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HYDRO TOURISM RESOURCES HYDRO TOURISM RESOURCES

1. Swimming

Swimming is the movement by humans or animals through water, usually without

artificial assistance. Swimming is an activity that can be both useful and recreational. Its

primary uses are bathing, cooling, travel, fishing, escape, and sport.

Animals with lungs have an easier time floating than those without.Almost all mammals

can swim by instinct, including bats, kangaroos, moles and sloths. The few exceptions

include apes and possibly giraffes and porcupines. Land birds can swim or float for at

least some time. Ostriches, cassowaries and tortoises can swim. Juvenile penguins drown

if they accidentally fall in water since their down cover is not suited to water.

2. SPEARFISHING

Spearfishing is a form of fishing that has been popular throughout the world for centuries.

Early civilizations are familiar with the custom of spearing fish out of rivers and streams

using sharpened sticks as a means of catching food.

Spearfishing today employs more modern and effective elastic- or pneumatic-powered

spearguns and slings to strike the hunted fish.

Spearfishing may be done using free-diving, snorkeling, or scuba diving techniques.

Because of the belief of lack of sport in some modern spearfishing techniques, the use of

mechanically-powered spearguns is outlawed in some jurisdictions.

Spearfishing is highly selective and has extremely low amount of by-catch; therefore with

education and proper regulations spearfishing can be the most ecologically sustainable

form of fishing.


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The very best free-diving spear fishers can hold their breath for durations of 2-4 minutes

and dive to depths of 40 or even 60 meters (about 130 to 200 feet). However, dives of

approximately 1 minute and 15 or 20 meters (about 50 to 70 feet) are more common for

the average experienced spearfisher.

3. CROSS COUNTRY RUNNING

Cross Country running is a sport in which runners compete to complete a course

over open or rough terrain. The courses used at these events may include grass, mud,

woodlands, and water. It is a popular participatory sport, and usually takes place in

temperate regions during the autumn and winter when soft conditions underfoot prevail.

4. RESCUE SWIMMING

Rescue Swimming refers to skills that enable an individual to attempt a rescue when a

swimmer is in difficulty. These include a combination of communication skills, specific

"rescue" swimming strokes, and release and evade techniques for self-prerservation

should the rescue go wrong.

5. WATER POLO

Water polo is a team water sport. It is the oldest continuous Olympic team sport.

The playing team consists of six field players and one goalkeeper with a maximum of six

substitutes. The winner of the game is the team that scores more goals. Gameplay

involves swimming, players passing the ball while being defended by opponents, and

scoring by throwing into a net defended by a goalie. Water polo, therefore, has strong

similarities to the land-based game of team handball. The frequency of 'man-up' (or

'power play') situations also draws comparisons with ice hockey.


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6. SYNCHRONISED SWIMMING

Synchronised swimming is a hybrid form of swimming, dance and gymnastics,

consisting of swimmers (individuals, duets, teams or combos) performing a synchronised

routine of elaborate moves in the water, accompanied by music.

Synchronised swimming demands advanced water skills, and requires great

strength, endurance, flexibility, grace, artistry and precise timing, as well as exceptional

breath control when upside down underwater. Developed in the early 1900s in Canada, it

was a sport performed exclusively by women. It is becoming increasingly popular with

men. In its early form it was sometimes known as "water ballet" so is not the case now.

First demonstrated in 1952, synchronised swimming has been an official sport at

the Summer Olympic Games since 1984. The 1984 through to 1992 Olympics featured

Singles and Duet competitions, but they were both dropped in 1996 in favour of a Team

competition. At the 2000 Olympics, however, the Duet competition was restored and is

now featured alongside the Team competition.

Olympic and World Championship competition is not open to men, but other

international and national competitions allow male competitors. Both USA Synchro and

Synchro Canada allow men to compete with women.

Competitors show off their strength, flexibility, and aerobic endurance required to

perform difficult routines. Swimmers perform two routines for the judges, one technical

and one free.

Synchronised Swimming is governed internationally by FINA (Federation

International de Notation).

7. BOAT


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A boat is a watercraft of modest size designed to float or plane on water, and

provide transport over it. Usually this water will be inland (lakes) or in protected coastal

areas. However, boats such as the whaleboat were designed to be operated from a ship in

an offshore environment. In naval terms, a boat is something small enough to be carried

aboard another vessel (a ship). Some boats too large for the naval definition include the

Great Lakes freighter, riverboat, narrowboat and ferryboat. Modern submarines can also

be called boats, despite their underwater capabilities and size. This may be because the

first submarines could be carried by a ship and were not capable of making independent

offshore passages. Boats may be used by the military or other government interests or for

research or commercial purposes; but regardless of size, a vessel in private, non-

commercial usage is almost certainly a boat. In the Royal Navy, a boat is any

submersible, whilst a ship is anything above water, even a rowing boat.

8. Canoe

A canoe is a small narrow boat, typically human-powered, though it may also be

powered by sails or small electric or gas motors. Canoes usually are pointed at both bow

and stern and are normally open on top, but can be covered.

In its human-powered form, the canoe is ordinarily propelled by the use of

paddles, with the number of paddlers (most commonly two) dependent on the size of the

canoe. Paddlers face in the direction of travel, either seated on supports in the hull, or

kneeling directly upon the hull. Paddling can be contrasted with rowing, where the

rowers usually face away from the direction of travel and use mounted oars (though a

wide canoe can be fitted with oarlocrks and rowed). Paddles may be single-bladed or

double-bladed.

The oldest recovered canoe in the world is the canoe of Pesse (the Netherlands).

According to C14 dating analysis it was constructed somewhere between 8200 and 7600

BC. This canoe is exhibited in the Drents Museum in Assen, Netherlands.


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Sailing canoes (see Canoe sailing) are propelled by means of a variety of sailing

rigs. Common classes of modern sailing canoes include the 5 m and the International 10

m Sailing canoes. The latter is otherwise known as the International Canoe, and is one of

the fastest and oldest competitively sailed boat classes in the western world. The log

canoe of the Chesapeake rBay is in the modern sense not a canoe at all, though it evolved

through the enlargement of dugout canoes.

9. Jet Ski

Jet Ski is the brand name of personal watercraft (PWC) manufactured by

Kawasaki Heavy Industries. The name, however, has become a genericized trademark for

any type of personal watercraft. Jet Ski (or JetSki, often shortened to "Ski") can also

specifically refer to versions of PWCs with pivoting handlepoles known as "stand-ups."

"Jet Ski" became foremost the colloquial term for stand-up personal watercraft, because

in 1973 Kawasaki was responsible for a limited production of stand-up models as

designed by the recognized inventor of Jet Skis, Clayton Jacrobson II In 1976, Kawasaki

began mass production of the JS400-A. JS400s came with 400 cc two-stroke engines and

hulls based upon the previous limited release models. It became the harbinger of the

success Jet Skis would see in the market up through the 1990s. In 1986 Kawasaki

broadened the world of Jet Skis by introducing a two person model with lean-in "sport"

style handling and a 650cc engine, dubbed the X-2. Then in 1989, they introduced their

first two passenger "sit-down" model, the Tandem Sport (TS) with a step-through seating

area

10. Kite surfing

Kite surfing or kiteboarding is a surface water sport that uses wind power to pull a

rider through the water on a small surfboard or a kiteboard (similar to a wakeboard).

Generally kiteboarding refers to a style of riding known as freestyle or wake-style,


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whereas kitesurfing is more "wave-riding" oriented. These two styles usually require

different boards and specific performance kites.

A kitesurfer or kiteboarder uses a board with or without foot-straps or bindings,

combined with the power of a large controllable kite to propel themself and the board

across the water. In 2006, the number of kitesurfers has been estimated at around 150,000

to 210,000, with 114,465 inflatable kites sold that same year

11. RAFTING

Rafting or whitewater rafting is a challenging recreational activity utilizing a raft

to navigate a river or other bodies of water. This is usually done on whitewater or

different degrees of rough water, in order to thrill and excite the raft passengers. The

development of this activity as a leisure sport has become popular since the mid 1970s.

12. Skimboarding

(or skimming) is a boardsport in which a skimboard is used to ride on an incoming wave.

Unlike surfing, skimboarding begins on the beach, with the skimboarder running and

dropping their board onto the thin wash of previous waves. They use their momentum to

'skim' out to breaking waves, which they then catch back into shore in a manner similar to

surfing. Another aspect of skimboarding is 'flatland' which involves performing more

skateboard orientated tricks such as ollies and shuv-its on the wash of waves without

catching shore breaks.

13. Surfing

Surfing refers to a person or boat riding down a wave and thereby gathering speed

from the downward movement. Most commonly, the term is used for a surface water

sport in which the person surfing is carried along the face of a breaking ocean wave (the

"surf") standing on a surfboard. Surfboards can also be used on rivers on standing waves.

Both are sometimes called stand-up surfing, to distinguish it from bodyboarding, in


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which the individual riding the wave does not stand up on the board and only partly raises

his upper body from the board.

Two major subdivisions within contemporary stand-up surfing are reflected by the

differences in surfboard design and riding style of longboarding and shortboarding. In

tow-in surfing (most often, but not exclusively, associated with big wave surfing), a

surfer is towed into the wave by a motorized water vehicle, such as a jetski, generally

because standard paddling is often ineffective when trying to match a large wave's higher

speed.

` Depending on wave size and direction and on wind conditions, also sailboats surf,

namely on larger waves on open sailing waters. Unlike "surfers," sailors usually do not

surf in beach waves, and they usually do not go out in order to surf; instead, the wave and

wind conditions may let them boat surf while during a sailing trip. More recently, the

same principle of craft-based surfing has been increasingly used by kayakers, notably in

the sport of playboating, which is mostly carried out on rivers (see playspot).

Surfing-related sports such as paddleboarding and sea kayaking do not require

waves, and other derivative sports such as kitesurfing and windsurfing rely primarily on

wind for power, yet all of these tools may as well be used to ride waves.

14. WATER SKIING

Water skiing is a sport where an individual (or more than one individual) is pulled

behind a motor boat or a cable ski installation on a body of water wearing one or more

skis. The surface area of the ski (or skis) keeps the person skimming on the surface of the

water allowing the skier to stand upright while holding the tow rope

15. YACHT RACING


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Yacht racing is the sport of competitive yachting. There is a broad variety of kinds

of races and sailboats used for racing. Much racing is done around buoys or similar marks

in protected waters, while some longer offshore races cross open water. All kinds of boats

are used for racing, including small dinghies, catamarans, boats designed primarily for

cruising, and purpose-built raceboats. The Racing Rules of Sailing govern the conduct of

yacht racing, windsurfing, kitesurfing, model boat racing, dinghy racing and virtually any

other form of racing around a course with more than one vessel while powered by the

wind.

16. BODYBOARDING

Bodyboarding is a derivative of wave riding. The average board consists of a

small, rectangular piece of hydrodynamic foam. The board can be shaped and adapted to

different riding styles, and size of rider. Bodyboarding has been growing very rapidly

over the last couple of decades and has now developed into one of the fastest growing

extreme water sports in the world

17. FISHING

Fishing is the activity of catching fish. Fishing techniques include netting,

trapping, angrling and hand gathering. The term fishing may be applied to catching other

aquatirc animals such as different types of shellfish, squid, octopus, turtles, frogs, and

some edible marine invertebrates. Fishing is not usually applied to catching aquatic

mammrals such as whales, where the term "wharling" is more appropriate, or to

commercial fish farming. In addition to providing food through harvesting fish, modern

fishing is both a recreational and professional sport

According to FArO statistics, the total number of fisherrmen and fish farmers is

estimated to be 38 million. Fisheries provide direct and indirect employment to an

estimated 200 million people. In 2005, the worldwide per capita consumption of fish


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captured from wild fisheries was 14.4 kilograms, with an additional 7.4 kilograms

harvested from fish farms

18. KAYAK

A kayak is a small human-powered boat. It typically has a covered deck, and a

cockpit covered by a spraydeck. It is propelled by a double-bladed paddle in the hands of

a sitting paddler. The kayak was used by the native Ainu, Aleut and Eskimo hunters in

sub-Arctic regions of northeastern Asia, Northr America and Greenland. Modern kayaks

come in a wide variety of designs and materials for specialized purposes. Kayaks are in

some parts of the world referred to as canoes.

19 PARASAILING

Parasailing, also known as parascending, is a recreational activity where a person

is towed behind a vehicle (usually a boat) while attached to a specially designed

parachute, known as a parasail. The boat then drives off, carrying the parascender into the

air. If the boat is powerful enough, two or three people can parasail behind it at the same

time. The parascender has little or no control over the parachute.

There are six parts of a parasail. The harness attaches the pilot to the parasail,

which is connected to the boat, or other speeding vehicle, by the tow rope. The activity is

primarily an amusement ride, not to be confused with the sport of paragliding. There are

parasailing locations all over the world.

Land based parasailing has also been formed into competition sport in Northern

Europe and especially in Finland. In land based parasailing, the parasail is towed behind a

car or a snowmobile. In accuracy competitions the tow-vehicle controls the speed and

height, and the parascender controls the lateral movement of the parasail. The

competitions consist of two parts: dropping or throwing a streamer to a target, and


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accuracy landing. The sport was developed at the end of the 1990s in growing rapidly.

The first international competitions were held in 2004.

20. ROWING

Rowing is a sport in which athletes race against each other on rivers, lakes or on

the ocean, depending upon the type of race and the discipline. The boats are propelled by

the reaction forces on the oar blades as they are pushed against the water. The sport can

be both recreational, focusing on learning the techniques required, and competitive where

overall fitness plays a large role. It is also one of the oldest Olymrpic sports. In the United

States, high school and collegiate rowing is sometimes referred to as crew.

21.WATER SLIDE

A water slide is a type of slide or tube designed for warm-weather or indoor

recreational use, typically with water pumped to its top and allowed to flow down its

surface, although some may simply be wet. A person is able to sit directly on the slide, or

on a raft or tube designed to be used with the slide, and slide to the bottom via gravity.

The water reduces friction so sliders travel down the slide very quickly. Water slides

typically run into a swimming pool (often called a plunge pool) at the end. Some,

however, have long, flat, straight sections at the bottom with a few inches of standing

water, frictional material, or rollers attached to the slide designed to slow the slider and

allow them to safely exit the slide.

Water slides are popular at water parks and may form alternatives to those who

don't like such intense rides at other amusement parks.[citation needed] If these empty

into a pool, the pool is usually designed only to catch sliders who must exit the pool

immediately after coming to a stop, to prevent sliders entering the pool at high speed

from striking other swimmers. These Plunge pools are usually quickly cleared by other

swimmers to avoid injury. Smaller water slides may be found at actual swimming pools


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in water parks, private locations and community recreation centers where larger "thrill"

slides are absent.

In some countries, they are more commonly referred to as flumes, water chutes, or

hydroslides

22. SYNCHRONIZED DIVING

Synchronized diving is an Olympic sport. Brought to the Olympic Games in

Sydney, Australia in 2000, the divring event features two divers who attempt to perform

identical or mirrored dives. For example, if one diver were performing a forward dive in

the pike position, the other diver would perform either an identical forward dive or an

inward dive in the pike position, which mirrors its motions. The event is judged by three

separate panels consisting of nine judges total, one panel (of two judges) for each diver

and one panel (of five judges) to judge the synchronization of the dives. This means that

if both divers make identical errors in performance of their dive, they may still attain high

scores from the synchronization judges.

23. WATER AEROBIC

Water aerobic workouts usually combine a variety of techniques from land

aerobics, including walking or running backward and forward, jumping jacks, mimicking

cross-country skiing, along with various arm movements. The workout also may

incorporate equipment such as flotation devices

24. DIVING

Diving refers to the sport of performing acrobatics while jumping or falling into

water from a platform or springboard of a certain height. Diving is an internationally-

recognized sport that is part of the Olympic Games. In addition, unstructured and non-


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competitive diving is a common recreational pastime in places where swimming is

popular.

25. SNORKELING

Snorkeling (British spelling: snorkelling) is the practice of swimming on or

through a body of water while equipped with a diving mask, a shaped tube called a

snorkel, and usually swimfins. In cooler waters, a wetsuit may also be worn. Using this

equipment allows the snorkeler to observe underwater attractions for extended periods of

time with relatively little effort.

It is a popular recreational activity, particularly at tropical resort and scuba diving

locations. Snorkelling is also employed by scuba divers when on the surface, and search

and rescue teams may snorkel as part of a water-based search.

The primary attraction of snorkeling is the opportunity to observe underwater life

in a natural setting without the complicated equipment and training required for scuba

diving, in addition to the exhaled bubbles of scuba-diving equipment. Snorkeling is also a

means to an end in popular sports such as underwater hockey, underwater ice hockey,

underwater rugby and spearfishing.

26. SYNCHRONISED SWIMMING

Synchronised swimming is a hybrid form of swimming, dance and gymnastics,

consisting of swimmers (either individuals, duets, teams or combos) performing a

synchronised routine of elaborate moves in the water, accompanied by music.

Synchronised swimming demands advanced water skills, and requires great

strength, endurance, flexibility, grace, artistry and precise timing, as well as exceptional

breath control when upside down underwater. Developed in the early 1900s in Canada, it


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was a sport performed exclusively by women. It is becoming increasingly popular with

men. In its early form it was sometimes known as "water ballet" so is not the case now.

First demonstrated in 1952, synchronised swimming has been an official sport at

the Summer Olympic Games since 1984. The 1984 through to 1992 Olympics featured

Singles and Duet competitions, but they were both dropped in 1996 in favour of a Team

competition. At the 2000 Olympics, however, the Duet competition was restored and is

now featured alongside the Team competition.

Olympic and World Championship competition is not open to men, but other

international and national competitions allow male competitors. Both USA Synchro and

Synchro Canada allow men to compete with women.

Competitors show off their strength, flexibility, and aerobic endurance required to

perform difficult routines. Swimmers perform two routines for the judges, one technical

and one free.

27. WATER POLO

Water polo is a team water sport. It is the oldest continuous Olympic team sport.

The playing team consists of six field players and one goalkeeper with a maximum of six

substitutes. The winner of the game is the team that scores more goals. Gameplay

involves swimming, players passing the ball while being defended by opponents, and

scoring by throwing into a net defended by a goalie. Water polo, therefore, has strong

similarities to the land-based game of team hanrdball. The frequency of 'man-up' (or

'power play') situations also draws comparisons with ice hockey.

28. UNDERWATER RUGBY

Underwater Rugby (UWR) is a quite young sport that has its origin in the physical

fitness training of German diving clubs and has little in common with normal Rugby


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except for the name. It is played in a pool with a depth of 3.5m to 5m and the goals

(heavy metal buckets with a diameter of about 40cm) are at the bottom of the pool. Two

teams (blue and white), each with six players (plus six substitutes), try to score a goal by

sending the slightly negatively buoyant ball (filled with saltwater) into the opponents

goal. It is a fast and exhausting game therefore the subs replace their players on the fly.

The game always takes place under water and the ball must not leave the water. The ball

can be passed (in any direction) to the other players. It flies about 2m or 3m before it

stops due to the water resistance. This makes good tactics and good (three dimensional)

positioning essential. The players can use different abilities. Strength, speed, mobility or

simply low consumption of oxygen are all similarly important.

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