rdrthffi I d-!t s h,I raIJry ffi tLlrlI

Organizing Institusions. stoay center For Bali cattle, udayana university, Ba1i, Indonesia

I Faculg of Yeterineary Medicine, Udayana university, Bali'Indonesia

. Faculty of Animal Husbandry, udayana university, Bali, Indonesia

Steering comitteeProf'. Dr.lr. Nyotnan Suparla, MS, MM (Indonesia)

Prof. Dr. dlh. i Made Damriyasa, MS (lndonesia)

Prof. Dr. Matthias Gaul-v (German)

Prof. Dr. Christian lJaucr (German)

Dr. Collin Cargil (Australja)

Organising committecProf.Ir. i Gusti Lanang Oka, M.Agr.- PhD' (Head)

Dr. clrh. NiKetut Suwiti, N'IKes, (secretan)

Prof. Dr. Ir.Ida Ayu Made Sukarini, MAgr" (Tresure)

Editors:Prof.Ir. I DK. Harya Putra- IvlSc'. PhD

Prof.lr. t Gusti Lanang Oka, Ir'1.Agr-. PhD

Prof. Dr. drh. I lvlade Damriyasa, MS'

Prof. lr. Sayang YuPardi, N{Sc.

L1

FOREWORI)

Populalion growlh, urbanization ancl n:ttlc itr.'onles caused

increasing demand for livestock prodLrct in tl^re dcr eloping rvorld. To

mcet this demand, improving a leu L,re.'ds oi' dornestic animais

including beef cattle that can produce hrgrl r ield need to be done.

Although many looal indigenous cattle still ri,il'rCu- i:ss bu1 they have

r.,aluable genetic potential for sonie p:r:,e'ii:r 1r31ts. ThereforeconsenatiOl and deVelOpgtc;t oi ihe u:;_i:er.aj_r ,--title iS esSentiaj

because thel- rna,v havc unrque Sen-: i I -:" tr improving theperforrnance and health ol breeCs th.'>3rt ;' r :n,lustrialized animalproduction. ma) be akrle tt lrr',.,:1,-1-i l "i=:-qualttr feed, moreresilient to climate stress ::ti ul:', f : . ; '.: -':ll.-r re sistance to a

parlicnlar parasite rn.l jrse-l-r:

The iirt.-nralitlr:- :ailliil:: ,l- ., -s-'l'....,'n ::J tllprOvement t}{'

uorld indigenc,',ts Jinla'"..L. s;rit;.1 ,-.- -:,':ir-: trr inlite scientists,r.etefiti:lrizuls- pic'itss-,.'lr..l-;. :,: -'. llr::" -' -l -ll ',,\ (rnnlent felatedt-re1dS and &11\ rrr-Ie \\h'-' a,':r;.:11 ' -.* --a llf 1i-r.a'-.s c3fi1e to diSCUsS

and decrde uhr thcse ..lrir: s .l:. -,: r" .,-,rrSir,:J and improve theirperformances.

A lot of itdornratit:1. rJ:Llls .'i ...--:.-'.:t;;:.. t:t rer eral field suchas genetics, nutrition. diseases. .11i1:i. :,,, J,:"-1- :rtC. iechrrolos.)-, socialeconomics and culture \\cra pres:n:-:l li: .:r-s !::it:nlr either orall,v orin posters.

To make a document tbr tius scien'r. -t; ri'l3tii!. the organizing

committee compiled all the papcrs in ..n..- ir.r.L-ecirq and wili be

dislributed internationallS;. fhe organizlr,': \{-r:ri)itlie JFpreciates ailthe participants of thc seminar and hopt' all paniclpa:i;s could coiltinuetheir collaborations in the future either in le se alch. industrialcooperation, products marketing and other acttr itt.-s

( )rtan:;ilt I .',.,rnirttittee

1t1

SCH EDU LE PROGRAM INTERNAI'IONAL SEM INARCONSITRVATION AND IMPROVEMEN'I OF WORLD IIIDIGENOUS

CATTLE3,d - 4h SEPTEMBER 2O1O

Friclay, September 3d: SBMINAR

OA2 Histopethological Changes of the Liver, Kidnel'. and

Splceir of Bali Cattle that rvere Given 2% Concentrate

in Grass Feed (Berata IK,IM Kardena, IBO Winaya.INT Ariana)

OA3 Relationship Between Animal Welfare and the BaliCattle Quality (l.eesffawati Palgunadi)

OA4 Evaluation of Hematologic Values in Bali Cattle (Bos

sandcicus) (Dharmawan NS, AAS Kendran, IBKOA5 Ardana, IG Mahardika,IM Damriyasa)

A Restrospective on Outbreak of Rabies in Bali

Time Asenda08:00 -09:00

Registration

09:00 -09:30

Operiing Ceremony

09:30 -10:00

Break and Poster Session

l0:00 -t23A

Plenary Lecturers (Keynote Speaker)N'loderator : IG Lanang OkaPL1 Functional Traits in Cattle Breeding. Is There A

Potential for Bali Cattle? (Nlatthias Gaul.v)

PL2 Carcass Classit-rcation. Beef Slaughtenng and StunningMethod (Erwin Tonges)

PL3 Bovine Neosporosis (Neospora caninurn lnfection) inIndoncsia and Other Southeast Asian Countries(Christian Baucr)

PL4 Reproduction Management and Breeding Shategies toImprove Productivity and Quality of Cattle (Kusumo

Dwivono)12:30 -13:30 _13:3015:00

Lunch and Poster Session

Orat S.rtio,, AModerator : IM KardenaOAI Diagnosis of Jembrana Disease Virus Subunit enr-tnt

Genc liom lnfected Bali Cattie in Kalimantan by Dot-

B I ot Hybridization (Asmarani Kusu m ar,vati. Penny

Humaidah Hamid)

rCattle at [jngasan \rillage ( Batan lu'. NF Faizah, Rr a".i,.1 a,ioli. Il( Sullhl. SI/, L id'. ?!l'rli. ICI\ lK Hr:', an,

NW Liestyarvati. PAS Putrininssih)l3:30 -15:00

Oral Session BModerator:IB Sudana

OBl Conservation and Genetic lmprolement of Bali Cattle(I Gusti l,anang Oka)

OB2 Physical Characteristic. Chernical Cornposition. ofBeef Bali Cattlc b1'Rearine and Feedlot S_vstern

(Amrih. Seiiono)OIIS N{eat Characteristic by Rc-aring and Fafiening System

of llali Cattle and Beei Grading (Amrih Prasetlo)OBI The Role and Periormance of Bali Cattle Fed

Agnculrure \\iaste Product in hlte$ated larmingS.lstcm (I{astika IM, AW Puger, K Budaarsa, IMN4udita)

OB5 Live weight Losses and Carcass Characteristics ofEntire Males Versus Females o1 Bali CattleSlauglitered at Public Abattoir in Bali (Saka IK, IMMastika, IB Mantra. Sentana Putra, lG Suranjaya, lNTirta Ariana)

5:00 -5:30

Break and Poster Session

15:30 -l7:00

Oral Session C

I{oderator: Tri Komala SariOCI Stratcgic Role of Micro Finance Institution,tlnit (MFI

or MFU) on Supporting Beef Self Sufficienc1.. AConcept (Ashari E Juarini)

OC2 Financial Analysis of Bali Cattle Yard GivenBiofoflrrentation Ration on Inconventional Waste Basis(Putri RRI', TI Putri, TGB Yadnya, lM Mudita, NWSiti. I\\r Sukanten)

OC3 N'latheinatical Modelilrg of Composite Index as anAlternatir.'e Selection Strategy. for Bali Steer (I1) BasedUpon Bodv Diinension 1or Small Scale Fanners Usage

lDoloksaribu L, AA Oka. M Dervantari,IN TifiaAriana,IG Suranjaya)

OC4 Selt--Reliance Development on Colloctive CattlcHousing and SustainabilitS., of' Pusyandu Sapi BaliTechnolog,v Package for Improving Bali Cattletsreeding Stock in Lombok (Ketut Puspadi,Dahlanuddin, Putu Suderena)

OC5 lmpack of Trade Quota Decline Policl on the BaliCattlc Population and Farmer's \\'eifare h Bali

v

Province (Sukanata, Sarini, Suciani, Rahalu I1.

Aruani. N Supartha)

Oral Session DNloderator: N.SupafiaODi Effect of Supplementing A Urea Ammoniated Rice

Straw rvith LIrea Molasses Illock and/or Rice Bran on

Intake and Live Weight Change of Bali Cattle (Sudana

IB, NW Siti, DPNTIA Candrawati)

OD2 Scaling Up Herd Management Strategies in Crop-

Livestook Systems to Improve Bali Cattle Ilroductivitvin Lombok (Dahlanudin, Ketut Puspadi, Bruce

Penggeley, Monica Vansrvenveen)

OD3 Feed Consumption and Nutrient Deposition of BaliCattle Which Give Bassal Diets Rice Straw

Suplemented Complex Vitamin and Mineral (SiliNW,IBG Partama, NM Witariadi, NN Candraasih,lGSuartha, I'A Astarva, B. ttah:r1u)

OD4 The Effect c,f Concentrate Supplcmentatiott on

Performance of Bali Cattle Fed Rice Strau' Based Diet(susila TGO.IBG Partama, IGNG Bidura- IGL Oka

Cakra. NW Siti)OD5 Optimizing Microbial Protein Synthesis in the Rumen

Through Supplementation of Vitamin and Mineral inRation Based on King Grass to Increase Bali Cattle

Productivity (PartamaIBG, IGL Oka Cakra, AAA Sri

Trisnadewi

Saturday, September 4*: ROUNDTABLE MEETINC

v1

Time Agenda Moderator

08:00 -09:00

Registration

09:00 -10:30

Policy Dialog (N Supartha) IN{ Damrivasa

10:30 -11:00

Break

l1:00 -12:30

Special Session on the Proposed StudyCenter Bali Cattle Udayana Universiry (NSupartha)

IM Damriyasa

12:30 -I3:0t)

Closing Ceremony IM Damriyasa

13:00 -14:00

Lunch

l5:30 *17:00

l

rPosters

Pl Allomekic Growlh Body Dimension of Bali Canle (suatha IK. IpSampuma)

P2 The Utrlization of Diet Biofermentation Based \\'asre \larerial fromLocal LInconr,'entional of the Perforrnance rn Baii C anle i1'adnl'aI9!.I{l4s!r141&tri, tsRr Putri )

P3 Concentrate Supplementation Pignox in Fot-,d Pr..JLicr rir increaseFermentation in Bali Cattle Rurnen 1;attening r \r; .\sra* a Ip. iBGPartarna, NW Siti,IGLO Cakra. IM N{udita. \CiK R..nir

P4 Factors ,A.ffbcting Some Growth Traits of Bali Catrle iLrsa praharani.l\& Mathius)

P5 The Potential of Bali cattle Bone Acid .{ctn aiei as -{bsorbent N{etalToxic (Simpen IN,IN! Miryada)

P6 The Role of Indigenous Cattie in Bali ( An anr IC-{l r

P7 Optimizing Rumen Function and \,{icrobiai Pr..liin Srnthesis of BaliCattle Fed Ration Consisted b1.Non-Conr enii.-nal Feerl ResourcesTfuough Biofermentation of Runren Liqu..r t\luiiira I\1. TI Purri.TGB Yadnya,IGi,O Cakra. TP Budi Raharr: r

lmprovement Forage of Bali Cafile ia Sou& Sulawesi Indonesia(Syamsu Bahar, Asmuddin Nafsir)

P8

P9 control af rrichostr*ngiussppInfestationusingFmit skin and LeafolPineapplein Bali Catfle (Luh G& Sri A$iti, TandaPanjaitan)Farmer Attitudes Toward llandling of Livestock Waste (Cow Dung)at Wongaya Betan Tabanan Bali CIa{ft krggriati NW, NK Nuraini, IGSuarta" CI Silaen)

P10

Nitrogelt Baslance rri Bali C.rr,e Fe,j -\rnmoniat..d Rice Strarv andCtine enrrate Supplement:,i b1 \luitr Vitamin \lineral(CakraIGI_O,AA.{S Trisnadeui. IBC Pa:tena. TCII Yadnra. \LG Sumardani)

P1l

Plz Increasing Productivity of Bali catfle steer Through supprementationof Multi Vitamins and Minerals in Ration Based on AmmoniatedRice Straw and Agroinduskial by Products {Partama IBG, IGLOCakra, [W Mathius,IK Sutama)The Effects of Urinotherap.v of Bali Cattle Unne on LipoproteinProf-ile in Rat (Suarsana IN, NPA Sisyawati P, Srikalatr Widl,astuti,IM Kardena)

P13

P14 Effect of Aloevera Waste As High Quality Feed Supplement {HQFS)on Performance of Bali Cattle (Suryani NN, IW Suarna, IGMahardika, NP Mariani, MAP Duarsa,IM Mudita)Evaluation of Clinical Chemistry in Bali Cattle (Kendran AAS,Dharmawan NS, IBK Ardana, IG Mahardika, IM Damriyasa)

P1s

Milk Production and Quality of Bali Cows (Bibos banteng) GivenConcentrate Supplementaticn on Grass-Legume Based Died at EarlyLactation (IAM Sukar!4i, S Putra, iG Mahardika K Suriasih, M

P16

\,'11

Hartarr an)Dl- lJl r .l-^l-^l Ch,I;^. ^J l '.*^L Irlr..l^ i- U rl; 1-Dll.l,, rQ',."iti \rI1 \ I f

-i:iJ,v:iust urusral I !vu! rrr uarr vaLarv \ve /r rrr''I

Setrasih, K Puia, P.Suastika, IW Piruksa) r

Pr8 Th" Pr"fil" "f

Fkt*gen and The Timing of Artiflcial lrsemination in i

D^1: ^^al^

/T/-lr\ D,.*^.-,.-\ IBali Cattle (TGO.

Jembrana Disease as a Problem for the Consen'ation of Bali Cattle in

lndonesia ( IW Mase Tenaya

@items to Increase Crude Fiber Intake of Cattle inTimor island (Bambang R PrawlacllpgrrgA Financial Assesment on Fattening System Through Partnership ofBali Cattle (lGM Budiarsana, E Juarini, Sumanto and K Diwyanto

Performances and Factors The Influence The Productive and

Reproductive Traits of Baii Cattle at The Region of The Bali( Suranjaya IG, Ardika IN, Sumerta ]vliwada IN

vl11

-

-. T \I]I-E 0F ( O\TE\S

l ,-,t. ". r ,

If , rrl

FLinltir:na1 irairs Ir; t':til; B:;;tit'r. i-i . i.-:; ,\ PitcirtiiilFtrr Balj Canle lNI.GauLr

Strategic Role oi\{icro i:rnance Instituriil I, ir ji i\IFIOT \lFL:)on Suppofting Beef Self Sutficieu* . ,{ L'..n.cptAshari, E.Juarini

Histopathological Changes of 'Ihc Lir er. Kidner . and Spleenof flali Cattle That Were Given 294 Conccntrare Lrr Crass FcedBerata lK. Kardena II\{, Winal,a [80, Ariana iN ] .....

Leaves and Skin Of Pineapples To Control Internal Parasiteon Bali Cafile in LombokLuh Gde Sri Astiti anci Tanda Panjaitan

Histological Studies of Lymph Node in Bali CattleSurviti,I'iK. Eka Setiasih, NL. Pu.;a,K Suastka,P Piraksa.T\\ ....... .

Diagnosis of Jemhrana 1)i.seasc \,'irus Subun il Ent,-7'nt GeneFrom Infccted Bali Catlle in Kalimantan By DotBlotH,r'bridizationAsmarani Kusumarvati, Penn,v Hur"aaidah Flamid

Firiancial Analysis of- Bali Cattic Yard Given BiofennentationRation on Inconventional B-v Produci BasisPutri. B. R. I'. . lok [. Putri. T. G. B. Yadny,a. I il{. Mudita,Ni W. Siti" dan I W. Sukanata

Pqoeq

iii

iv

ix

i

t7

28

36

44

ix

hrpact oi Trade Quota Decline Policy on The Bali CattlePLrpulation and Farmers' Well'are In Bali ProvinceSLrkanata, LW." N. Suparta, N.I-,.P. Sarini, Suciani, Aryani,B.R.T. Putri ...........

The EtTects of Urinotherapl of Bali Cattle Urine on

Lipoprotein Profile in Ratl Nyornan Suarsana, Ni Putu Ayu Sisyawati P, SrikayatiWidy'astuti and I Made Kardena

The Role of Indigenous Cattle In BaliAryani,I G. Ag.Istri,I.W. Sukanata and DA Warmadewi

Concentrate Supplementation Pignox ln Food Products toIncrease Fermentation In tsali Cattle Rumen FatteningAri Astarva I P., I.B. C. Partama. Ni W. Siti,I G. L. O. Cakra, and NiG.K. Roni

Nitrogen Balance of Bali Cartle Fed Ammoniated RiceStraw and Concentrate Supplemented By MultiVitamin-MineralI G. L. O. Caka, A. A. A. S. Trisnadewi,I. B. G. Partama,

T. G. B. Yadnya, and N. L. G. Sumardani ............

Conservation And GI Gusti Lanang Oka

lncreasing Rumen Function And Microbial Protein

Synthesis of llali Cattie Fed Ration Consist ofNon-C onvention al Feedstuffs Through B ioferment at ion

of The Rumen LiquorI N,l. Mudita, T.l. Putri. T.G.B. Yadnya,I G. L. O. Cakra.iludi Ralrayu T. P., and l. ts. Sudana

Increasing Productivity Of Bali Cattle Steer ThroughSupplementation of IVIulti Vitamins And Minerals In Ration

Based on Ammoniated Rice Strarv and AgroindustrialBy Productslda Bagus Gaga Parlarna, I Gusti Lanang Oka Cakra,I Wayan Mathius, and I Ketut Sutarna, Ni Gusti Kehrt Roni

b,Ilect of Aloevera Waste As High Quality Feed Supplement(Hqfs) on Performance of Bali Cattle

Suryani, N.N., I. W. Suarnq I.G. Mahardika, N. P. Mariani,M. A. P. Duarsa, dan L M. Mudita

enetic Improvement of Bali Cattle

95

110

51

74

85

118

130

141

IFarrner Attitudes Towards Handline Of Canle \\rasre at SubVillage Of Wongaya Betan. Villase \lcneesta. Sub Districtof Penebel, District Of Tabanan. BaliN.W. Tatik [nggriati, N.K. Nuraini. i.G. Suarra. C.1. Silaen.S.A. Lindawati

Carcass Selection And Bali Beef GradinuAmrihPrasetyo

Physical Characteristics and Chemical Ctrmposition ofBali Beef Of Farmers Rearing and Feedlot SvsremAmrih dan Setiono

The Profile of Estrogen and Timing ol'Artificial lnseminationIn Bali Cattle

lok Gde Oka Pemayun

lntercropping Systems I'o Increase Crude Fiber hiakr- irt Canlein l-imor IslandBambang R. Prawiradiputra

Rcproduction Malragement and tsreeding Stratecies rtrImprove Productiviw Ald Qualitr OlCattlc.Kusuma Dirvyanto and Lisa Praharani

Factors Affecting Productive and Reproductive Traits ofBali Caule In BaliI Gede Suraqiay4INAdik4 IN SumertaM danN M. Artiningsih Rasna

Factors Affectirg Some Crowth Traits Of Bali CattleLisa Praharani and l. Wavan Mathius

Feed Consumption and Nutrient Deposition Of Bali Catlle Fedas Rice Skarv Bassal Diets Supplemented With Multivitarninsand Minerals.Siti, Ni W., I.B. G. Paftama, Ni M. Witariadi. Ni N. Candraasih,K.,l G. Suarta

Carryin g Capacity' of Natural Forage SupporlingBali Cattle Developrnent in Bali provinceSumanto. E. Juarini, N{urtiveni and IGN{. Budiarsana

151

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236IVlathematical Nlodeling Of Composite Index As AnAlternalive Selection Strategr, For Baii Steer (11) BasedUpon Body Dirnension For Small Scale Farrners UsageDoloksaribu, L., AA Oka..lvl. Deu,antari.. N Tida Ariana andlG Suranjaya....,. 247

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249

'fhe Role And Perfbnnance Of Bali Clattle Fed AgricultureWasiv Fr uri r,r,.i irr Irite g, oi"''J f a;i;tii:.g Si'lte;lMastika I.M., A.$/- Puger, I K.M. lludiasa ancl I M. Ivludita 258

Effects Of Supplementing A Urea Ammoniated Rice StrawWith Urea Molasses Block And/Or Rice Bran On Intake and

I-ive Weight Change Of Bali Cattlei B. Sudana, N. W. Siti and Dsk. P.NI.A. Candrarvati ........................ 27I

Optimizing Microbial Protein Synthesis ln The RumenThrough Supple:nentation With Vitamr'n Ard Mineral lnRation Based On King Grass To llcrease Bali Cattle Productivity1da Bagus Gaga Partama, I Gusti Lanang Cka Cakra.AA a1u Sri i'risnadervi .."........... 2i'7

Live*'eight Losses And Carcass Characteristics Of Entire MalesVersus Females of Rali Llattle Slaughtercd at PubiicAbattoir In BaliI Ketut Saka^ I Made Mastika. I. B. Mantra, Sentana Putra.

I Gede Suranja,va, and I N-vornan Tirta Ariana 342

MilkProduction And Qualiq'of Bali Corus (Bi6os Banreng)Given Concentrate Supplementation of Grass-Legume Based

Dict At Early LactationI.A.M. Sukarini, S. Putra,l G. Mahardika, K. Suriasih. and

M. Hartawan 319

A Financial Assessment on Fattening System of Bali CattleThrough PartnershipI G.M.Budiarsana, E. Juarini, Sumanto and K.Diwjanto ............,..,... 327

The Effect of Concentrate Stipplementation on Performance ofBali Cattle Fed Rice Straw Based DietT.G.O. Susila.I.G.L Oka Cakra andN.W. Siti 338

The Utilization of Diet Biofermentation Rased WasteMaterial From Local I]nconventional on The Performanceof Bali ClattleT.G.B.Yadnya,IM.Mudita.T.I.Putri.andB.R.I.l'utri........... 3,41

Jembrana Disease As A Problem For'I'he Conse;rvationof Bali Cattle [n IndonesiaI Wa.van Masa Tenaya 355

SPONSORS 380

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inremational Semjnar: Ccnsen'ation and Improvement of Warld Indigenous Catde. 3-l Scptemtrcr" 2010

MATHEMATICAI, MODELING OF COMPOSITEINDEX AS AI{ ALTERNATTYE SELECTION STRATEGYFORBALI STrfiR.(Il) BASEI) UPO.N BODY DIMEI\ISIOX

FOR SM,{LL SC.ALE F'ARME,RS USAGE

Doloksaribu, L., AA Oka., M, Dewantari.,IN Tirta Ariana and IGSuraqiaya

Animal Husbandry Faculty,the University of Udayana BaliIndonesia

ABSTRACTResearch on 'Mathematical modetling of composite index as an

alternative selection silategy for Bali steer (If based utrrcn body dimensioa

for small scale farmers u$agg" was conducted from the mid of September to

the mid of October 2009 with a purpa$e t0 notate a mathematics model t}rat

cogld be applied in scoring Bali steer ideally without using weigttt

measurement that has never been provided in traditional mafket in Bali. The

total of steer fl1) was 100 heads that were purchased &om traditional animal

market in Bdngt<it Badung Residence. Parametcrs consisted af withers

circle, body length, and rump heights were measured" All the measurement

were analysed using factor analyses model: I - (k o1lS1]X1 + Gc2lS2)X2 + {k caiS3}X3. whsre I = Composite Index; k = Constartta; ei=Coefficienq Si= standard deviation; and Xi = bo4y dimension measurement-

i. And then correlation csefficient behl'een the variable of body dimensisn

and composite indsx was to test their closeness of the corelatian between

body dimension and composite index. The results were: I = 0"165 Xr +0.399 x2 + a.zgl x: and R : 0.88, The selected EIali steers have scores

above 100- This notation could be applied to ssore Bali steer ideally.

Key Words: Bali Steer,.Modelling, Composite Index' Alternative Selection

Stratcgy, Body Dimension.)

INTRODUCTIONsslecrion which has many spQcial purpases to apply for is a

ilIethod by which animal breeders can alter the biological and

eacoallfaal efiEcieacy of a llvestock productioo systeil- E*tiuation-

for body w.eight of various breed. of bed cattle by using mathematical

models has been greatly obsered iu many countri€s. The beginning

of the observation of the usage of mathematical model could be

sttrted fnstiy $1l observing the positive esrrelation be.+wee* body

dimensions and estimation of the gerstic factor (Btack et ol-, 1938;

247

itriersational Sem;nar: Conservation and lmprovemert ofWorld Indigenous Catde. 3-4 September,2010

Cook et el., 1951; Brown et al., 1973; Clarke et al., lg14 lgg4;Djagre 1988). The use of mathematical ootation or ard mathematicalmodelling thar could be also qpplied f,or post. weaning growth, feecintake and careass composition (song and Dinkel, rg78) or bodymeasuring (Brown et al.,1971; clarke et al.,lq84) in selecting cattlehav+ beea well developed. The otlj*ctive of usrng of thes,,-mattrematica] noEtions or and mathematical modelling is due to i*economical and simply usage applied.

Beef cattle business produces beef cattle for siaughtering andalso for breeding pulposes. Both beeffor slaughtering and breedinghave ceriain genetically characteristic heriknce from their ancestom(Blakely and Bade, 1985). Djagra (2003) stared that t0 - 9on/o geneticimprovement in beef herd are due to the contribution of best malesfrom tight selections. Bali steer selecting has to focus on its pedigree,performance and phenotypic kaits- The characteristic of small scalef-armers in Bali in purchasing beef cattle seems to have uo much_attention on its ancestor or in its recording, but oa its exterior only-Judgiag skill for breeding beef cattle of Balinese farmers tetrds to below- Moreover, when they purchase steer for breeding, the price is nctbased upon its body weight as wdght measursnent has never beenavailabte in traditioral animal market and atso ih recording.

one way to eliminate troublesome in setecting steers for beefbreeding in small scale farrners in Bali is by using mathematicalnotation or model based upon BaIi caffIe scoring. Afolayan et a{.{200?} proved that ccnfcrmation scor€s also play

"n importa* role in

listing prices to purchase steers for breeding puposes. The usage ofconfonrratiotr score was also observed by Song and Dinkle (197siwho applied mathematical modei for post weaning growth, feedintake, and carcass composition- This mathematical model is evenable to estimate the voluntary f-eed intake CflFI) from wsaai_r_rg toslanghter age for different t}pes of cattle fed- on various rations asshown belorar"

424.1-265.6 x DOM

YFI, =

Energy s,s

248

Y'FI = Vol-tratary Feed Intd<c

Iarernarional Semjnar. Conservafion and Improvcment ofWorld Indigenous Cattie. 34 September,2010

DOMDM

: DegIee of Maturity= Dry Matter

It is important fo: srnall scale farrners in Bali to implement ttre

mathematical model in selecting Bali steer that aged of 1 - 1.5 years

(Ir) to make $ufe that the results are ktter- Aa ideal practice ir*.f"*ti"g Bali steers could be started by evaluafing their tecordings,

and extLior that coutrd be judged by the value of body and bone

conf,ormatioq f,ree from patchiness, good scrotum measurement agd

also other traits (Diagxa, 2003)-

The measurea€at erf bedy difi€tlsions are diff,erefl1 for one tothe others due to some factors such as breed (Callow; 1961; Smifi ef

el., 1976), sex, age (Talib et al., 2004), feeding management

(Campbeli and Merilan, 196Ij, afld environmental adaptation

iEnsminger ,lg'18). Furthermore, clarke et at" {1984) stated that these

measurements were also developed greatly from the beginldng ofmathematical notations to be more accurate results of measurement to

estimate potential genetic ofeach beef breed'

Djagra (lgbS) stated that, based upon interval confident of,*gr"oior*coeffrcient, therefore, heart girth measrteryent could

guarautee Ircre acourata results in estimatiag the body wergh-f of Bali

iale andfemale cattte with each rc$essioo notations of Y= 5'862X-

675.47O; R=0.926{P<0-01} and Y = }'742X-112'687; R:0'724

(p<0.01i. Thus, the purpose of the current study was to develop a

inthe;atieal model to estifiats Bali ca#1+ ssofes tc help sma11 scale

farmers to select Bali steer (I1) ideally'

IIIATERIALS ANI} METEOI}SA hmdred heads of BaIi sfesrs that had second incisors,

healthy, nc physical defec! and having standald hair lat colours

were selected purposively in Bringkit Traditional Animal Market, in

Badung Residence, Bali- Prcvince. lfior to measurement, all Bali

steers k"r. observed for their healthy status, hair coat colours

standard - terracoth for castrated" alrd black for non castrated steer'

A:rd thpn- the s@ers wete located into ftat floor* sta{ding firnrly aud

*ea"sured- for (1) withers circls (cm) thar was measured along the

wither eircle right behiad the elbow &aat legs. (2) Rump height (cm)

that was *ru*ir*d from upright floor to the highest cf nrmp height.

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Intemational Seminar: Conservation and Improvemenr of Worid lrxligenous Cattle. -i-4 September, 2tll0

And (3) Body length (om) that was measured started from tuber caxaeto tuher tschii

All body dimensions data (withers circle, rump hoight an.dbody length) were analysed using analysis factor with model:

I - (k crlSr)Xr + (k czlsrlXz+ & calsrlxjWhere:I - Composite IndexK = ConstantaCi : Weight coefticient X;Si : Standad deviatian body to iXi = Measure of body to iCi coelficient was calculaied from this notation (R - XJ x Cr =

0 for j : 1, 2. 3 where R. was correlation matrix amoos allstandardized body dimensions

K- Coastanta was resulted from this notation:

K {Ct (Xr/Sr) + C2 (X2lS2) + Cr firlsr)} : 100

Finaily, correlation coefficient resulted from body dimeu,sionvariables and compositc index was calculated to get the figurc ofcloseness. correlation coefficient was calcuiated among bodydimension variatrles with composite index to know the closeness ofrelatioas betwee-n body dimemioas andl (composite index)

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONComposite Index based upon tlree variables, such as

wither circle (X1), rump height (X2) and body length (X3) werecalculated as follows:

I - K + arXl + Ayrz + a:X:, where K- Constanta,ai:coefficient of Xi that are composite index coe{Iicients ordered.

If the order of composite index based upon deviation data isover mean. the equation above (the model above) could be as follows:

I : alXr + azxz+ a:Xr" w,here Xt- Gi- *lOr it could be notated as:

?.5a

l:C121+ CzZt+ C3Z1

t *\t

where: ,-=\xi- * ,%,,

for i: 1,2,3

Xi = original variable to i in model

X i: Meanof original variable to - i in model

51 : standanl deviation variable ttr - i

Variance of composile index that has beeq ordered based upoa

standard variable is:

s2i: c.: R c:

Cj notated as coefficient of determination in composite index

that is in its determination factor analysis could not be done directly

but by iteration process. To get a unique solution, it is important to

bring'obstacle ii.: cT cj: 1; that are able to maximise total variance

Szi=C'JRCJ"

Then this problem could be solved by using Lagrange method

i.e.:

L (X, 7): f (X) - Z S(K)

Where: [, = Lagrange function

). - Lagtange duPlication'

For the purpose of optimai problem solution, conditions

needed i.e-;

dL/dX:0and d/d1. :0

and satisfu would be enough i'e':

1. Whetr it was a m.axima protrlem, tlterefbre determinant

matrix &om Hessian is definitely negative-

2. When it was a minima problem, therefore detenninant

matrlx from Hessian is definitely positive'

251

Intemation*l Se6irar: Conservatron and Improvenroot oflMorld Indigenous Cattle. 3-4 Sopt*mbsr, 2010

Intemauonai Seminar; Colsen'atior an<i trmprovcru..rrl of World indigenous Cattle. 3-4 Scptembcr- 2010

Lagrange t'unction that is interacted *'ith composite index is:L:S2i-; (ct'icj-1)

: c'j R ci- 2 (c'jci - lidl-idci : d/dcj (C'j R Ci - A (C'jCi - 1) : 0

:2(R- ).r)Cj:0: (R - ,{,I) Cj:0

dL/dA :cJCj--1:0Satisfu conditions:{ttdici: {R - )"1\:Hessian matrix.Sirnulating equation resulted is:

(R - ZI) Ci:0, forj : 1,2,3Correlation Matrix R Identity Matrix Vector C

Zero Matrix

cr + r72Cz + r13C3: lCIr21 Cl + CZ + r?3C3: A Czr31 Cl + r32C2 + C3: )- C3

From the measwement of 100 heads of Rali steers ({r)informed dafa are as follorrs-

Mean of wither circle (Xr) : lO.+3 cm, standarddeviation = 9.781

Mean of rump height (&) = 1t5.13 cm., standarddeviation :4-7tj

Mean of body length tX:) : 117.54 cm, standarddeviation = 5.74

Correlation between variables:rl2 : Correlation between *.ither circle with rump

height:0.610r13 : correlafion between wither circle with body

length : O.rOr -.,r.t) : correlation between rump height with body

length = 0.686

252

1 r12 rl]l lr o ol[<,rl lolr2t t r23l_rio r oll.ri=lulr3t r32 I j Lo o rJL,':] Lo]

:/,,/

i

:

Intenratioral Seminar: Conservation aad Improvemcnt of World Ildigeno$ Cattle- 3-4 Sepfember' 2010

By inputting cofrelation figures into the notations above, the

ra$uited uotation is:C1 + 0-610 C2 + 0.707 c3 = ), cl

0.610 ctr + c2 + 0.686 C3: L C2

0.707 C\ + 0.686 C2 + c3 = A C3

Determination Yalue of Cr, C: and Cl and aiso 't Ci can be

done by iteration, aod the results *:ere shorun in this f'olloraring Table-

lteratioa Processvrlueof Ci ii= 11,3

1

45I

L11

Iteration to determrue the

'l 1

0.9$8E

1-037

0.98S8I

I

0.9909

1.033

I

0.9892

1.036

2.336

2.310

a 4a'l

2.3172.316 L336

2.29623n 2.310

2"3912.422 2.422

1.0:37

Yalue of ,tr. Ci, for i = 1, 21 32.335

2.309

2.424

ffi rborewas resultcd a notation:

Cr= 1.O00 -

Cz: 0'98888 Ct - I'037

andvalueaf l:2.336

The r.alue of cj above has to be normalised to fulfil otrstacle

CJCj : 1 with formulation:

coj : cj / (c,j ci) n',

Where C'i Ci = Clz^+ g22 + C32' : (tr)2 + (0.9888)2 + (1 -037)2 = 3.053

ThereforeC*l : 1 (3.053)0'5 = ().572

253

i:1:y::i-":ll.l:ri:-v:.9q:"vld::-l*ly.e::::-v{:l-Y:-d1l:d:g:::::'*9li s:t1:-*.b-:::39-|9.

C*2:0.9888i 1:.OS:;or = 0.566

C*3 = \.A371 (3.053)oi = 0.594

Model composite index iu form of corrected variables is:I- A.57221 +0.56622 +5.59323

In ordc to form the composite index modnl as:I :(kCrlSrlXt + (kC2/S2)X2 + (kC:/&)X:,

Thercfore, it needs to calculate the value of k Coustantatfuoughnotationr

(*IF . [ -'/,,); . {r1t,); =,*

k(0.572 x 162.430)il9.781+ (0.566 X l-t_5"13y4.70 + (0.594XLLT -54Y5.741 = 1sg

k(35.528):100k: 100 / 35.528 :2,815Therefore its eomposite index mod€I tk i*flue*ees the

original variables is;1 = (2.815N0.s72)19.781 Xl + (2.81sX0.566)14.70 X2 +

(?.s15XS.sv}ys.74](3I - 0.165 Xl + 0.399 & + 0.291 XJBy this model, so *rcse selected steers are haviag scores above

100.To measure the correlation between variables that

determine composite index could be determinate with thisformulation:

rj-q(a)"11 = (*.572) (2J3q o 5 : 0,&7 +r2: (Q566) {2,3ffi>o'5 = q86513: (0,593) (2,336) o''

= 0,906Rtmrp height md body lengfh rorc irffuerc€d by &e growth of

long bone such as front and rear legs. Androgen hormone influencesthe growth of bone ifl Bati stcer greatly, epecialty rrhen it reaches ixpuberty. In contrast, Bali heifer that has reached its puberty, trheirbone growth is retardsd by the oesEogen hormcne. Therefore, bodydimension of steer is higher thau thcse in heifers. Rump heigtt is alsoreaching eady puberty. Djapa et at. Q002) stated that rump heigta isnot gualffied enough to predict body wsight of BaIi cattle due to low

254

t*n*I-:* I=i*::-l-".:y-l*l Tti,Tr-:-'-:-Y:3-1y,::|ji{5*".tls'9**}'n l:v1'*f::-2.119*..

correlatlon coefficient. It is because rump height has faster bone

growth iu young steet aad thea becomes slow while the growth ofi"ay *"ign r**ui* high- Therdore* ratio betw.een body w-eight to

"r*p h*ifrt is bigger in-older steers thar those in youager eaes. This

ratio is recognised as fat index in steer'

wi*ler elrel,c is ea*egorised to be having a sl,ow puberty

grows pattern, and its growft is ended lrhefi steer is maare- Based

fp.;;d* *o"iaeruti"n, wither circle is a better me&od to predict

ulay *"ieht of Bati cattle, as both of wither circle and body weight

and its go*trt rate are relatively similar or parallel, lherlfore, both ofthem haie high correlation coeftcient. On the other hand, the method

to measure wither circle is easier and more accurate' A bigger flgwg

of wither circle meatrs a bigger body capacity, k is good for growtft

process, thus the muscle ,,;*th ia &ont of body is bigger and this

provides a better gtowth and function of heart and ltmgs'' Body length is one of bcdy dimension tbat also caiegodsed to

be hav.fuIg ur rt** puherty- This means that body lenglh grorrs rytilmature iA *iU U" nigh"* tha* rump h"ight" where. steer that h*s

i""i*o (Ir), its body lenglh will grow more thaa rurnp height is-

A11 these tiree-Uody dimeasions were used to defermirs

composite index in order to represed &e growft of gfde since it was

bofn. This is a preven that tbe ttree variables wither ckcle, rrBmp

h-ight and body iengfh have high correlation with composite index

and this also presentithat those three variables play importxtt role in

determining composite indexof Bali steer (Ir)'

rIotal ,rari-"" that caa be explained by this model is about

2.64511= 0.88 or 88%.).

. CONCLUSIONS

Basedupoltheresultsoftlrisstudy,itsaobecreatedamathernatical model of composite index" as follows:

I = 0.165 Xl + 0399 X2 + &.29LN3'Wither .it*t*' rump height a*d body te"gth have high

c*rrelation with composite iadex (R:0'88)'For small *ofi"fut**rs, this composite iadexnotatroncould be

implemented ro ooo" Bati stetr jdeatty- Therefore' only B-ali steers.

tnat nave score >100 were selected and reared as stocks'

255

Inlemalional Sornjnar: Coisdn'ation and Improvem€nt of World Indigenous Catrle. r-4 Septembcr, 2010

ACKNOWLEDGMEI{TSThe authors gratefully acknowledge the valua.ble conaibutioa

of Prof- Dr IB Jagra, Dr- Raka flaryana, Mr- IGM Putra and &fu- IBMantra w.ho pernlitted us to use ttreir genuine collected data. Thisstudy, which was part of the Udayana University DIPA Projects iny€ar 2009, wac eoadtpted with Coatraet Le#sr of arffiber;| 491 C.l tlHl 411Mj2fifi9, dated I 6 April 2009,

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2s7