I. “Cracking” the AP World History Exam: Multiple Choice & FRQ’s

THE “WHAP” EXAM

1. 70 multiple-choice: 55 min.

2. 3 essays (9 pts ea.):

• 10-min. “reading period” (review DBQ docs!)• 2 hours for DBQ, CCOT, & Compare/Contrast essays

The “Units”…

TimePeriod % of Questions # of Questions

“Foundations”:8000 B.C.E.-600 C.E.

19-20% 13-14

“Classical Empires”600-1450

22% 15-16

“Post-Classical”1450-1750

19-20% 13-14

Industrial Rev.1750-1914

19-20% 13-14

Contemporary1914-present

19-20% 13-14

Total 70

Make an Educated Guess…

1. When Europeans arrived in sub-Saharan Africa in the 1400-1500‘s the African slave trade was

(A) just beginning(B) an institution Europeans had to establish(C) well established and hundreds of years old(D) still under the control of Ottoman traders

WORLD REGIONS

Unit 1:

8,000 B.C.E. – 600 C.E.

Big Picture

• Nomads threat to empires

1st River Valley Civs: Neolithic Revolution

“Classical Empires”

Religion/goods spread: merchants/missionaries

New trade routes (Silk Roads, Indian Ocean)

Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism, Christianity

Beginnings: 8,000B.C.E – 1,000 B.C.E.

• Hunters & gathers

• Early humans spread from Africa

• 8,000 B.C.E. agriculture starts in MESOPOTAMIA

Hunting and gathering societies were marked by

I. widespread labor specialization

II. little specialization of labor

III. subsistence lifestyle

IV. limited trade

(A) I, II, and III

(B) II, III, and IV

(C) I and III

(D) II and IV

Civ. Characteristics:

• Farming

• Cities

• Writing

• Gov’t laws

• Organized religions

• Social inequality

Ancient Civilizations

Decline of Early Civs.

• By 1000 B.C.E. decline due to iron

• Minoans/MycenaeansMinoans/Mycenaeans: influenced Greeks

• PhoeniciansPhoenicians: trading empire (alphabet)

“Classical” Empires: Rome, Han, Gupta

(1000 B.C.E. to 600 C.E.)

General Characteristics

• iron (agriculture; weapons)

• “Regional” Trade Routes

• Formal Religions & Social systems:

– HinduismHinduism in India– ConfucianismConfucianism in China

Classical Social Systems

Based upon inequality

1. India: Caste SystemCaste System

2. China: ConfucianismConfucianism (rigid hierarchy)

3. Mediterranean:

-Greeks (land-owning aristocrats; slaves)

-Romans (land-owning patricians; plebians; slaves)

Chinese Dynasties

Shang, Zhou, Qin, Han

Sui, Tang, Song

Yuan, Ming, Qing, Republic

Mao & Deng

Shang (1700 - 1027 BCE)

• Aristocracy ruled• Writing, bronze, silk• Ancestor worship

Zhou (1027 - 250 BCE)

• Longest lasting Dynasty

• Beginning of Mandate of Heaven

• Taoism & Confucianism introduced

• Feudal

• Built roads, expanded trade

• Ended with: “Warring States PeriodWarring States Period”

China: Qin & Han

• QinQin dynasty– Legalist (strict & severe)– Emperor Shi HuangdiShi Huangdi (:Terra Cotta Warriors”)– Great Wall

• HanHan dynasty– Confucianism:– Mandate of Heaven– “Meritocracy”: civil service exam & scholar-gentry– Eunuchs gained power – Silk Roads: Silk Roads: paper, silk

Decline: corruption, nomads, loss of mandate, crop failure, internal conflict

Qin (221 - 207 BCE)

Why was the Zhou dynasty in China so long-lived?

(A)because their leaders were ruthless

(B)due to the lack of Confucianism and the rise of Legalism

(C)due to the ideas of Confucianism emphasizing the duty of emperors

(D)because average people were not allowed weapons

Silk Roads

– brought Buddhism to China– Chinese silk to Europe

Silk Roads

Classical IndiaClassical India

Mauryan Dynasty: Mauryan Dynasty: - King Ashoka (wrote laws on Rock Pillars Edicts)

- Buddhism spreads

Gupta Dynasty:Gupta Dynasty: Hindu “golden age”

Gupta India

• Centralized• Golden Age: military, math (pi, zero, numerals),

astronomy, medicine, lit.• Extensive Trade: Silk Roads, Indian Ocean (dhow boat) • A “theatre” state• Hinduism: duty to caste; reincarnation• BuddhismBuddhism spreads due to inequality• Nomads: Huns

Decline: corruption, poor leadership, nomads, overexpansion, & too diverse

“Classical” India

GreeksGreeks:

– Independent city-states (internal warfare)– Athenian “Golden Age” = Democracy,

art, philosophy, science– Alexander conquers & spreads Greek

culture (Hellenistic Period)(Hellenistic Period)

Alexander the Great

Mediterranean

RomeRome:

– At first a Republic– Capital: Rome (centralized)– Empire began after Julius Caesar – Augustus Caesar: “Pax RomanaPax Romana”– Built roads (“Appian Way”) & Aqueducts– Christianity develops, spreads

Decline: corruption, moral decline, nomads, inflation

Roman Empire

“The Great Builders”:

Columns, Domes, Arches; Aqueducts, Roads, Bridges, Theaters, the Coliseum

Great Wall of China

Bridges, Roads, Canals

Terra Cotta Warriors

Public WorksPublic Works

Fall of Roman Empire

Persians

• Centralized bureaucracy (divided into “Satraps”Satraps”)

Golden Age: Royal RoadRoyal Road, military, coins, postal service

• tolerance & trade• Zoroastrianism: dual forces of good & evil

Decline: corruption, over taxation, Alexander the Great

Persian Empire

In Africa:

• Bantu migrations: spread similar cultural traits through Sub-Saharan Africa

AMERICAN CIVILIZATION

The Maya, Aztecs, and Inca

MayaMaya (300 CE to 900)

From Olmec traditions

Independent city-states…decentralized

Astronomical calendar

Number zero

Written language

Amerindian Civilizations

militant warriors

tributary empire

decentralized empire

human sacrifice

Written language

Spanish conquered w/

guns & disease

AztecAztec 1400-1521

American Civilizations

Rugged Andes Mts.

Centralized empire

terraces for farming

network of roads & bridges

NO WRITTEN LANGUAGE…but used quipu

Spanish conquest

Incas 1400-1540

American Civilizations

Causes of “Classical” Decline:

– Nomadic invaders

– Epidemics

– Corruption

– Internal decline

W. Europe: – worst decline– Byzantine Empire flourishes in East

China: – 300 years of disunity

India: – declines politically, but trade continues– Hinduism spreads