to go with the The data has to go with the question being asked and be question being asked and be CORRECT! CORRECT!

3.3.THE MORE TRIALS THE MORE THE MORE TRIALS THE MORE RELIABLE YOUR DATA IS!!! RELIABLE YOUR DATA IS!!!

Restates the hypothesis.Explains how and why the data supports/rejects the hypothesis. Discusses possible errors in methods/procedures or experimental design and explains how these errors could be avoided in the future. Describes connections to real world applications and Scientific knowledge using detail and scientific vocabulary.Identifies possible future investigations prompted by this experiment

ConclusionConclusion

Asking Questions: Why? How come? What if?

How might?

Planning and Carrying out Investigations

How do you plan a valid experiment?

Asking Questions, making them scientific questions.

What could change about the Diet Coke?

What could change about the mentos

We can only pick ONEONE thing to change or test!! Which one thing do you want to test???

Identify the variables in your experiment

ManipulatedIndependent Variable

RespondingDependent Variable

Controlled Variables

What is tested by the scientists…

What is changed by the scientist…

(What I change…)

What is observed… What is measured… The effect The data (What do I

measure…)

Things that COULD change the outcome but don’t because we kept them the SAME on purpose!

Allows for fair test.. (What stays the

same!)

DESIGNING A VALIDVALID EXPERIMENT

1. Have only ONE ONE Manipulated/independent Manipulated/independent variable. variable.

2. Make sure all variables that could affect the outcome are controlled.

3. Make sure the test you design, answersanswers the scientific question you asked.

All experiments must have RELIABLE DATARELIABLE DATA!!! 1.1.REPEATED TRIALS REPEATED TRIALS provide for more reliable data. We should do a minimum of 5 trials each time we do an experiment.

2.2. The data has to go with the question The data has to go with the question being asked and be CORRECT! being asked and be CORRECT!

3.3.THE MORE TRIALS THE MORE THE MORE TRIALS THE MORE RELIABLE YOUR DATA IS!!! RELIABLE YOUR DATA IS!!!