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2 Motion 3 Acceleration

REVIEW VOCABULARY

velocity

NEW VOCABULARY

acceleration

centripetal acceleration

MAIN IDEAWrite the Main Idea for this lesson.

Recall the definition of the Review Vocabulary term.

velocity

Use your book to define the terms below.

acceleration

centripetal acceleration

Analyze why we say an object is accelerating, when we usually mean that it is speeding up. An object that is slowing down also is accelerating.

Use a dictionary to define constant to its scientific meaning.

constant

ACADEMIC VOCABULARY

constant

4(A)

Science Notebook • Motion26

Program: TX HS Science Component: IPC SCI NTBKPDF PASS

Vendor: LASERWORDS Grade: N/A

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Analyze Label each of the four parts of the graph with either a plus sign, a minus sign, or a zero to indicate where the car’s acceleration is positive, negative, or zero.

• Describe the relationship between speed and acceleration as shown in your graph.

GET IT? Identify three ways that an object can accelerate.

Compare the results of applying the acceleration equation in the following two cases: (1) an object that goes from 0 to 10 m/s in 4 s, and (2) then goes from 10 m/s to 30 m/s in 8 s.

(1) a = (vf – vi)/t

= =

(2) a = (vf – vi )/t

= =

3 Acceleration (continued)

Student Edition, pp. 56–58

Reading Essentials, pp. 36–38

Velocity and Acceleration

Motion in Two

Dimensions




Speed Changing Over Time

41 2 3 10min98765Time

Spee

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Analyze why the SI unit of acceleration is m/s2.

Create a top view of an object moving in a circle at constant speed, such as a ball on a string. Show at least two positions of the object. At each position, draw an arrow for the object’s velocity and another arrow for the centripetal acceleration of the object.

GET IT? Define the term centripetal acceleration.



Circular Motion





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Model a ball thrown horizontally. Sketch the path of the ball and draw arrows showing its horizontal and vertical velocity at three points along the path. Vary the length of your arrows to show the magnitude of the velocities.



Projectile Motion

SYNTHESIZE ITDistinguish between average acceleration and instantaneous acceleration. Be sure to explain how the acceleration equation calculates average acceleration, instantaneous acceleration, or both.





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REVIEW IT !

25. MAINIDEA Describe the acceleration of your bicycle as you ride it from your home to the store.

26. Determine the change in velocity of a car that starts at rest and has a fi nal velocity of 20 m/s north.

27. Describe the motion of an object that has an acceleration of 0 m/s2.

28. Think Critically Suppose a car traveling in a straight line is accelerating so that its speed is increasing. First, describe the line that you would plot on a speed-time graph for the motion of the car. Then describe the line that you would plot on a distance-time graph.

29. Calculate Time A ball is dropped from a cliff and has an acceleration of 9.8 m/s2. How long will it take the ball to reach a speed of 24.5 m/s?

30 . Calculate Speed A sprinter leaves the starting blocks with an acceleration of 4.5 m/s2. What is the sprinter’s speed 2 s later?





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