hydropower in the columbia river: history of fish passage development and implications for the...
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David Hand, US Fish and Wildlife ServiceJohn Beeman, US Geological Survey
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Overview of Columbia River
Timeline of dam construction+fishpassage
Highlight major themes
Implications for the Mekong
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Length : 2,000 km.
Source: Columbia Lake, British Columbia
Drainage area: - 67 million hectares- Larger than France,
Belgium, & Netherlands combined
- 7,500 cms daily mean flow
- 219 major dams: … 176 in U.S. … 43 in Canada
Columbia River
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Columbia Mekong
Catchment (km2) 670,000 795,500
Length (km) 2,000 4,900
Mean discharge (m3s-1) 7,500 14,500
Number of fish species ~100 800-1,100
Mainstem Dams
(existing or planned)
15 19
Tributary Dams
(existing or planned)
>250 ~200
Adapted from Ferguson et al 2011 and D. Wills USFWS 4
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1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
MainstemDam Construction Begins
-Rock Island-Bonneville-Grand Coulee
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1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
-McNary-Chief Joseph-The Dalles-Brownlee
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1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
-Rocky Reach-Priest Rapids-Wanapum-Wells
-Oxbow-Ice Harbor-Hells Canyon-Lower Monumental
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1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
-John Day-Little Goose-Lower Granite
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Downstream passage through turbines
Upstream passage through fish ladders
USACE
Bonneville ladder,ODOT
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Downstream Spill Surface weirs Flow Augmentation Juvenile Bypass Transportation Turbine redesign
Upstream Lamprey Passage
Systems Spill Patterns
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Fish Conservation=Power Generation
Government/Legal Driven Treaties, NW Power Act,
Endangered Species
Broad goals measurable objectives
Basing decision on SCIENCE
CRITFC
Lamprey counts Granite Dam
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Initial salmonid focus
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Initial salmonid focus
Salmon passage non-salmon passage
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NOAA
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Assess Problem
Design
Implement
Monitor
Evaluate
Adjust
Test passage designs
Rigorous monitoring
Flexibility
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80+ years of work Complex Long-term
monitoring Financial
$US 500 Million annually
$US 3.3 Billion 1982-2001
Forgone power generation
Spill at Bonneville Dam, USACE
USGS
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Columbia Mekong
Political Will Strong
Measurable Objectives
Developing
Broad Goals
Ecosystem Approach
100 species >1,000 species
Little knownAdaptive Management
Monitoring
Flexible
Limited monitoring
Inflexible
Long Term Commitment
80+ years
Costly
Unknown
Limited $17
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