Hydrogen Release Compound, HRCHydrogen Release Compound, HRCRR

A Timely, Cost-Effective Solution for A Timely, Cost-Effective Solution for Treating Chlorinated Solvents in GroundwaterTreating Chlorinated Solvents in Groundwater

AcceleratedAccelerated Anaerobic Natural Anaerobic Natural AttenuationAttenuation

What Is Reductive Dechlorination?What Is Reductive Dechlorination?

• HRC provides the hydrogen necessary for HRC provides the hydrogen necessary for accelerating reductive dechlorinationaccelerating reductive dechlorination

• Reductive Dechlorination:Reductive Dechlorination:– Microbes called “reductive dechlorinators” Microbes called “reductive dechlorinators”

replace chlorine with hydrogen atoms on CHsreplace chlorine with hydrogen atoms on CHs– PCE is biodegraded via the following sequence:PCE is biodegraded via the following sequence:

PCE TCE DCE VC EthenePCE TCE DCE VC Ethene

• HRC is a polylactate ester HRC is a polylactate ester • When hydrated, HRC time-releases lactic acidWhen hydrated, HRC time-releases lactic acid• HRC accelerates anaerobic bioremediation of HRC accelerates anaerobic bioremediation of

CHs such as PCE, TCE, and TCACHs such as PCE, TCE, and TCA– Microbes metabolize lactic acid to other organic Microbes metabolize lactic acid to other organic

acid intermediates, such as acetic acidacid intermediates, such as acetic acid

– HydrogenHydrogen is released as a by-product is released as a by-product

– This hydrogen facilitates reductive This hydrogen facilitates reductive dechlorination of chlorinated hydrocarbonsdechlorination of chlorinated hydrocarbons

Hydrogen Release Compound, Hydrogen Release Compound, HRCHRCRR

HRC Polylactate Ester StructureHRC Polylactate Ester StructureTime-Release FormulaTime-Release Formula

• HRC is based on a three-carbon glycerol polylactate HRC is based on a three-carbon glycerol polylactate ester structure:ester structure:

• HRC releases lactic acid HRC releases lactic acid for up to one yearfor up to one year

• By providing a long-By providing a long-lasting, time-released lasting, time-released hydrogen source, HRC hydrogen source, HRC cost-effectively cost-effectively accelerates anaerobic accelerates anaerobic reductive dechlorinationreductive dechlorination

Benefits of HRC’s Benefits of HRC’s Time-Release FeatureTime-Release Feature

Rapid Site ClosureRapid Site Closure

- - Accelerates natural attenuation by 10X to 100X—Accelerates natural attenuation by 10X to 100X—reducing time to site closurereducing time to site closure

Cost-EffectiveCost-Effective- No capital costs for systems- No capital costs for systems

- No operation & maintenance costs- No operation & maintenance costs

- Reduced installation costs- Reduced installation costs

Benefits of HRC’s Benefits of HRC’s Time-Release FeatureTime-Release Feature

Non-invasiveNon-invasive• In-situ technology minimizes physical In-situ technology minimizes physical

disturbance to propertydisturbance to property• No “iron wall” –type construction No “iron wall” –type construction

Wide regulatory acceptanceWide regulatory acceptance• environmentally safeenvironmentally safe

Proven technologyProven technology• Demonstrated on USEPA SITE program siteDemonstrated on USEPA SITE program site• Installed on >120 sites Installed on >120 sites

Distribution of HRC

• HRC is both “static” and slowly soluble. HRC is both “static” and slowly soluble. It stays in place as it releases lactic It stays in place as it releases lactic acid.acid.

• High initial concentrations of lactic acid High initial concentrations of lactic acid drive the distribution of the material by drive the distribution of the material by diffusion – even in stiff clays!diffusion – even in stiff clays!

Distribution of HRC in the Aquifer

• Laboratory and field work indicate that Laboratory and field work indicate that lactic acid will move by diffusion alone lactic acid will move by diffusion alone about 10 ft/yr regardless of aquifer about 10 ft/yr regardless of aquifer matrix material.matrix material.

• Recommended spacing of HRC Recommended spacing of HRC application points is on the order of ten application points is on the order of ten foot on center.foot on center.

Longevity of HRC

• The degree of complexity and The degree of complexity and esterification of the molecule are key esterification of the molecule are key factors in its longevityfactors in its longevity

Structure of HRC

Longevity of HRC- “How long does it last?”

• Longevity is a function of certain biological Longevity is a function of certain biological and geochemical features of the aquiferand geochemical features of the aquifer

-microbial population-microbial population

-groundwater flow rate-groundwater flow rate

• HRC stimulates reductive dechlorination HRC stimulates reductive dechlorination within the aquifer for about 12 month’s time. within the aquifer for about 12 month’s time.

Compounds Treatable With Compounds Treatable With HRCHRC

• Chlorinated Organics (ethenes, Chlorinated Organics (ethenes, ethanes, etc.)ethanes, etc.)

• Chlorinated Pesticides and HerbicidesChlorinated Pesticides and Herbicides

• NitrateNitrate

• ChromiumChromium

• PerchloratesPerchlorates

• ExplosivesExplosives

Advantages of HRCAdvantages of HRC

Compared to Pump and TreatCompared to Pump and Treat

• No capital equipment costsNo capital equipment costs• No elaborate design costsNo elaborate design costs• No site construction/ disruptionNo site construction/ disruption• No Operation and Maintenance Costs No Operation and Maintenance Costs

HRC treatment is generally <1/3 the cost of pump HRC treatment is generally <1/3 the cost of pump and treat systemsand treat systems

Advantages of HRCAdvantages of HRC

Compared to Sparging/VentingCompared to Sparging/Venting

• No capital equipment costsNo capital equipment costs• No elaborate design costsNo elaborate design costs• No site construction/ disruptionNo site construction/ disruption• No Operation and Maintenance costs No Operation and Maintenance costs

HRC treatment is generally <1/2 the cost of HRC treatment is generally <1/2 the cost of sparge/vent systemssparge/vent systems

Advantages of HRCAdvantages of HRC

Compared to Sparge/VentingCompared to Sparge/Venting

• HRC Accelerates Natural HRC Accelerates Natural Attenuation. Attenuation. Sparging Inhibits it.Sparging Inhibits it.

Advantages of HRCAdvantages of HRC Compared to Zero Valent IronCompared to Zero Valent Iron

• No construction costsNo construction costs• No patent fees (15% of the project)No patent fees (15% of the project)• No site construction/ disruptionNo site construction/ disruption• Iron walls are circumvented by flowIron walls are circumvented by flow• Iron walls foulIron walls foul

HRC treatment is generally <1/3 the cost of iron HRC treatment is generally <1/3 the cost of iron walls walls

Advantages of HRCAdvantages of HRC Compared to Chemical OxidationCompared to Chemical Oxidation

• Fenton’s Reagent and Permanganate require direct Fenton’s Reagent and Permanganate require direct contact with contaminant- requiring wells on very contact with contaminant- requiring wells on very close spacing- close spacing- very high costvery high cost

• Very Very dangerousdangerous• Large quantities of oxidants are required- often Large quantities of oxidants are required- often

contaminating subsurface (ie. manganese)contaminating subsurface (ie. manganese)• Chemical oxidants can release toxic metals into Chemical oxidants can release toxic metals into

groundwater (eg. hex-chrome)groundwater (eg. hex-chrome)

Advantages of HRCAdvantages of HRC Compared to Chemical OxidationCompared to Chemical Oxidation

• Chem Ox Chem Ox inhibits natural attenuationinhibits natural attenuation of chlorinated of chlorinated compoundscompounds

• Permanganate can encapsulate DNAPL inhibiting Permanganate can encapsulate DNAPL inhibiting degradationdegradation

• HRC simply stimulates rapid dechlorination without any HRC simply stimulates rapid dechlorination without any negative site effects.negative site effects.

HRC is generally <1/3 the cost of chem oxHRC is generally <1/3 the cost of chem ox

Advantages of HRCAdvantages of HRC

Compared to Chemical OxidationCompared to Chemical Oxidation

• HRC can be used to restore natural HRC can be used to restore natural attenuation in areas where chem ox has attenuation in areas where chem ox has been usedbeen used

Advantages of HRCAdvantages of HRC Compared to Organic Substrate Compared to Organic Substrate

AdditionsAdditions

• Soluble substrate additions (molasses, sugar, Soluble substrate additions (molasses, sugar, lactate, etc.):lactate, etc.):– Require costly routine applications due to high Require costly routine applications due to high

solubilitysolubility– Require multiple wells for routine re-injectionRequire multiple wells for routine re-injection– Constantly bio-foulConstantly bio-foul*Favor methanogenesis over dechlorination*Favor methanogenesis over dechlorination

Advantages of HRCAdvantages of HRC Compared to Organic Substrate Compared to Organic Substrate

AdditionsAdditions

Insoluble substrate additions (Oils, chitin,etc.):Insoluble substrate additions (Oils, chitin,etc.):– Require very dense placement due to insolubilityRequire very dense placement due to insolubility– Large quantities are required to treat plume due to Large quantities are required to treat plume due to

low solubility low solubility – Oils partition into contaminant, inhibiting Oils partition into contaminant, inhibiting

dechlorinationdechlorination

Advantages of HRCAdvantages of HRC Compared to Organic Substrate Compared to Organic Substrate

AdditionsAdditions

HRC presents a very low cost, diffusable, reliable HRC presents a very low cost, diffusable, reliable treatment option compared to common substrate treatment option compared to common substrate additions.additions.

HRC is generally <1/2 the cost of typical HRC is generally <1/2 the cost of typical substrate addition programssubstrate addition programs

HRC Site ObjectivesHRC Site Objectives

• Containment Containment - inject HRC at downgradient - inject HRC at downgradient edge of plume to prevent off-site edge of plume to prevent off-site migration-”cost effective PRB”migration-”cost effective PRB”

• Saturated Zone Source/Plume TreatmentSaturated Zone Source/Plume Treatment - - apply HRC near source area or in plume to:apply HRC near source area or in plume to:– Degrade plume contaminantsDegrade plume contaminants– Desorb and Degrade source massDesorb and Degrade source mass

Source Treatment HRC

Barrier

H2

H2

Tank Removal or ExcavationApplication

DissolvedPhase

Contamination

Methods of HRC ApplicationMethods of HRC Application

Groundwater Flow Direction

HRC Cost Comparison #1Assumes TCE plume treatment @ 10ppm

PLUME WIDE REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGY COST COMPARISON

Small Site (50’ x 75’) Large Site (200’ x 200’)

Shallow 20’ bgs Deep 50’ bgs Shallow 20’ bgs Deep 50’ bgs

HRC Treatment $ 127,000 $ 135,000 $ 303,000 $ 343,000

Pump & Treat $ 595,000 $ 633,000 $ 778,000 $ 876,000

Air Sparging w/SVE

$ 480,000 $ 515,000 $ 890,000 $1 ,068,000

Chemical Oxidation

$ 320,000 $ 343,500 $ 1,495,000 $ 1,636,000

HRC Cost Comparison #2Assumes TCE plume @ 10ppm

PLUME CUT-OFF BARRIER TECHNOLOGY COST COMPARISON

Small Site (50’ x 75’) Large Site (200’ x 200’)

Shallow 20’ bgs Deep 50’ bgs Shallow 20’ bgs Deep 50’ bgs

HRC Treatment $ 145,000 $ 145,000 $ 175,000 $ 175,000

Iron Wall PRB $ 336,914 $ 394,514 $ 632,586 $ 776,586

Pump and Treat $ 578,945 $ 615,265 $ 685,893 $ 757,443

Air Sparging with SVE

$ 350,825 $ 356,525 $ 641,767 $ 675,017

The Advantages of HRC:The Advantages of HRC: Compared to Organic Substrate AdditionsCompared to Organic Substrate Additions

Insoluble substrate additions (Oils, chitin,etc.):Insoluble substrate additions (Oils, chitin,etc.):– Require very dense placement due to insolubilityRequire very dense placement due to insolubility– Large quantities are required to treat plume due to Large quantities are required to treat plume due to

low solubility low solubility – Oils partition into contaminant, inhibiting Oils partition into contaminant, inhibiting

dechlorinationdechlorination

The Advantages of HRC:The Advantages of HRC: Compared to Organic Substrate AdditionsCompared to Organic Substrate Additions(continued)(continued)

• Soluble substrate additions (molasses, sugar, Soluble substrate additions (molasses, sugar, lactate, etc.):lactate, etc.):– Require costly routine applications due to high Require costly routine applications due to high

solubilitysolubility– Require multiple wells for routine re-injectionRequire multiple wells for routine re-injection– Constantly bio-foulConstantly bio-foul

The Advantages of HRC:The Advantages of HRC:

Compared to Organic Substrate AdditionsCompared to Organic Substrate Additions(continued)(continued)

HRC presents a very low cost, diffusible, reliable HRC presents a very low cost, diffusible, reliable treatment option compared to common substrate treatment option compared to common substrate additions.additions.

HRC is generally <1/2 the cost of typical HRC is generally <1/2 the cost of typical substrate addition programssubstrate addition programs

HRC is injected into the aquifer HRC is injected into the aquifer

using direct-push technologies.using direct-push technologies.

HRC Field ApplicationHRC Field Application

HRC is a viscous, injectable HRC is a viscous, injectable

substance.substance.

HRC APPLICATIONHRC APPLICATIONCASE HISTORIESCASE HISTORIES

Recirculating Well StudyRecirculating Well Study USEPA SITE Program USEPA SITE Program

• HRC canisters HRC canisters were inserted were inserted into injection into injection wellswells

• Circulation was Circulation was maintained maintained between the between the extraction and extraction and reinjection reinjection wellswells

The efficacy of HRC was tested in a recirculation well as part The efficacy of HRC was tested in a recirculation well as part of USEPA SITE Programof USEPA SITE Program

Injection Injection wellswells

Extraction Extraction wellswells

Changes in PCE, TCE, DCE, and VC in EPA-2Recirculating Well HRC Study

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340

Time (days)

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n in

pp

b

PCE TCE cis-DCE Vinyl Chloride

Pump off-linePump off-line

Pump off-linePump off-line

Pump Shut OffPump Shut Off

Recirculating Well Study: ResultsRecirculating Well Study: Results

• Total contaminant mass decreased Total contaminant mass decreased 97%97% by Day 206 by Day 206

Initial Conc. (ppb) Initial Conc. (ppb) Conc. Day 206Conc. Day 206

TCETCE

VCVCDCEDCE

PCEPCE 740740

< 10< 109,9009,900

< 1< 1

2,5002,500 < 100< 100250250 < 100< 100

AverageAverage AverageAverage

• Vinyl chloride levels rose from an average of 250 ppb to 3,000 ppb as Vinyl chloride levels rose from an average of 250 ppb to 3,000 ppb as TCE and DCE decreased -- a strong indication of accelerated TCE and DCE decreased -- a strong indication of accelerated reductive dechlorination. By Day 206, VC levels were reduced to reductive dechlorination. By Day 206, VC levels were reduced to <100 ppb.<100 ppb.

Site Characteristics and ApplicationSite Characteristics and Application

• Dry-cleaning operation in commercial locationDry-cleaning operation in commercial location• Contaminated with high PCE levels (up to 20-25 ppm)Contaminated with high PCE levels (up to 20-25 ppm)• Sandy aquifer, groundwater velocity .01--.10 ft/daySandy aquifer, groundwater velocity .01--.10 ft/day• 240 lbs. of HRC injected via 12 direct-push points in a 240 lbs. of HRC injected via 12 direct-push points in a

60 ft60 ft22 area area

HRC Field Demonstration in HRC Field Demonstration in Wisconsin Wisconsin

HRC Field Demonstration in WI: Site MapHRC Field Demonstration in WI: Site Map

• PCE mass decreased 80%PCE mass decreased 80%– Concentration ranges across site Concentration ranges across site decreaseddecreased fromfrom 8.3 - 20.0 ppm 8.3 - 20.0 ppm toto .08 - 5.30 ppm .08 - 5.30 ppm inin 9 months 9 months

• TCE and DCE increasedTCE and DCE increased in the first 120 days before in the first 120 days before onset of subsequent degradation to VC and ethene onset of subsequent degradation to VC and ethene • SulfateSulfate mass mass decreased 65%decreased 65% • Redox decreased Redox decreased throughout treatment areathroughout treatment area• Vinyl chloride was detected and presumed to be Vinyl chloride was detected and presumed to be degrading continuously as concentrations averaged degrading continuously as concentrations averaged only 1.32 ppb after nine months of treatmentonly 1.32 ppb after nine months of treatment

HRC Field Demonstration in WIHRC Field Demonstration in WI(Results)(Results)

PCE, TCE, DCE & VC Mass ChangesHRC Field Demonstration in WI

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

0 50 100 150 200 250 300Time (days)

PC

E, T

CE

, DC

E

& V

C in

gra

ms

PCE DCE VC TCE

PCE Mass Reduction Upon HRC Application PCE Mass Reduction Upon HRC Application

GWGWFlowFlow

Daughter Product TCE Increases and Decreases Daughter Product TCE Increases and Decreases

GWGWFlowFlow

Daughter Product DCE Increases and Decreases Daughter Product DCE Increases and Decreases

GWGWFlowFlow

HRC Field Demonstration in WIHRC Field Demonstration in WIHRC Injection Diagram Overlaying Hydrogen Concentration Map at Day 149HRC Injection Diagram Overlaying Hydrogen Concentration Map at Day 149

HRC ApplicationHRC Applicationresults in increasedresults in increasedhydrogen hydrogen concentrationsconcentrationsin the aquifer: in the aquifer: 2-8 nM2-8 nM

INSERT CASE STUDY AS INSERT CASE STUDY AS NEEDED (Cleaners No.1 was NEEDED (Cleaners No.1 was

here)here)

Is HRC right for your project?Is HRC right for your project?Follow these steps to find outFollow these steps to find out

• Step #1 – Contact Regenesis Technical Support Step #1 – Contact Regenesis Technical Support for a for a freefree site evaluation, cost estimate and site evaluation, cost estimate and proposal.proposal.

• Step #2 – Evaluate free HRC Proposal, determine Step #2 – Evaluate free HRC Proposal, determine if it meets your requirements and goalsif it meets your requirements and goals

• Step #3 – If so, you can order HRC directly from Step #3 – If so, you can order HRC directly from Regenesis over the phone at (949) 366-8000Regenesis over the phone at (949) 366-8000

Steps to obtaining HRC - contn’d

• Step #4 - HRC is typically shipped by truck, and is delivered in 30 lb. buckets

*Note: MSDS and installation instructions are supplied.

• Step #5 - Receive product and apply to your site.

REGENESIS SUPPORTREGENESIS SUPPORT

Regenesis offers support Regenesis offers support freefree of charge: of charge:• ORC engineering/design servicesORC engineering/design services• ORC application/installation tech supportORC application/installation tech support

www.regenesis.com• Technical Bulletins with Technical Bulletins with • Case StudiesCase Studies• Peer-reviewed LiteraturePeer-reviewed Literature• Download the Applications and Real Estate SoftwareDownload the Applications and Real Estate Software

For More Informationplease contact us at:

(949)366-8000(949)366-8000

California, USACalifornia, USAor go toor go to

www.regenesis.comwww.regenesis.com