I Can classify Baroque music

Do Now: What is group buys the highest percent of pop music? What group buys the least? Add numbers to support your answers! RTQ!

Baroque MusicPart 2

1600-1750

Henry Purcell

• English Composer– 18= composer for the King’s string

orchestra– Later=music director of Westminster

Abbey.– Finally= music director at Chapel Royal

• Wrote many different styles of music but is best known for his opera Dido and Aeneas

Thy hand, Belinda; darkness shades meOn thy bosom let me restMore I would, but Death invades meDeath is now a welcome guest

When I am laid, am laid in earth, May my wrongs create No trouble, no trouble in thy breast;

Remember me, remember meBut ah! forget my fate

Listening: “Dido’s Lament” from Dido and Aeneas http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ivlUMWUJ-1w

HOT Question…

With the people around you, discuss what this song means.

The Concerto and Concerto Grosso

• Concerto: piece for one instrumental soloist, string orchestra, and basso continuo– Usually has 3 movements

• Concerto Grosso: piece for multiple instrumental soloists, string orchestra, and basso continuo– Like the concerto, has three movements

The Concerto Grosso: Performers

• Tutti- A word in music that means everyone plays

• Ritornello- a main melody of a piece that will be repeated throughout a work

• Ritornello Form-– When a song alternates between soloist and

full orchestra taking turns

The Concerto Ritornello form

•Three Movements1. Fast & ritornello form2. Slow3. Fast & ritornello form

Listening: Brandenburg Concerto No. 5 in D Major, by J. S. Bach

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lhXHMzSOK5c

Antonio VivaldiThe Red Priest

Antonio Vivaldi - Life• Father was a musician• Was also a priest• Violin teacher, composer, conductor

at girl's orphanage• Completely forgotten about until

1950!• 450+ concertos and concerto grossis

The Four Seasons

• Four concerti for violin and orchestra– Summer– Fall– Winter– Spring

Listening: "La Primavera", (Spring) Movement one.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CcrrXHnN5uU

Johann Sebastian Bach

Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750)

• German Composer– Comes from a long line of musicians– his sons- 4 became composers.

• First big job- Music director for prince of Cöthen

The Fugue: terminology

• Bach invented the Fugue.• A fugue is a polyphonic piece of

music based on one theme (melody) that is repeated throughout the work in a variety of different ways.– Fugues usually have “call and answer”

sections

• A theme is a short melody used to build a larger piece of music

Listening: Toccata and Fugue in D Minor, by J. S. Bach

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ipzR9bhei_o

Bach in Leipzig • After Bach left Cothen, music

director at St. Thomas Church in Leipzig, Germany. – Bach stayed here for his last 27 years.

• He composed and rehearsed new music for each Sunday service and holiday service

• Music education of 55 students at St. Thomas School

Bach in Leipzig

• Director of Leipzig Collegium Musicum– student organization– weekly concerts at a coffeehouse

• Organ performer and technician– Gave concerts and organ manufacturers

asked him to judge the construction of their organs.

– Taught organ to private students

Bach’s Lifestyle

• Deeply religious (Lutheran)• 20 children by two wives• Blind from cataracts• Today is Buried in St. Thomas

Church• Forgotten at his death

– It wasn’t until 1829 that a composer dug up his work and everyone started to realize how great he was.

Bach - St. Thomas Church

Styles Bach Used

• chorale: hymn tune sung to a religious text

• cantata: for chorus, vocal soloists, organ and small orchestra

Cantata• written for chorus, vocal soloists, organ

and small orchestra.• text from the Bible or familiar hymns• used to reinforce the sermon• half-hour• included choruses, recitatives, arias,

and duets. (all are also found in opera)• Bach composed about 295 cantatas

Listening: Cantata No. 140: Wachet auf, ruft uns die Stimme

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eC35GS88OqA

Output• Music Director Day planner

– Imagine yourself in the role of Johann Sebastian Bach, music director at St. Thomas.

– Start with a wake up time of 9:00 AM and list each hour of the day until you go to bed at 10:00 PM

– At each hour, write a short, historically correct sentence about what Bach would be doing.