hydrogen fuel cells (1).ppt
TRANSCRIPT
Hydrogen Fuel Cells:Hydrogen Fuel Cells:A Dream or Reality?A Dream or Reality?
Section 007Section 007Andrew ScheidelAndrew Scheidel
Emily SkaerEmily SkaerElizabeth GolanskiElizabeth Golanski
The Obvious Energy ProblemThe Obvious Energy Problem
Developing countries population continues to Developing countries population continues to grow along with their Per Capita GDPgrow along with their Per Capita GDP
The World currently derives 80% of its The World currently derives 80% of its Energy from fossil fuelsEnergy from fossil fuels
Believe it or not, fossil fuel will hit a Believe it or not, fossil fuel will hit a production peak in the VERY near futureproduction peak in the VERY near future
Higher demand + lower supply = X Higher demand + lower supply = X 1,000,000,000,000 which means1,000,000,000,000 which means
no more Escalades and Hummersno more Escalades and Hummers
Currently the United States uses 45 % of oil for gasoline purposesCurrently the United States uses 45 % of oil for gasoline purposes
Animation of a petrochemical refinery
Economics LessonEconomics Lesson
Crude oil prices are linked with inflation Crude oil prices are linked with inflation (high oil = higher costs = prices raised in (high oil = higher costs = prices raised in order to offset higher cost = inflation.order to offset higher cost = inflation.
Inflation leads to many problems like:Inflation leads to many problems like: - Less purchasing power- Less purchasing power - A decrease in consumer spending- A decrease in consumer spending
The Solution!The Solution!
Renewable and alternate forms of energy. Renewable and alternate forms of energy. NOW!NOW!
Wind, hydro, solar, tidal, geothermal, and Wind, hydro, solar, tidal, geothermal, and HYDROGENHYDROGEN
The forefront of hydrogen fuel development The forefront of hydrogen fuel development relates to hydrogen utilization in automobilesrelates to hydrogen utilization in automobiles
The Hydrogen Fuel Cell System utilizes The Hydrogen Fuel Cell System utilizes electrochemical energy yielding water as electrochemical energy yielding water as exhaust exhaust
First, How Does a Hydrogen Fuel First, How Does a Hydrogen Fuel Cell Work?Cell Work?
Hydrogen Consists of 1 proton and 1 electron Hydrogen Consists of 1 proton and 1 electron orbiting that proton.orbiting that proton.
How Does a Hydrogen Fuel Cell How Does a Hydrogen Fuel Cell Work?Work?
Hydrogen gas enters anodeHydrogen gas enters anode At the same time oxygen enters cathodeAt the same time oxygen enters cathode Catalysts causes H to splitCatalysts causes H to split Protons go through the proton exchange Protons go through the proton exchange
membrane and electrons go through circuit membrane and electrons go through circuit to power motorto power motor
Protons, electrons, oxygen recombine to Protons, electrons, oxygen recombine to form waterform water
Moving on to the Benefits of Moving on to the Benefits of Hydrogen Fuel CellsHydrogen Fuel Cells
Experience with fuel cells alreadyExperience with fuel cells already-NASA-NASA
Abundance of HydrogenAbundance of Hydrogen-2/3 of the planet is water 2/3 of water is -2/3 of the planet is water 2/3 of water is hydrogenhydrogen
Ensures more stable economy, the abundance Ensures more stable economy, the abundance offers less energy cost fluctuationoffers less energy cost fluctuation
Reduction of CO2 emissionsReduction of CO2 emissions Only by-product is waterOnly by-product is water
Benefits of Hydrogen Fuel CellsBenefits of Hydrogen Fuel Cells
Hydrogen manufacture can be Hydrogen manufacture can be environmentally friendlyenvironmentally friendly
Lessons global warmingLessons global warming Reduction in health problemsReduction in health problems Energy dependence on foreign nations is Energy dependence on foreign nations is
reducedreduced Can be more efficientCan be more efficient
Benefits of Hydrogen Fuel CellsBenefits of Hydrogen Fuel Cells
Very appealing to consumersVery appealing to consumers In fact, it is already becoming a reality in In fact, it is already becoming a reality in
CaliforniaCalifornia
TO THE LEFT shows 15 Hydrogen stations in operation and 9 that are planned in California
Now, the Other Side of the Story: Now, the Other Side of the Story: Problems with Hydrogen Fuel CellsProblems with Hydrogen Fuel Cells
Hydrogen may be abundant in water on Hydrogen may be abundant in water on Earth but it is not directly available like Earth but it is not directly available like Oxygen isOxygen is
There are no hydrogen pipelines and there There are no hydrogen pipelines and there are only 15 stations in the ENTIRE countryare only 15 stations in the ENTIRE country
Very difficult to distributeVery difficult to distribute Very difficult to storeVery difficult to store Very difficult to transportVery difficult to transport
HYDROGEN STORAGE SYSTEM = $$$$$
Problems with Hydrogen Fuel CellsProblems with Hydrogen Fuel Cells
There are hydrogen reformers that convert There are hydrogen reformers that convert other fuels like gasoline to hydrogen other fuels like gasoline to hydrogen
-These reformers emit pollution and -These reformers emit pollution and still still use fossil fuels as fuel sourceuse fossil fuels as fuel source
- Also reduce hydrogen efficiency- Also reduce hydrogen efficiency This problem cannot be ignored and leads This problem cannot be ignored and leads
many to look toward other viable fuel many to look toward other viable fuel sources using similar technologysources using similar technology
Solutions to the ProblemsSolutions to the Problems
Many say there are too many problems with Many say there are too many problems with this technology for it to be viablethis technology for it to be viable
Incentives for gas stations to start offering Incentives for gas stations to start offering hydrogen along with gasoline (subsidies, tax hydrogen along with gasoline (subsidies, tax breaks)breaks)
To take care of transportation, reformers To take care of transportation, reformers should be located close to hydrogen fuel should be located close to hydrogen fuel stationsstations
HYDROGEN FUEL DISPENSOR
Solutions to the ProblemsSolutions to the Problems New studies have show alternate fuels other New studies have show alternate fuels other
than hydrogen would be as efficientthan hydrogen would be as efficient-Methanol, propane, natural gas-Methanol, propane, natural gas
Increase investment in research and Increase investment in research and development….big time.development….big time.
A methanol fueled automobile developed by Daimler Chrysler
Concluding RemarksConcluding Remarks Supporters of hydrogen fuel cells are much too Supporters of hydrogen fuel cells are much too
optimistic and are having difficulty thinking optimistic and are having difficulty thinking realisticallyrealistically
Opposition is too quick to dismiss this as actually Opposition is too quick to dismiss this as actually being a viable fuel sourcebeing a viable fuel source
These two groups need to begin working together These two groups need to begin working together to solve the problemsto solve the problems
-The government should act as a liaison -The government should act as a liaison between the two in order to encourage between the two in order to encourage
progress progress
Concluding RemarksConcluding Remarks
There is not nearly enough being done nowThere is not nearly enough being done now Action must be taken immediately by all Action must be taken immediately by all
groups in order to make this fuel source groups in order to make this fuel source viable and prevent the economic viable and prevent the economic implications previously mentionedimplications previously mentioned
Must be a collaboration between, Must be a collaboration between, government, universities, national research government, universities, national research laboratories etc. in order for this to be viablelaboratories etc. in order for this to be viable
WORKS CITEDWORKS CITED
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