i generation cells : si ii generation: thin film cells iii …igalson/datas/pv9.pdfi generation...
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I generation cells : Si
II generation: thin film cellsIII generation cells: beyond the Q-S limit
more bands absorbing the light
tandem cells, intermediate band cells
low dimentional structures
more energy from one photon
hot carriers, impact ionisation
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hot carriers, impact ionisation
transformation of sunlight
UP and DOWN conwerters
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More bands:
multijunction „tandem” cells
2after J. Nelson
for 3 junctions ηηηηmaxmaxmaxmax = 63 % (under max concentration)= 63 % (under max concentration)= 63 % (under max concentration)= 63 % (under max concentration)
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Record tandem cells
GaInP/GaAs/InGaAs
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GaInP/GaAs/Ge; η=37.3 %
(under concentrated light)
η = 33.78 % (1 Sun)
NREL 2007
World present record 44% (942x)
A-SLAM technology (Solar Junction)
(Adjustable Spectrum Lattice Matched)
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Multijunction structure (tandem cell)
„tandem cells”
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Intermediate band cell
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maximum maximum maximum maximum ηηηη=63 %=63 %=63 %=63 %
EEEEg1g1g1g1=1.93 eV=1.93 eV=1.93 eV=1.93 eV
EEEEg2g2g2g2=0.7 eV=0.7 eV=0.7 eV=0.7 eV
(ZnMn)Te:O
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„tandem” cell intermediate band cell
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maximum maximum maximum maximum η η η η ≅≅≅≅ 63 %63 %63 %63 %
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More bands: quantum wells
additional absorption onadditional absorption onadditional absorption onadditional absorption on
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additional absorption onadditional absorption onadditional absorption onadditional absorption on
energy levels in quantum wellsenergy levels in quantum wellsenergy levels in quantum wellsenergy levels in quantum wells
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high energy carriers colected before high energy carriers colected before high energy carriers colected before high energy carriers colected before
thermalisation by energythermalisation by energythermalisation by energythermalisation by energy----selective contacts selective contacts selective contacts selective contacts
(tunneling junctions?)(tunneling junctions?)(tunneling junctions?)(tunneling junctions?)
More energy:
hot carriers cells
8cooling slower in quantum dots?
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More energy from one photon:impact ionization
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1 photon1 photon1 photon1 photon more than 1 electronmore than 1 electronmore than 1 electronmore than 1 electron----hole pairhole pairhole pairhole pair
observed in Si, Ge in PbSe
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Impact ionisation in QD
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up and down converters
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Quantum dot solar cells
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Quantum dots
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PbS QD NREL 4%, Univ Toronto 7%
CdSe QD + TiO2
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Quantum dots:
enhancement of photoexcitation spectrum
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InAs/GaAs doped QD
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Challenges and strategies in photovoltaics
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