“Plagiarism: Just Say 'No!!!!'”

“I get by with a little help from my friends,” The Beatles once sang (Lennon and McCartney).

BUT I DON'T STEAL FROM THEM!

Intrigued?

A NOTE ON MHS' POLICY ON PLAGIARISM:A NOTE ON MHS' POLICY ON PLAGIARISM:

Plagiarism is a serious offense and will result in severe consequences.  Not only is it cheating, it is a form of theft. Any time you take something written by another person, whether on the web, in a book or magazine, from lyrics, or anything not your own and you do not cite the author of that material, you have committed plagiarism. Plagiarism includes copying an outside (Internet, professional, artistic) source or another student's work, claiming one's entire or partial work or ideas as one's own, or noting work without proper citation. Plagiarism will initially result in an immediate zero until review by the English department committee to determine course of action.  That course of action may still result in a zero.

What is plagiarism?What is plagiarism? Using any information not common Using any information not common

knowledge from any source and not knowledge from any source and not giving proper credit through giving proper credit through citation defines plagiarism. You citation defines plagiarism. You must cite ideas and words not your must cite ideas and words not your own or…own or…

. . . face . . . face failurefailure of the of the assignment or possibly assignment or possibly

expulsion.expulsion.

As meme star Kimberly As meme star Kimberly Brown would say, Brown would say,

“Ain't nobody got time for “Ain't nobody got time for that” (qtd. in Thomas).that” (qtd. in Thomas).

So what is common So what is common knowledge?knowledge?

Items we as humans or Americans know to be true. Items we as humans or Americans know to be true. For example, we all know America fought the Germans, Japanese, and Italians For example, we all know America fought the Germans, Japanese, and Italians

during WWII.during WWII. Not so common knowledge: The Weimar Republic, which was what Germany Not so common knowledge: The Weimar Republic, which was what Germany

was called following WWI, fell into major economic depression due to was called following WWI, fell into major economic depression due to reparations the Germans were expected to pay to allies as a result of Germany reparations the Germans were expected to pay to allies as a result of Germany losing that war (“The Weimar Republic: The Fragility of Democracy”).losing that war (“The Weimar Republic: The Fragility of Democracy”).

So if I learned something in Science class because my teacher told me, is that So if I learned something in Science class because my teacher told me, is that common knowledge? NO. For example, if you learned Oxpeckers have a common knowledge? NO. For example, if you learned Oxpeckers have a mutual relationship with rhinos, that's NOT common knowledge. You either mutual relationship with rhinos, that's NOT common knowledge. You either have to mention this piece of info came from your teacher OR you find the info have to mention this piece of info came from your teacher OR you find the info somewhere and cite that source!!somewhere and cite that source!!

““10 Types of Plagiarism”10 Types of Plagiarism” http://www.plagiarism.org/resources/webcasts/http://www.plagiarism.org/resources/webcasts/

““The Problem With The Problem With Plagiarism”Plagiarism”

http://www.cbsnews.com/videos/the-http://www.cbsnews.com/videos/the-problem-with-plagiarism/problem-with-plagiarism/

What needs to be cited?What needs to be cited?1.1. Direct quotationsDirect quotations2.2. ParaphrasesParaphrases3.3. IDEASIDEAS4.4. GraphicsGraphics5.5. LyricsLyrics6.6. Anything that's not yoursAnything that's not yours7.7.

But quoting and paraphrasing can be tricky…

Let’s see how well you know how to quote and

paraphrase…

NOTE: The following examples on paraphrasing are inspired by Doing Honest Work in College by Charles Lipson.

““Suzie Snowflake spent most of her life as a Suzie Snowflake spent most of her life as a recluse in her home, but she occasionally recluse in her home, but she occasionally

ventured out to parties where she let her hair ventured out to parties where she let her hair down and danced on tables.” down and danced on tables.” (from a book by Cece Beebee)(from a book by Cece Beebee)

Suzie Snowflake spent most of Suzie Snowflake spent most of her life as a recluse. (no her life as a recluse. (no citation)citation)

Is this the proper way to cite?Is this the proper way to cite?

NoNo. Though the complete . Though the complete sentence isn't used, it's still sentence isn't used, it's still the Beebee’s idea and an the Beebee’s idea and an exact quote. It needs to be exact quote. It needs to be surrounded by quotation surrounded by quotation marks and cited.marks and cited.

““Suzie Snowflake spent most of her life as a Suzie Snowflake spent most of her life as a recluse in her home, but she occasionally recluse in her home, but she occasionally

ventured out to parties where she let her hair ventured out to parties where she let her hair down and danced on tables.” down and danced on tables.”

(from a book by Beebee)(from a book by Beebee) Suzie Snowflake passed most Suzie Snowflake passed most

of her life away as a hermit, of her life away as a hermit, but she sometimes went out to but she sometimes went out to parties and boogied down on parties and boogied down on tables (Beebee 12).tables (Beebee 12).

NoNo. While the words are not . While the words are not

exactlyexactly the authors, they are the authors, they are very similar, and the sentence very similar, and the sentence format is basically the same. format is basically the same.

““Suzie Snowflake spent most of her life as a Suzie Snowflake spent most of her life as a recluse in her home, but she occasionally recluse in her home, but she occasionally

ventured out to parties where she let her hair ventured out to parties where she let her hair down and danced on tables.” (from a book by down and danced on tables.” (from a book by

Cece Beebee) Cece Beebee)

Suzie Snowflake spent most of Suzie Snowflake spent most of her life as a recluse in her her life as a recluse in her home, but she occasionally home, but she occasionally ventured out to parties where ventured out to parties where she let her hair down and she let her hair down and danced on tables (Beebe 259).danced on tables (Beebe 259).

No. While this citesNo. While this cites the original source, it the original source, it steals exact wording, steals exact wording, which isn't which isn't surrounded by surrounded by quotation marks.quotation marks.

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MM'kay.

But what about quotes,

paraphrasing, and citing?

1.1. Direct quotesDirect quotes

If more than If more than 20 percent20 percent of your paper is of your paper is made up of quotes (which are basically made up of quotes (which are basically someone else's words), then that’s simply someone else's words), then that’s simply

tootoo much! You want your paper to much! You want your paper to represent represent your your writing. Using too many writing. Using too many quotes in a paper minimizes the writer’s quotes in a paper minimizes the writer’s voice.voice.

Proper citation for a direct quote (from Proper citation for a direct quote (from a book or publication with a byline) in a book or publication with a byline) in

your paper is as follows:your paper is as follows:

Example: Example: ““Suzie Snowflake spent most of her life as a Suzie Snowflake spent most of her life as a

recluse in her home, but she occasionally recluse in her home, but she occasionally ventured out to parties where she let her hair ventured out to parties where she let her hair down and danced on table” (Beebee 12). down and danced on table” (Beebee 12).

Author’s Last NameAuthor’s Last Name Page numberPage number

What do you do when you don’t have a page number-such as with What do you do when you don’t have a page number-such as with an internet source-to cite in parentheses?an internet source-to cite in parentheses?

You may then use You may then use the author's namethe author's name (Lewis). (Lewis).

Okay, what if there isn’t an Okay, what if there isn’t an author to cite an online author to cite an online

source?source? You'll then cite the title (shortened if necessary) of the article, story, You'll then cite the title (shortened if necessary) of the article, story,

or book parenthetically . Note: Do NOT cite page numbers on a or book parenthetically . Note: Do NOT cite page numbers on a simple online article!simple online article!

Example: (“Traveling”)Example: (“Traveling”)

*NOTE:*NOTE: You will also use the title, along with the author’s name in You will also use the title, along with the author’s name in your parenthetical citation if you are citing more than one work by your parenthetical citation if you are citing more than one work by an author of a source in your essay.an author of a source in your essay.

Example: Example: (Glass, “Shattered Windows”)(Glass, “Shattered Windows”)

For direct quotes longer than For direct quotes longer than four lines, you will want to four lines, you will want to set the quote off from the set the quote off from the rest of your paper with a rest of your paper with a

block quote, indented from block quote, indented from the left.the left.

At the end of “The Tell-Tale Heart”, the narrator’s calm facade At the end of “The Tell-Tale Heart”, the narrator’s calm facade steadily disintegrates:steadily disintegrates:

The officers were satisfied. My MANNER had convinced The officers were satisfied. My MANNER had convinced them. I was singularly at ease. They sat and while I answered them. I was singularly at ease. They sat and while I answered cheerily, they chatted of familiar things. But, ere long, I felt cheerily, they chatted of familiar things. But, ere long, I felt myself getting pale and wished them gone. My head ached, myself getting pale and wished them gone. My head ached, and I fancied a ringing in my ears; but still they sat, and still and I fancied a ringing in my ears; but still they sat, and still chatted. The ringing became more distinct: I talked more chatted. The ringing became more distinct: I talked more freely to get rid of the feeling: but it continued and gained freely to get rid of the feeling: but it continued and gained definitiveness -- until, at length, I found that the noise was definitiveness -- until, at length, I found that the noise was NOT within my ears. (Poe 247)NOT within my ears. (Poe 247)

1” indented margin punctuation author Page number(s)1” indented margin punctuation author Page number(s)

NOTE: Quote marks are NOTE: Quote marks are notnot used for block quotes. used for block quotes.

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But remember, use quotes sparingly and smartly!

Most of your paper will be Most of your paper will be made up of paraphrases…made up of paraphrases…

2.2. Paraphrases Paraphrases Paraphrasing represents a method of Paraphrasing represents a method of

utilizing information from sources. utilizing information from sources. When paraphrasing, the paper writer When paraphrasing, the paper writer denotes the meaning of the source's denotes the meaning of the source's idea in her idea in her ownown words. words.

The best way to cite a direct quote is to use a The best way to cite a direct quote is to use a LEAD IN OR OUT LEAD IN OR OUT signal phrase signal phrase to mention the author in the paper and to mention the author in the paper and identifyidentify

him/her!him/her!

Signal phraseSignal phrase Identification Identification Author Author

According to biographer Cece Beebee, Snowflake According to biographer Cece Beebee, Snowflake “spent most of her life as a recluse in her home“spent most of her life as a recluse in her home , , but she occasionally ventured out to parties where but she occasionally ventured out to parties where she let her hair down and danced on tables” (12)she let her hair down and danced on tables” (12). . Page numberPage number

*NOTE: *NOTE: When the author is mentioned, you do not need to When the author is mentioned, you do not need to include the last name within the parentheses at the end of the include the last name within the parentheses at the end of the quote. The page number is enough. quote. The page number is enough. The next time you mention The next time you mention her contextually, do so by last name.her contextually, do so by last name.

An example of paraphrasingAn example of paraphrasingOriginal quote:Original quote:

““Suzie Snowflake spent most of her life as a recluse in her home, but she Suzie Snowflake spent most of her life as a recluse in her home, but she occasionally ventured out to parties where she let her hair down and occasionally ventured out to parties where she let her hair down and danced on tables” (Beebee 12danced on tables” (Beebee 12).).

Paraphrase: Paraphrase: Although Suzie Snowflake didn’t leave the house much, she did like to Although Suzie Snowflake didn’t leave the house much, she did like to

party every once in awhile (Beebee 12).party every once in awhile (Beebee 12).

Why is that a good paraphrase?Why is that a good paraphrase?

While it communicates the connotation While it communicates the connotation of the original quote, it's not too close of the original quote, it's not too close to the author’s original words, plus it's to the author’s original words, plus it's cited correctly.cited correctly.

When paraphrasing…When paraphrasing…1)1) Read the passage; make sure you understand what it meansRead the passage; make sure you understand what it means2)2) Think about how the passage relates to your paperThink about how the passage relates to your paper3)3) Turn the source away from you so you can't read the Turn the source away from you so you can't read the

passage, then write its main idea in your own words on a passage, then write its main idea in your own words on a note card note card (for more information on using note cards for (for more information on using note cards for your research paper, see Fulton’s handout on note taking)your research paper, see Fulton’s handout on note taking)

4)4) Reread the quote, making sure that you haven't kept the Reread the quote, making sure that you haven't kept the same structure as the original. Double check to see that you same structure as the original. Double check to see that you didn't simply change a couple of words. didn't simply change a couple of words.

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What is a Works Cited page?

It's a list of all sources you cited and made reference to in your writing. It holds all the information your reader needs to locate the sources you used in your paper.

Now what will your Works Now what will your Works Cited page look like?Cited page look like?

Works CitedWorks Cited

Alkie, Ima. Alkie, Ima. Looking For Love in a BottleLooking For Love in a Bottle.. Boston: University Printers, 1999. Boston: University Printers, 1999.

Print.Print.

Bilbo, Pizza. “Whole Wheat Crust Rocks.” Bilbo, Pizza. “Whole Wheat Crust Rocks.” Pizza MonthlyPizza Monthly 10 Oct. 2013: 10 Oct. 2013:

141-55. Print.141-55. Print.

House, Bluto. “Look Who's Congressman Now.” House, Bluto. “Look Who's Congressman Now.” Lansing InsiderLansing Insider. .

Michigan State College of Education, 2002. Web. 3 June 2002. Michigan State College of Education, 2002. Web. 3 June 2002.

<http://www.msu.edu/house/look/060202>.<http://www.msu.edu/house/look/060202>.

Things to remember when making Things to remember when making your Works Cited pageyour Works Cited page

Everything you cite and mention in your paper must Everything you cite and mention in your paper must be cited.be cited.

Center the words Center the words Works CitedWorks Cited-do not underline -do not underline them-on a new page of your paperthem-on a new page of your paper

Double space Double space Alphabetize all of your citations, even if your listing Alphabetize all of your citations, even if your listing

starts with a titlestarts with a title Start each new citation at the left margin; indent five Start each new citation at the left margin; indent five

(5) spaces or a half inch for each subsequent line of (5) spaces or a half inch for each subsequent line of an entryan entry

One more thing to One more thing to remember…remember…

Many students get frustrated when Many students get frustrated when doing a Works Cited page if they can’t doing a Works Cited page if they can’t find a piece of information such as the find a piece of information such as the author or other publication information author or other publication information (particularly with internet sources). (particularly with internet sources).

The MLA Quick Guide The MLA Quick Guide handout will show examples handout will show examples of Works Cited entries based of Works Cited entries based

on the on the MLA Handbook for MLA Handbook for Writers of Research PapersWriters of Research Papers.. Inside the brackets are the Inside the brackets are the chapters for that listing.chapters for that listing.

Internet SourcesInternet Sources Order of Operations for Citing Electronic Order of Operations for Citing Electronic

SourcesSources Author’s last, first name. Author’s last, first name. ““Title of Document.” [name of page]Title of Document.” [name of page] Title of SiteTitle of Site Date of publication or last updateDate of publication or last update Sponsor of site (if not named as author) Sponsor of site (if not named as author) Medium of publicationMedium of publication Date source accessedDate source accessed <URL><URL>

Where can I go online for more help?Where can I go online for more help?

Purdue University Online Writing Lab Using MLA Format:Purdue University Online Writing Lab Using MLA Format:http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/research/r_mla.htmlhttp://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/research/r_mla.html

North Carolina State University's citation builderNorth Carolina State University's citation builderhttp://www.lib.ncsu.edu/citationbuilderhttp://www.lib.ncsu.edu/citationbuilder

Do NOT use Citation Machine! It doesn't take newer editions of MLA into consideration!

In that case…In that case…

Visit the Purdue OWL website or the Visit the Purdue OWL website or the North Caroline Statue University North Caroline Statue University citation builder. citation builder.

So let's do a card on the So let's do a card on the Motown articleMotown article

Order of Operations for Citing Electronic SourcesOrder of Operations for Citing Electronic Sources Author’s last, first name. Author’s last, first name. ““Title of Document.” [name of page, article, etc.]Title of Document.” [name of page, article, etc.] Title of SiteTitle of Site Sponsor of site (if not named as author) Sponsor of site (if not named as author) Date of publication or last updateDate of publication or last update Medium of publicationMedium of publication Date source accessedDate source accessed <URL><URL>

Order of Operations for Citing Electronic SourcesOrder of Operations for Citing Electronic Sources Author’s last, first name. Author’s last, first name. ““Title of Document.” [name of page]Title of Document.” [name of page] Title of SiteTitle of Site Sponsor of site (if not named as author)Sponsor of site (if not named as author) Date of publication or last updateDate of publication or last update Medium of publicationMedium of publication Date source accessedDate source accessed <URL><URL>

● Author’s last, first name. “Title of Document.” Author’s last, first name. “Title of Document.” Title of Site. Title of Site. Sponsor of site, Sponsor of site, ●

Date of publication or last updateDate of publication or last update. . Medium of publication. Medium of publication.

Date source accessed. <URL>.Date source accessed. <URL>.

Cruz, Gilbert. “Motown.” Cruz, Gilbert. “Motown.” TimeTime. . 12 Jan. 2009. Web. 14 Nov. 2013. 12 Jan. 2009. Web. 14 Nov. 2013.

<http://content.time.com/time/arts/article/0.8599.1870975.00.html>.<http://content.time.com/time/arts/article/0.8599.1870975.00.html>.

Once you fill in each card with a source, you can simply alphabetize the stack and you'll be all set to put each entry into a Works Cited page.

Works CitedWorks Cited“10 Types of Plagiarism.” Online video. Plagiarism.org. Iparadigms, n.d. Web. 23

June 2014. < http://www.plagiarism.org/resources/webcasts>.

Cowan, Lee. “The Problem With Plagiarism.” Online video. CBS Sunday Morning. CBS

News. 21 Oct. 2012. Web. 23 June 2014.

<http://www.cbsnews.com/videos/the-problem-with-plagiarism>.

Cruz, Gilbert. “Motown.” Time. 12 Jan. 2009. Web. 14 Nov. 2013.

<http://content.time.com/time/arts/article/0.8599.1870975.00.html>>.

Gibaldi, Joseph. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. 6th ed. New York:

Modern Language Association Of America, 2003. Print.

Lipson, Charles. Doing Honest Work in College. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 2004. Print.

“The Weimar Republic: The Fragility of Democracy.” Facing History.org. Facing History and

Ourselves. n.d. Web. 23 June 2014. <https://www.facinghistory.org/weimar>.

While MLA citations and While MLA citations and avoiding plagiarism can be avoiding plagiarism can be hard work, hopefully it all hard work, hopefully it all

makes more sense now.makes more sense now.

YOU WILL SURVIVE!