hydrocarbon structure, naming and energy chemcom 2010
TRANSCRIPT
Hydrocarbon Structure, Naming and Energy
ChemCom
2010
Review of Periodic Table
• Organized by number of protons (atomic number)
• Number of electrons is the same as the number of protons
• Reactivity depends on VALENCE (outer shell) electrons
• Number of valence electrons corresponds to group number
Review of Chemical Bonding
• Elements are looking for full outer shell
• Combine in order to get full number of valence electrons
• Carbon has 4 valence electrons
• Hydrogen has 1 valence electron
• Chemical energy is stored in the bonds between atoms
Using the materials you and your partner have, make a
hydrocarbon
Count the number of C and the number of H
Record them in the table on the board
Alkanes – the most basic hydrocarbons
Alkane names and formulas
# Carbons Name Molecular Formula
1 Methane CH4
2 Ethane C2H6
3 Propane C3H8
4 Butane C4H10
5 Pentane C5H12
6 Hexane C6H14
7 Heptane C7H16
8 Octane C8H18
9 Nonane C9H20
10 Decane C10H22
What do you notice about the names of the alkanes?
Energy Storage
• Discuss the following with the person sitting in front or behind you.– Where is the energy?– Which have the most energy?
How do we use hydrocarbons?
• Coal– Heating– Electricity Generation
• Oil– Heating – Electricity Generation– Transportation
• Natural Gas– Heating – Electricity Generation– Transportation
• Line up in the front of the room according to the first letter of your mother’s name.
How do Hydrocarbons Form?
• Put the cards in the proper order of formation
• Once you think the order is correct have Ms. NH check
• Once you have been confirmed as correct then grab your computer and write up the proper order for your notes
• Now we know hydrocarbons are formed deep underground.
• What are some way that you know of that we access the hydrocarbons deep underground?
How do we access Hydrocarbons?
• Close your computer screens – its video time!
• Oil and Gas Drilling Video
• Now in your own words, write a summary of what you saw in the video.
• The oil that comes out of the ground is what we call CRUDE OIL
• It is not useable straight from the ground, it must be processed
How do we process Hydrocarbons?
# Carbons Name Boiling Point
1 Methane -161.7
2 Ethane -88.6
3 Propane -42.1
4 Butane -0.5
5 Pentane 36.1
6 Hexane 68.7
7 Heptane 98.4
8 Octane 125.7
9 Nonane 150.8
10 Decane 174.0
Which alkanes would be gasses at room temperature (23)?
Fractionating Tower
The boiling points of the alkanes are used to separate the different fractions with a tower like the one shown to the left.
Pull it all together
• Explain what happens to one hydrocarbon from the time it becomes oil underground until it is fractionated into a something useful. Send your answer to me in an email. Please be sure to use proper grammar for full credit.