hydroelectric and pumped storage,tidal,wave
DESCRIPTION
YDROELECTRIC AND PUMPED STORAGE,TIDAL,WAVETRANSCRIPT
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HYDROELECTRIC AND PUMPED STORAGEPRESENT WORLD CAPACITY = 630 GWPOWER = DELTA P x FLOW RATEPOWER (W) = H =METRES, Q = CUSECSNIAGRA FALLS, H=100M,Q=6000M3S-1,P=5GW
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WORLD TOTAL = 630GW
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HYDROPOWERTOTAL AVAILABLE WORLDWIDE RESOURCE IS 15 TIMES PRESENT HYDROELECTRIC OUTPUT, WHICH IS 16% OF ALL ELECTRIC POWER100% IN NORWAY, 80% BRAZILUK INSTALLED CAPACITY IS 1.4GW (90% IN SCOTLAND)UK POTENTIAL IS 13 GW
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ALL NEED TO RUN AT CONSTANT SPEEDKAPLAN LARGE Q LOW H, VARY BLADE ANGLEFRANCIS VARY Q BY ADJUSTING GUIDE VANESPELTON VARY IMPULSE BY NOZZLE SPEAR
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FRANCIS TURBINE
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FRANCIS TURBINE
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POWER CONTROLLED BY FLOW RATE, Vcup = Vjet/2
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18 SETS OF 700 MW =12.6 GW, H=120M, FLOW = 9000 TONNES/S
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1 MILE LONG, 181 M HIGH, 18.2 GW, 26 X 700 MW
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CRUACHAN RESERVOIR AND LOCH AWE
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CRUACHAN PUMPER STORAGE SCHEME
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DINORWIG PUMPED STORAGE IN WALES
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DINORWIG6 X 300MW FRANCIS TURBINESH=500M, Q= 7 MILLION M3TURBINES OPERATING AS PUMPS USE 281MW EACHTAKES 6 HOURS TO FILL UP AT NIGHTOVERALL EFFICIENCY = 88%IE PAY 12% OF POWER USED TO PROVIDE STORAGE
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TIDAL POWERGRAVITATIONAL AND CENTRIFUGAL FORCES CAUSED BY THE EARTH-MOONINTERACTIONTOTAL UK POTENTIAL = 17% OF CURRENT ELECTRICTY GENERATION
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RAREA = AMASS OF TRAPPED WATER = C OF G = R/2 ABOVE LOW WATER MARKMAX PE IF ALL WATER FALLS R/2 = Over tidal period t average PE =
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TIDAL TURBINE
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2 miles of permanent mud at Weston super - Mare
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Reversible pumps/turbines better than sluice gates
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Turbines 6000MW between high & low basins, 2500 MW high & seaPumps 2500MW
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12.5 HRS50 MINS LATEREACH DAY29.5 DAY CYCLE14 DAYS BETWEENSPRING & NEAPSUN PULL IS 177 BIGGER THAN MOONMID OCEANTR=0.5MNEAR COASTSTR AMPLIFIEDUP TO 15M
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MUTUAL ROTATION ABOUTCOMMON CENTRE GIVESLARGE OUTWARD G FORCEON SEA ON FAR SIDE & SMALLG FORCE ON NEAR SIDE.PULL OF MOON STRONG ON NEARSIDE, WEAKER THAN AVERAGEON FAR SIDESUM APPROX SAMEON BOTH SIDES
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WAVE ENERGYUP TO 2MW/mAverage 80kW/mTwice as much available in UK territorial watersAs current installed generating capacitySeasonal peak in the winterStorms a problem
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ANNUAL AVERAGE WAVE POWER IN KW/M
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SALTER DUCK WAVE POWER CONVERTER
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SALTER DUCK WAVE ENERGY CONVERTER