HYPERPLASIA

An increase in the number of cells or proliferation of cells.

GROUP 5

Fatima SaifMariya AnjumReema BibiAbdullah

Microscopically cells resembel normal cells but are increased in numbers.

It is a sign of abnormality.It is precancerous stage.

Pathologic Hyperplasia:Increased cell production in a normal tissues.Physiologic Hyperplasia:It can be due to the growth of completely normal cells.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HYPERPLASIA AND HYPERTROPHY

Hyperplasia:An increase in the number of cells.

Hypertrophy:An increase in the size

of cells.

EXAMPLE

Normal hyperplastic response would be

the growth and multiplication of milk

secreting glandular cells as a response

to pregnancy.

CLINICAL FORM OF HYPERPLASIA

1.Prostatic Hyperplasia2.Cushing Disease3.Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia4.Hemihyperplasia5.Endometrial Hyperplasia

1.PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA

An enlarged prostatic means the Gland has grown bigger.

An enlarged prostate is often called Benign Prostatic Hyper.

(BPH).

Prostatic Hyperplasia

2.CUSHING DISEASE

A condition in which Pituitary gland release too much

adrenocortricotropic hormone ACTH.Cushing Disease is a form of Cushing

Syndrome.

Cushing Disease

Cushing Disease

3.CONGENITAL ADRENAL

HYPERPLASIAIt is a collection of genetic

conditions that limits adrenal glands,ability to make certain vital

hormone.

4.HEMIHYPERPLASIAFormerly called Hemihypertrophy.It is a rare disorder in which one

side of the body grows more than other.

Hemihyperplasia

5.ENDOMETRIAL HYPERPLASIA

It is a thickening of the lining of the womb,caused by the overgrowth of

the cells that line the womb.It is not cancer.

But in some women it can develop into womb cancer.

HYPERTROPHY

Hypertrophy Increase the organ size. Is the increase in the volume of an organ

or tissue due to the enlargement of its component cells.

Hypertrophy and Hyperplasia

HYPERTROPHY HYPERPLASIA Increase in size of

cells.  Occurs only in Cells

WITHOUT the ability to REPLICATE!

Can be Physiologic or Pathologic.

Can Coexist with Hyperplasia.

Increase in no.of cells.

Occurs only in Cells WITH the ability to REPLICATE!

Can be Physiologic or Pathologic.

Can Coexist with Hypertrophy.

Hypertrophy /Hyperplasia Causes

Puberty Pregnancy Drugs: Phenytoin sodium,Anti

seizure/Epilepsy drug Niphedipine:Anti Hypertensive drug Cyclosporine/sandimmune:Anti-rejection drug.

WHAT CAUSES HYPERTROPHY?

1. Hypertrophy caused by an increase in energy substances in the muscle cell (such as creatine and glycogen).

2. Hypertrophy caused by an increase in the diameter of the muscle fiber.

Types of Hypertrophy

PHYSIOLOGIC PATHOLOGIC

Hormone Induced: Hypertrophy of Smooth Muscles .

Disease Inflicted: Hypertrophy of Cardiac Muscles due to “Hypertension”.

Physiologic Hypertrophy

Muscle Hypertrophy

Muscle hypertrophy involves an increase in size of skeletal muscle through an increase in the size of its component cells.

Muscle hypertrophy

Pathologic Hypertrophy

(Cardiac) Cardiac hypertrophy: is a thickening of the heart muscle (myocardium) which results in a decrease in size of the chamber of the heart, including the left and right ventricles.

Cause of cardiac hypertrophy: is high blood pressure (hypertension) . extra work of pumping blood.

Cardiac hypertrophy

ATROPHY

Atrophy

physiological process reabsorption and breakdown

of tissues, involving apoptosis .pathological atrophy loss of trophic support due to other

disease, it is, although it can be a part of normal

body development and homeostasis as well.

Causes of Atrophy

. Causes of atrophy include mutations (which can destroy the gene to build up the organ), 1 poor nourishment, 2 poor circulation, 3 loss of hormonal support, 4 loss of nerve supply to the target organ, 5 excessive amount of apoptosis of cells,

Examples of atrophy

Gland atrophy Vaginal atrophy

Gland atrophy

The adrenal glands atrophy during prolonged

use of exogenous glucocorticoids like prednisone.

Atrophy of the breasts can occur with

prolonged estrogen reduction, as with anorexia nervosa or menopause.

Testicular atrophy with prolonged use of enough exogenous sex steroid (either androgen or estrogen) to reduce gonadotropin secretion

Vaginal Atrophy

Vaginal atrophy, also called atrophic

vaginitis, is thinning, drying and inflammation of the vaginal walls due to your body having less estrogen

Vaginal atrophy occurs after menopause, but it can also develop during breast-feeding or at any other time your body's estrogen production declines

Treatment For Vaginal Atrophy

Simple, effective treatments for vaginal atrophy are available

Reduced estrogen levels result in changes to your body, but it doesn't mean you have to live with the discomfort of vaginal atrophy.

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