i. food crops -...
TRANSCRIPT
I. FOOD CROPS
Food crops were produced carbohydrate as sources of
protein and energy for humans
Wheat (Triticum aesticum L.)Is the single most important crop on a global scale. Used for human & animal nutrition. World annualy production 600 MtProvides 20 % energy & 25 % protein 6.6 billion people of the world
WHEAT : VAR. DEWATA IN BROMO MOUNTAIN - EAST JAVA
GANDUM DI INDONESIA
• Penggiling/penumbuk gandum menjadi
tepung di Indonesia PT Indofood Sukses Makmur Bogasari Flour Mills
• Kebutuhan terigu (tepung gandum) 3,2 juta ton/tahun (DIPENUHI DARI IMPOR)
• Bahan utama pembuat roti, mie, martabak dan lainnya
• 70 % tepung gandum UKM; Indofood 18 %
• 1 kg terigu Rp 7.500 (2011)15 mangkok
mie
• Tanaman gandum di Indonesia baru pd tingkat penelitian
• Thn. 2000. Produktifitas 5 ton/ha di Kebun Percobaan Cangar FP-UB (1.600 m dpl 18C)
Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
The second most important food crops globally in terms of
sources of energy and protein in human nutrition. World
annualy production 500 Mt 1.6 billion people
Rice is the main food of Indonesia people
That is Some 70% of the world’s poor!…and nearly all of them eat rice two or three
times a day!Human Development Report, 1997
90% of the world’s rice is
produced and consumed in Asia.
Current annual demand for rice in Asia is 533 million tons of paddy
Robert S. Zeigler Director General International Rice Research Institute(International Rice Conference 2005. IAARD – IRRI. Bali, Indonesia September 12 – 14 th 2005.)
Nutrition from rice (selected Asian countries, 1999)
Sources: FAO online database (2001); World Development Report (2002); World Bank
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Calories
Protein
Tanaman padi penghasil beras sebagai sumber
karbohidrat dan bahan makanan utama penduduk di
Indonesia
Di Indonesia disamping tanaman padi penghasil beras untuk
bahan pangan juga dikenal berbagai varietas padi untuk
menghasilkan berbagai produk penganan
Maize (Zea mays L.)
Indian corn America; The third food crops globally, with three main purposes :
1. human food particulary in the tropic (energy & protein),
2. feed for livestock (two - thirds of total in feed grains).
3. raw material or many industrial products;
• Planted at : 1.423.000.000 km-2 588 Mt (4 t.ha--1);
• Have C4 photosynthetic pathway;
• Indonesia imported ± 1 million ton per year
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)
Potato makes the largest contribution to the total production of tuber
crops. Annual world production currently totals 274 million ton on 18
million ha. The Russian federation rank as the world’s largest producer,
followed closely by China. In the early 1990s, 30 % of the global
potato output was produced in developing countries, Asia, Africa & Latin
America
Kentang : sumber karbohidrat (bahan pangan) utama di Eropa
Di Indonesia digunakan sebagai sayuran dan lauk
Soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill)
Geographic origin : China; The fifth most important food
crops globally or ranked no 5 worldwide among the 30
leading food crops; Grain legumes are one of the primary
sources of protein for humans and their animals;
Important grain legumes because of higher protein and
oils; The caloric energy per unit mass of oils is higher
than that of stored carbohydrates; Sensitive to
photoperiod; 100 - 150 days old with daily air temperatur
20 - 30 C;
Indonesia imported 1.5 million ton per year
CASSAVA (KETELA POHON/UBI KAYU/SINGKONG)
(Manihot esculenta)
Di Indonesia digunakan sebagai bahan baku makanan dan
sebagian untuk industri (tepung tapioka) untuk berbagai
kegunaan a.l : perekat, kerupuk, dll
UBI JALAR (Epomia batatas)
Sebagai sumber karbohidrat, mengandung vitamin A, C dan mineral.
Bahan pangan olahan : panganan ringa, bakpao, juice dan bahan baku industri saos tomat
The role of horticulture product
1. Source of food, vitamin, mineral and crops fibers,
2. Source of natural herbal and medicine,
3. Protect and improving the living environment
4. High economic value product for people earning and poverty alleviation,
5. Absorbing the man power sources,
6. Potential export product.
20
Fruits
Alpokat (Persea americana Mill.)
Durian (Durio zibethinus)
Nanas (Ananas comusus)
Jeruk (Citrus sp.)
Mangga (Manginfera indica L.)
Pisang (Musa paradisica L.)
Apel ( Malus silvestris)
Semangka ( Citrulus vulgaris)
Nanas (
POMOLOGY
Terdapat beragam pisang di Indonesia, terutama untuk buah
segar, sumber vitamin dan kalium TANAMAN PISANG DI PT GGP- LAMPUNG
STROBERI DALAM SISTEM DRIP IRIGASI
VERTIKAL MARDI – KELANTAN – MALAYSIA
2006
STROBERI DALAM POLIBAG DI SARANGAN –
MAGETAN JATIM
STROBERI DALAM SISTEM SUNGKUP DI
BEDUGUL BALI
Vegetables
Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis)
Brokoli (Brassica oleraceae var Italica Plenck.)
Cabe (Capsicum sp.)
Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.)
Kubis (Brassica oleraceae var. capitata)
Mentimun (Cucumis sativus)
Terong (Solanum melongena L.)
Tomat (Lycopersicum esculentum L.)
Wortel (Daucus carota L.)
III. INDUSTRIAL CROPS
Tanaman penghasil bahan pendukung utama bagi
kebutuhan hidup manusia
Tebu (Saccharum officinarum L.), Beet
Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.)
Karet (Hevea braziliensis l.)
Kopi (Coffea sp.)
Teh (Camelia sinensis L.)
Tembakau (Nicotiana tabacum L.)
Kapas (Gossypium sp.)
Ketela pohon (Manihot esculenta)
Kelapa (Cocos nucifera)
Kelapa sawit (Elais guinensis)
Bambu, Kenaf, Pisang Abaca, Acacia sp
Berasal dari tanaman tembakau dan bersifat genetik, terutama nikotin. Nikotin dapat mengakibatkan ketagihan dan gangguan pada jantung serta paru-paru.
VERY PROMISING
Posisi # 2 terpopuler di dunia sebagai
minyak yang dapat dikonsumsi (kedelai =
31%, kelapa sawit = 24%)
Pertumbuhan permintaannya tertinggi di
dunia (kelapa sawit = 9%, kedelai = 8%)
Indonesia merupakan produsen minyak
kelapa sawit terbesar kedua di dunia
Diproyeksikan menjadi yang terbesar
karena keunggulan kompetitifnya
(ketersediaan lahan, kualitas tanah yang
baik, tenaga kerja yang berlimpah, iklim
yang menunjang)
Indonesia diperkirakan bisa mengungguli
Malaysia di tahun 2010
Prospek Industri Kelapa Sawitby Ir. Michael PT. Sinar Mas, FKPT-PI Manado 2006
Kegunaan Palm Oil & Palm Kernel Oil – Food
Cooking / Frying Oils and Fats Coating
Margarines Cake Mixes
Shortening Salad Oil
Vanaspati Soup Mixes
Bakery Fats Sandwich Spread
Pastry Fats Peanut Butter
Dough Fats Food Ingredients
Confectionery Fat Emulsifiers
Coca Butter Substitute Low Fat Spreads
Coffee Whitener Chocolate Pastel
Creamer Cheese
Filled Milk Santan Powder
Ice Cream Powder
Cooking / Frying Oils and Fats Coating
Margarines Cake Mixes
Shortening Salad Oil
Vanaspati Soup Mixes
Bakery Fats Sandwich Spread
Pastry Fats Peanut Butter
Dough Fats Food Ingredients
Confectionery Fat Emulsifiers
Coca Butter Substitute Low Fat Spreads
Coffee Whitener Chocolate Pastel
Creamer Cheese
Filled Milk Santan Powder
Ice Cream Powder
Kegunaan Palm Oil & Palm Kernel Oil – Non Food
Inks
Rubber
Explosive
Toiletries
Lubricant
Leather Industry
Steel mill application
Diesel substitute
Pharmaceutical
Tobacco
Soap
Cosmetics
Paper Industry
Textiles
Detergents
Animal Feed
Inks
Rubber
Explosive
Toiletries
Lubricant
Leather Industry
Steel mill application
Diesel substitute
Pharmaceutical
Tobacco
Soap
Cosmetics
Paper Industry
Textiles
Detergents
Animal Feed
Nama Nama Latin Sumber Kadar, %-b kering P / NP
Jarak pagar Jatropha curcas Inti biji 40 – 60 NP
Sawit Elais guineensis Sabut + dg buah 45-70 + 46-54 P
Kapok/randu Ceiba pentandra Biji 24 – 40 NP
Kelapa Cocos nucifera Daging buah 60 – 70 P
Kecipir Psophocarpus tetrag. Biji 15 – 20 P
Kelor Moringa oleifera Biji 30 – 49 P
Kusambi Sleichera trijuga Daging biji 55 – 70 NP
Nimba Azadirachta indica Daging biji 40 – 50 NP
Saga utan Adenanthera pavonina Inti biji 14 – 28 P
Akar kepayang Hodgsonia macrocarpa Biji 65 P
Gatep pait Samadera indica Biji 35 NP
Kepoh Sterculia foetida Inti biji 45 – 55 NP
Ketiau Madhuca mottleyana Inti biji 50 – 57 P
Nyamplung Callophyllum inophyllum Inti biji 40 – 73 NP
Randu alas Bombax malabaricum Biji 18 – 26 NP
Seminai Madhuca utilis Inti biji 50 – 57 P
Siur (-siur) Xanthophyllum lanceatum Biji 35 – 40 P
Tengkawang tungkul Shorea stenoptera Inti biji 45 – 70 P
Tengk. terindak Isoptera borneensis Inti biji 45 – 70 P
Bidaro Ximenia americana Inti biji 49 – 61 NP
Bintaro Cerbera manghas/odollam Biji 43 – 64 NP
Bulangan Gmelina asiatica Biji ? NP
Cerakin/Kroton Croton tiglium Inti biji 50 – 60 NP
Kampis Hernandia peltata Biji ? NP
Kemiri cina Aleurites trisperma Inti biji ? NP
Nagasari (gede) Mesua ferrea Biji 35 – 50 NP
Sirsak Annona muricata Inti biji 20 – 30 NP
Srikaya Annona squamosa Biji 15 – 20 NP
Tumbuhan Indonesia Penghasil Minyak-Lemak
P minyak/lemak Pangan (edible fat/oil), NP minyak/lemak Non-Pangan (nonedible fat/oil). Sumber: Soerawidjaja, 2004
Jatropha curcasJARAK PAGAR (Jatropha cucrcas L)
Sumber : Dr. David Allorerung, 2005
Tanaman tahunan sampai 50 tahun, berbentuk semak, tinggi mencapai 3 – 5 m. Daun agak lebar, berwarna hijau muda sampai hijau tua, semi menjari, dengan 5 – 7 lekukan.
Berbuah pada berumur 6 bln
setelah tanam, produksi
maksimal tercapai setelah umur
4 tahun.
Biji berbentuk oval dengan berat
0,4 – 0,6 g/biji, kadar minyak 30 –
40 % (dari kernel 50 – 60 %).
Pada kondisi optimal dapat
dipanen 2- 3 kali per tahun.
KOMODITAS LAIN
Tanaman pakan ternak,
penghasil biji-bijian dan
hijauan untuk makanan
ternak
• Jagung
• Rumput gajah/elephant grass
• Kacang-kacangan