HYDROPOWER DAMS FOR WATER, FOOD AND ENERGY

Dr. Tran Duc Toan

Soils and Fertilizers Research Institute

Yali Hydropower and main parameters

Yali hydropower has built since 1993-2002

Main objective is electricity generation to national grid system

Installed capacity: 720 MW , 4 turbines

Area of basin: 744.500 ha

Water storage capacity: 8515 cubic meter

Water effective level: 515 m of altitude Ware dead level: 490 m of altitude

Hydropower and Resettlement Context

Yali hydropower & Resettlement impacts

Items Unit Amount

1.Resettled people Individual 5,381

2.Resettled households HH 1,149

3. Resettlement village Village 9

4. Inundated land ha 6,480

5. Farming land ha 1,933

6. Wet-rice crop field ha 871

7. Other crops ha 1,100

8. Forest land ha 3,492

Sources: Report on Resettlement of Yali hydropower project. Vietnam, 2001

Table1: Affected by Yali Hydropower

Loca

l livelih

ood a

lso a

ffecte

d

by H

P

Rapid changes in farmer’s livelihood

Land loss due to water in reservoir raise up

Rapid changed in living conditions

Resettlement house by HP

It was 1149 HH has resettled & compensation house have been built

Cultivated land has been inundated

871 ha of paddy land and 1.100 ha of other crops have been inundated

No longer land for cultivation , livestock

What happen to livelihood of farmer ?

Rapid changes in farming system

Cropping pattern massively change of after resettlement

Upland crops such as hill rice, maize and cassava are become main crops

Broad Scale Survey defined

Cassava has been dominated crop in the upland area since 2005

Farmer’s livelihood more depended on upland crops

Industrial crops such as rubber, coffee, gluticea have developed since 2005

Upland has uncontrolled and massively explored for food crop, industrial crops

Major challenges for Local livelihood after resettlement

Upland degradation trend to be extended

Paddy land is scarcity due to land loss

Irrigation has destroyed , water shortage for agriculture

High pressure of population, immigration

The rural poor&

food insecurity

Land selling between Ethnic – Kinh or Outsiders

Potential for enhancing local livelihood

Semi-flood land area is available for food security

Soil is alluvial with high fertile

It is suitable for many different crops

Major constraints

Water in reservoir rise up when Yali HP stores water for electricity generation

Earlier harvesting in semi-flood land area lead to poor yield

Government law support for local people

Yali HP also support for local people

Semi-flood land area has exploited for agriculture but inefficiency

Altitude (m)

Months

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

510-512 m ---- ////////////////////////////////////////////////////

---------------------

    Duration of exposed land 210 days Water submerged

512-514 m ---- //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

-----------------

    Duration of exposed land 240 days Water submerged

514- 515 m

---- /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

----------

    Duration of exposed land 270 days Water submerged

Water behavior of Yali reservoir

Cropping season must be within 210-270 days

Water level in January

Water level after Feb

Table: Semi-flood land exposed in reservoir

Figure: Map of Yali reservoir (4 communes)

Yali Reservoir and Semi-flood land area

Table: Semi-flood land area in Yali reservoir

Communes

Semi-flood land area/ Water level (m) Total (ha)

490-495

495-500

500-505

505-510

510-515

Sa Binh 3.6 109.0 31.8 34.5 211.3 390.1

Yali 28.4 261.3 118.9 107.1 414.7 930.5

Ya xier     2.9 6.1 147.3 156.2

Ya Tang 20.7 125.2 88.2 91.2 194.1 519.4

Total 52.7 495.5 241.8 238.8 967.4 1996.2

Agriculture only use above 505 m of altitude

Possibility of agriculture in semi-flood land area

Pilot trial in semi-flood land area

Shorten cassava variety KM98-7 has tested in semi-flood area

Growth period: 7-10 month = 210-300 days

KM98-7 in semi-flood land area

KM98-7 & KM 94 in semi-flood land area

Faster growin

gKM98-7

Pilot trial in semi-flood land area

Training for farmer on cultivation techniques

- Introduce new cassava variety

- Cultivation techniques

- Feedback from local people?

Field monitoring in pilot trial

Pilot trial & Results

Tube of cassava after 3 months

Varieties Duration (days)

Yield (ton/ha)

Starch content

KM98-7 230 30,0-33,0 26 % **

KM94 230 19,0-21,0 21%

KM140 230 24,0-26,0 22%

Cassava yield before water in reservoir raise up

Table: Cassava yield at harvesting time

Pilot trial and Beneficiaries

First year of testing & Who are beneficiaries

Leader of commune and Kinh people must pioneer

The result of pilot trial is an evidence to convince ethnic minority to involve in

Training courses and field visit has adverted for MK1 activities in Yali reservoir through Shorten Cassava KM97-8

Local staff has recognized which crops varieties can use in semi-flood land area

Less learn from pilot trial of MK1

Any livelihood activities must suitable with local condition (bio-physical and social context)

Livelihood activities must fit with local strategies

Key points to achieve a successful of MK1 in Vietnam

Enhancing the role of local government /local staff in pilot trial

Yali hydropower must engage with local government

The market demand should take consideration

Future Perspective of MK1

Continuously extending KM98-7 in semi-food land area for improvement of local livelihood

Income diversify for farmer in semi-flood land area by other shorten crop varieties need to identify for further local livelihood improvement

Equity of beneficiaries , especially ethnic minority people

Poor farmer households and Resettlement people will be focused

MK1 Project